College to the Chapter, of which the members take no part in the instruction, while the tutors have little power.'

Pembroke College.

"We are of opinion" (observe the Commissioners) "that the number of Fellowships should be reduced to ten; the revenues of this College not being sufficient to support a larger number; so as to leave to the College the prospect of obtaining its fair share of superior persons, in case the Colleges generally should be thrown open. That the number of the Scholars should remain such as it is now, and that the emoluments of each Scholar should be one-third of those of each Fellow. That the Master should receive an income not exceeding the average emoluments of the office, out of the general funds of the College, in lieu of all fees, roomrent, and other dues, which should be paid into the common fund of the society. We are of opinion, also, that all the Fellowships should be thrown open, and put on the same footing as to rights, conditions of election, and emoluments, that all persons who have passed the Examinations requisite for the degree of Bachelor of Arts should be eligible to them. That all the Scholarships should be thrown open, five excepted; to one of which annually youths brought up in Abingdon School would have a preference; but that, in default of candidates of sufficient merit from that School, the Scholarship should, for that year, be disposed of like the others, after a free competition.

"We are further of opinion, that the liberal conditions on which Mrs. Sheppard's Fellowships, which are of very recent foundation, are held, should be left undisturbed, as well in regard of income as conditions and tenure. One of these will naturally be given to a person who has distinguished himself in Physical Science, and the other to some person eminent for his knowledge of the subjects which fall under the School of Law and History."t

* Report, p. 234: supra in this work, pp. 79, 96, 100.
+ Report, p. 251.

COLLEGE PROFESSORSHIPS.

Corpus Christi College.

529

"We are of opinion that here, as in other Colleges, the connexion between the Scholarships and Fellowships should be severed, and that the Scholarships should be tenable for five years. We have already recommended, in our general Report on the Colleges, that, with the view of carrying out the designs of Bishop Fox, for so many generations frustrated or neglected, two Professorships should be endowed by the College with an income each of the value of three Fellowships." ↑

Oriel College.

"We are of opinion that the College should be empowered to suppress a sufficient number of Fellowships to endow twelve Scholarships, of the value of 501. a year, tenable, as in other Colleges, for five years. The College, from the want of such a Foundation, does not obtain such success in the Examination Schools as might be expected from the character of those from whom its Fellows are taken." +

University College.

"We cannot doubt the propriety of recommending that the oath to observe the Statutes should be prohibited as unlawful; that the Master and Fellows be released from the obligation of attending Disputations, and other obsolete practices; that all the Foundations should be thrown open; that the property qualification should be altered; and that the necessity of taking Orders should be repealed by law, as it has for the most part been virtually repealed by the College itself." §

Merton College.

"Two Professor Fellows, receiving each the emoluments of three Fellowships, should be placed in this College.

* Supra, p. 110.
Report, p. 200.

+ Report, p. 231.
§ Report, p. 187.

Three Fellowships should also be appropriated to the support of nine or more undergraduate scholars. The fifteen remaining Fellowships would suffice for all the other purposes of the institution.”

Magdalen College.

"We are of opinion that the Fellowships should be thrown open to all Bachelors of Arts; and the Demyships to all persons below the age of nineteen; that the Demyships should be tenable only for five years; and that the unstatutable practice which now prevails of Demyes succeeding to Fellowships, should be abolished.

“We recommend, finally, that, in the spirit of the Founder's injunctions relating to the three Lectureships, which have been so long suffered to fall into neglect, twelve Fellowships should be appropriated to the endowment of six ProfessorFellows." t

Queen's College.

"We propose that all restrictions on the election to the Fellowships and Scholarships be removed; that the College should at length, according to the Founder's wish so long frustrated, to the detriment of learning and the disadvantage of the two favoured counties, be as open to all as the University itself; that all Bachelors of Arts should be eligible to the Fellowships; and that the Scholarships should be open to all persons under the age of nineteen; and that all Scholarships and Exhibitions should be tenable for five

years.

“We also think it eminently desirable, for the reasons above stated, that the two Foundations in the College should be amalgamated, and the Fellows placed on an equal footing, and with equal emoluments.

"Four Michel Fellows, and twelve on the old Foundation, would be sufficient, if open, to secure to the College a succession of able officers, and the funds of the Society would Report, p. 196. + Report, p. 223, supra, p. 111.

suffice to endow amply at least twenty Scholarships. The College, being able to accommodate at least a hundred Undergraduates, would, if thus reconstructed, become a noble place of education. The Exhibitions, in which this College is rich, would then, no doubt, be eagerly sought; and some of them being confined to natives of the northern counties would be useful in affording the means of a good education to deserving Students of the poorer classes in those localities.

"We have already recommended* that the intention of the Visitors of King Henry VIII. to establish a Professorship in Queen's, should, if necessary, be realised, two Fellowships being suppressed for that purpose."

All Souls College.

"We have already suggested in our Report on the general state of the Colleges such a change as would best serve to restore so noble an institution to the cause of learning and education, without altogether sacrificing that peculiar character which now belongs to All Souls.†

"A precedent is not wanting for such an application of a part of the funds of this College as that which we have proposed. King Edward VI. issued through his Commissioners, in the year 1549,‡ Injunctions for the government of the College, which in part carried out those issued in 1535 by King Henry VIII. These Injunctions, after stating the general ends of 'good learning,' 'virtue,' and 'religion,' to which the Founder 'destined the revenues of the College ' and all his Statutes,' contain provisions for the establishment of Professors of Divinity in the College, and order 'that no person be allowed to be Fellow in the College for 'more than twenty years, unless for his merit he hath been invited to the public function of Professor.' To follow this Injunction would now be needless, as a sufficient number of Professors of Divinity have been endowed elsewhere. The Supra, p. 111.

* Report, p. 205; supra, p. 112.
Ward's Translation of Statutes, p. 199.

main objects of Chichele's foundation could be as well fulfilled by appropriating a portion of the Fellowships to other Chairs. We propose that there should be in All Souls at least four Professor-Fellows, each endowed with 8007. a-year from the appropriated Fellowships.

"Sixteen Junior Fellowships would still be left at the disposal of the College,—the Professor-Fellows having, of course, votes with the rest.”

New College.

"We have seen that New College is closely connected with Winchester College, and that the chance of obtaining young men of superior merit from so limited a Foundation as that of Winchester, is diminished by the manner in which that Foundation is filled up. At the election also to New College the 'magis Idonei' ought to be placed eo ordine quo magis Idonei;' a change, however, in the order in which the boys originally stood is, we are informed, very rare, though the Head Master for some time before the Examination does not alter that order. The course which would most effectually promote the honour of New College would be, doubtless, to throw open its Fellowships and Scholarships to general competition; but in deference to the general feeling against severing the connexion between these two noble Institutions, we abstain from recommending this course in regard to this College and that of Winchester, and, as a consequence, in regard to the other Colleges connected with schools, and those schools respectively. We think that New College may be greatly raised, however, if the Fellowships shall be divided into two classes, the former consisting of Graduates who shall be Fellows in the strict sense, and be elected out of all who have been educated in Winchester College; the latter of Undergraduate Fellows taking no part in the government of the College, and corresponding to the Scholars of other Colleges, to hold their Fellowships for five years only, and to be elected after com* Report, p. 220.