smaller ones alternately; the capitals are Saxon, and the pedestals square. These pillars support pointed arches, over which is a range of windows, the arches of which are circular; the doors are of the same order, and are adorned with rectangular mouldings. The west entrance is quite perfect, and uncommonly beautiful; over the centre of the arch are four niches, now unoccupied, but which were formerly filled with statues of the four evangelists. The south aisle is entire, but a considerable breach was made in the opposite one by the fall of two sides of the tower: this enormous ruin still remains in the body of the church, and has assumed the appearance of a natural mount. "The high altar was situated at the east end of the church, and on each side of it were three smaller ones; hut to whom dedicated is not ascer tained. To each altar a small distinct chapel was appropriated, and which still remain nearly entire; the excavations for the consecrated water in a recess in the wall are still distinctly visible. The principal window at the east end, is large, and, even in ruins, exhibits marks of a chaste design. The roof between the tower and the east end was adorned with fretwork and intersecting arches, the ribs of which are still visible." This part of the monastery, (the church) whether viewed early or late is highly picturesque aud beautiful. Perhaps night, when the moon illuminates a clear sky, when every noise is hushed, and the mind, undis turbed from without, is solely occupied by the object of contemplation, will be selected by many persons as the season most favourable for enjoying its solitude. I have visited this venerable ruin at such a season: the moon was unclouded, and an awful stillness prevailed, seldom disturbed by the breeze whispering along the dilapidated aisles. The ox, the horse, and the sheep were quietly reposing around the desolated walls. I had taken my stand one evening at the west door, from whence I had a full view of the fragments of the great tower which yet remain; of the east window where the high altar stood; of the rows of mouldering columns which feebly support the threatening roofs of the north and south aisles ;* and of the seemingly natural mount in the midst of the church, formed by those parts of the great tower which have sunk down. While surveying this dreary scene, my mind was completely absorbed. I recurred to the times when the abbey was in all its strengh and beauty; when the altar was surrounded by its ministers, and the devout brother hood; when tears of genuine penitence bedewed the faces of the assembly; when fervent prayer and holy praise ascended to the skies from hearts sincere; when Turgesius, the venerable Turgesius, officiated at the altar with streaming eyes. The reverie was of short duration: the scenes of former times suddenly disappeared, and I beheld the abbey in its real state, -the roof sunk down to the ground-ivy on the walls-grass springing • The roof of the south aisle is much ruined, and is very dangerous to the unwary visitor there is an ascent to the top of it by stairs up the south-west turret. Admittance may be gained to the interior, on application to Matthew Balmforth, residing near the - ruins, who is agent to the Earl of Cardigan, the present possessor. where holy feet once trod-rubbish in place of the altar-and heard the whisperings of the wind along the church instead of the accents of prayer and praise. These ruins call to mind customs that once flourished, but are now no more. They remind us that in the revolution of a few ages the most stately edifices will have crumbled into dust; that empires now in their glory will be almost forgotten, and that the world in which we live-and all its kingdoms-its people and its works -with universal nature, shall sink into ruin and confusion, "The cloud-capt towers The gorgeous palaces, the solemn temples BAKEWELL is situated in the Hundred of High-Peak, in the county of Derby, twenty miles N. N. W. of Derby, and 153 from London. Being seated on the banks of the Wye, there is by means of that river a considerable mart here for lead; it has a market on Fridays, and five fairs in the year for cattle and horses. Its name is taken from Bath-quelle, or the Bath-well the Saxons called it Badecanwyllam, and Domesday has Badequella. This place was of some note in Saxon times, as Edward the Elder, in the year 924, marched from Nottingham into Peaclond, as far as a place called Badecanwyllam, and ordered a town to be built and strongly fortified in the vicinity, the vestiges of which are still very visi : ble. The same Edward also constituted this a borough in the year 920. After the Conquest this manor belonged to Willian Peverell, whose son gave two parts of the tithes of Bakewell to Lenton Abbey, in Nottinghamshire. It was afterwards possessed by the Gernons, of Essex, and the Vernons, from whom it descended to the present owner, the Duke of Rutland. It is thus mentioned in Domesday: "In Badequella with eight berewicks, King Edward had eighteen carucates of land to be taxed. Land to eighteen ploughs. The King has now there in the demesne seven ploughs, and thirty-three villanes and nine bordars. There are two priests and a church, and under them two villanes and five bordars, having eleven ploughs. There is one knight having sixteen acres of land and two bordars. There is one mill of ten shillings and eight pence, and one lead mine, and eight acres of meadow. Coppice-wood one mile long and one broad. Three carucates of that land belong to the church. Henry de Ferrieres claims one carucate in Hadune. These are berewicks of this manor: Hadun, Holun, Reuslige, Burtune, Cranchesbury, Aneisc, Moneis, Haduna." The number of inhabitants in Bakewell is about 1400; 350 of whom are employed in the cotton-mill, erected by the late Sir Richard Arkwright, at the entrance into the town from Ashford; some are also employed in the lead-mines. Two miles south of the town stands Haddon Hall, with its high turrets and embattlements. The buildings surround two quadrangular courts; the east tower appears to be of Edward IIId's reign, and the gallery was built in Queen Elizabeth's time. The north-west tower, on which are the arms of the Vernons, Pipes, &c. is of Henry VIth's reign. Over the entrance to the hall are the arms of Vernon, and Fulco de Pembridge, of Tong, in Shropshire, whose heiress married Sir Richard Vernon. At the upper end of the hall is a raised floor, for the lord and his principal guests. On the south side of the hall is a door leading to a room, on the wainscot of which are carved the portraits of Henry VII. and his queen. On the south-east side is the great stair-case, communicating with the long gallery and state-apartments. The long gallery is 100 feet long, and 17 wide. The flooring is of oaken planks, said to have been cut out of a single tree, which grew in the park. The wainscoting is also of oak euriously ornamented; and in the frieze are boars' heads, thistles, and roses; in the bow-windows are the arms of the Earl of Rutland, impaling Vernon, &c., encircled with the garter, and the arms of England surmounted with a crown. In a room separated from the gallery by a passage, is the state-bed, and over the chimney is a bas-relief of Orpheus charming the beasts, in rough plaister. Most of the rooms are hung with tapestry. In the entrance to the hall is a Roman altar, found near Bakewell, and dedicated to the god Mars, by Ossittius Cæcilian, a prefect. In the south-west corner of the first court, is the chapel, consisting of a body and two aisles. In the windows are some good remains of painted glass, and the date Millessimo CCCCXXVII. Haddon-hall was kept open with old English hospitality for twelve days after Christmas. In 1795, a basaltic celt was found near this hall; and in 1801, a glass vessel supposed to be a lachrymatory. The manor of Haddon, after the Conquest, was possessed by the Avenells, whose co-heiresses married to Vernon and Basset, in Richard Ist's reign. Sir Richard Vernon was sole proprietor in Henry VIth's reign, who was governor of Calais, and Speaker of the Parliament at Leicester in 1425. The last heir of the Vernons, was for his hospitality, styled King of the Peak, and after his death, in Elizabeth's time, it came by marriage into the Manners' family. Bakewell Church Is situated on an eminence, built in the form of a cross, with an octagonal tower, from which rises a lofty spire. Two priests and a church are mentioned in Domesday as being here at the Conquest, and it is supposed that the west end of the present church, where is a Saxon arch beautifully enriched with ornaments, is a part of the original structure. Part of the tithes, with the glebe and patronage of this church, was given by John, Earl of Montaigne, afterwards King of England, to the dean and chapter 66 of Lichfield. One of the Foljambe family founded a chantry here in the reign of Edward III. In the chancel is a beautiful alabaster table-tomb, with the following inscription on the edge, in very singular characters:"Hic jacet Joh'es Vernon Filius et Hæres Henrici Vernon qui obiit xii die mensis Augusti Anno D'ni MmoCCCCLXXVII cui anime p'piciet D's." In the chapel built by the Vernons is a fine table-tomb, with three recumbent figures upon it, and the following inscription in capitals:-Here lyeth Sr George Vernon Knyght deceassed ye-day of- -156and Dame Margeret his wyffe daughter to Sr Gylbert Tayleboys deceassed ye-day of156- and also Dame Maude his wyffe daughter to Sr Ralph Langfofot deceassed ye-day of156-. Whose solles God pardon." The blanks are found in the original. In the same chapel is a fine monument of the last heir of the Vernons, of Queen Elizabeth's time, and another for the Manners. In the vestry is the recumbent figure of Sir Thomas de Wednesley, who was killed in the battle of Shrewsbury, under Henry IV. He is in mail armour, and on his helmet is inscribed, IHC NAZAREN. There is also here a beautiful little monument to one of the Foljambe family. At the west end of the church is an ancient font and stone coffin. The chantry in the church-yard was repaired in Henry VIII.'s time by Thomas Rawson, chantry-priest, and its value at the Dissolution was 41. When it was taken down many years ago, the following inscription was found upon it: D'us Thomas Rawson A.D. DCCCCCXVI. Can. s. crucis de Bakewell." In the church-yard is also a stone-cross, similar to one at Penrith, in Cumberland. 66 Bakewell parish is the largest in Derbyshire, and contains seven chapelries. At Ashford are extensive marble-works, and a moat which formerly surrounded a house belonging to the Nevilles, Earls of Westmoreland. Chatsworth-House*, the seat of the Duke of Devonshire, is also in Bakewell parish. Attempts have recently been made to make Bakewell a watering-place, by clearing out the ancient bath, (which Mr. Bray supposes to have been in use previously to the year 920,) making walks, &c. Lying in the bosom of a country rich in romantic scenery, it combines many advantages for such a purpose; but its water is not well adapted to the cases of those who require warm bathing, being (I believe) only 60° of Fahrenheit. There is an excellent inn, the Rutland Arms, under which have been made baths. Near the town there is also a well, called Peat-well, which runs over from a basin. TOPOGRAPHUS. FURTHER ACCOUNT OF FOUNTAINS ABBEY. [Concluded from p. 96.] AT the time of the general dissolution of the monasteries in England, during the reign of the arbitrary Henry VIII., the establishment of Fountains * I shall be obliged to any of your readers who will furnish you with an account of this fine mansion. being of the first-rate importance, necessarily became an object of immedirate consideration. The general destruction of these religious houses was occasioned by Henry's quarrel with Pope Clement VII. in consequence of his divorce from Catharine of Arragon, and his subsequent marriage with Anne Boleyn*; an event which, though it proceeded from the basest motives on his part, may notwithstanding be considered as having paved the way for that more extensive degree of religious liberty which the people of England enjoy in the present day. Cromwell, the secretary of Henry, visited the monasteries, and is said to have detected the most flagrant disor orders, among which are mentioned whole convents of women abandoned to the greatest profligacy, infants murdered, and every species of crime which the imagination can suggest. By an act of parliament passed about the 25th year of his reign, 376 monasteries were suppressed, 10,000 monks were expelled, and £32,000 added to the royal revenue. About the year 1538, after the execution of Anne Boleyn, and the death of Jane Seymour, his third queen, who expired two days after the birth of his son, afterwards Edward VI., the demolition of the monasteries was completed. From a motive of avarice, rather than an inclination to promote the interests of religion, all those superb edifices to which the holy brotherhood had resorted, no doubt with virtuous intentions and pious zeal, were utterly demolished, and the noblest erections which perhaps Britain ever boasted, presented nothing to the eye of the spectator but one continued scene of ruin and dilapidation. The better to reconcile the people to these sudden alterations, many objects of veneration were exposed to ridicule, among which it will be sufficient to enumerate, the pairing of St. Edmund's nails, and the pretended blood of our Saviour, which, it was said, was invisible to the eye of any one till he had received absolution. The shrine of St.Thomas-a-Becket was also pillaged and destroyed. This was indeed an object worthy of demolition, but, as in all other instances, the King was incited to the act by avaricious motives. At Canterbury, devotion to this man was offered in preference to the Virgin Mary, and even to that of God himself; for the sums offered at his altar in one year amounted to £832, while those at the Virgin's were £63, and at the altar of God only £3 2s. 6d. ! In all, it is estimated that the number of monasteries suppressed during this reign amounted to 645; of colleges to 90; of hospitals to 110, and of chantries to 2374, which brought an increase of £161,100 to the reve nne of the king. Previously, however, to the adoption of these rigorous and arbitrary measures, the Abbey of Fountains had been subject to many deteriorations which threatened its natural extinction, as appears from a letter written by Henry Percy, the sixth earl of Northumberland, to Thomas Arundel, esq. one of Cardinal Wolsey's gentlemen of the privy chamber. "The abbot of Fountains," says he*, does not behave like a discreet father towards the said convent and profits of the house; but, against the same, sells |