Oct., 1882.

but linear on cross-section, the bast layers, however, not extending to the epidermis but ending with a stratum of collenchyma tissue, which spreads under the epidermis and often extends to the collenchyma of

Diagram of transverse section of fibrovascular bundle; o epidermis, g centre of bundle, b bast bundle, c collenchyme. The parenchyma contains iron-bluing arbutin from the leaves (see "Amer.

the adjoining vascular bundle. tannin. J. H. Flint obtained Jour. Phar.," 1873, p. 198).-Phar. Centralhalle, 1882, p. 355. Analysis of several Plants from Uruguay.-Sacc has analyzed I, the leaves of Ficus elastica; II, the leaves of Laurus Camphora; III, a blue-flowering species of Vicia, and IV, Alsine media, the entire plant, with the following results:

-Chem. Centralbl., 1882, No. 34; Compt. rend., vol. 94.

PRACTICAL NOTES FROM VARIOUS SOURCES.
BY THE EDITOR.

Sulphophenate of Quinine.-Zinno states that he analyzed this salt in 1870 and that it was first prepared by Prota Giurleo; it contains 52 per cent. of quinine, 20 per cent. of sulphophenic acid and 28 per cent.

Oct., 1882.

of water of crystallization. The salt is made by directly combining the alkaloid with sulphophenic acid, or by decomposing a solution of sulphophenate of lead (or of barium) by means of quinine sulphate. Since the salt is difficult to crystallize it is best dispensed in solution which should be accurately titrated.-Annali di Chimica, lxxiv, 282.

Preparation of Essence of Rennet from Fresh Stomachs. By Dr. J. Nessler.-In this paper the author communicates the results of some experiments made with the object of comparing the activity of essence of rennet made according to Soxhlet's method from dried stomachs ("Pharmaceutical Journal" [3], ix, 307) and that of essence made from fresh stomachs.

The experiment showed that, using corresponding quantities of dried and fresh stomach, the latter yielded the more active preparation. It was found, moreover, that the activity of the preparation from a fresh stomach could be increased by the removal of mucus, which not only made it more bulky, but prevented it from diffusing the milk so readily, and that this removal could be effected without injury by means of blotting paper. Preparations made from the top layer of the inside of the stomach, scraped off with a knife, proved much more active than others for which the residuum was used, but the residuum contained too much ferment to permit it to be left unused.

The author gives the following instructions for the preparation of an essence of rennet from fresh stomachs. Chop up a fresh calf's stomach as finely as possible, pour upon it two liters of water in which 100 grams of common salt has been dissolved, and shake well. After twelve hours add 200 cc. of 90° alcohol, and allow the whole to stand, with frequent stirring, in a closed flask for three weeks, then decant, and add sufficient blotting paper to cover it. After several weeks, during which the vessel must be kept well closed, the essence of rennet is drawn off into bottles and preserved. A liquor prepared in this way was, when fresh, capable of curdling 6,000 times its volume of milk, and, being kept in a well-corked bottle, it was found, after two years, to have diminished in activity only from 1 in 6,000 to 1 in 5,451.

The author adds that distilled or rain water gives a more active essence than spring water, and that it is advantageous to mince the stomach as finely as possible.-Pharm. Journ. and Trans., Aug. 19, 1882; from Pharmaceutische Zeitung.

Estimation of Glycerin.-Glycerin mixed with volatile solvents is

Oct., 1882.

often determined by heating at 100° to 110° until the residue ceases to lose more than 1 mgrm. per hour, while others mention that on heating for 8 to 10 hours at 100° to 110°, it is completely volatilized. (See "Amer. Jour. Phar.," 1877, p. 371; 1878, pp. 278, 377.

Couttolenc finds that glycerin is obtained in the anhydrous state when heated for five hours at 90°, but at this temperature a surface of one square centimeter is said to lose 3.17 mgrms. glycerin. According to Barbsche two drops of phenol in 8,000 to 10,000 parts of water gives a distinct blue coloration with one drop of a solution of ferric chloride, which is destroyed by the addition of 6 to 8 drops of glycerin. This reaction is recommended for detecting glycerin in wine and beer.

It is shown that the same reaction is obtained with sugar, gum arabic, etc., hence its application for detecting glycerin in wine and beer is not practicable.-Jour. Chem. Soc., August, 1882; from Dingl. polyt. J.

Contributions to the Chemistry of Bile. By G. Hüfner.-The remarkable behavior of the galls of Tübingen cattle with ether and hydrochloric acid has already been noticed by the author. It was thought that a study of the relative quantities of glycocholic and taurocholic acids in different samples of bile would explain why some crystallized at once on addition of ether and hydrochloric acid, and other kinds refused to do so. To this end, ten samples of bile were analyzed, six of which gave a rapid crystallization of glycocholic acid, one a weak one, and three none at all; it was found that the quantities of taurocholic and glycocholic acids respectively were as one to five in the samples from which the latter acid crystallized rapidly, and about equal in those where no crystallization at all occured. That this result had nothing to do with the question as to the absolute increase or decrease in quantity of each acid in the bile was shown by the fact that dilution in the one case did not put a stop to crystallization, whilst in the other concentration did not induce it.

Again, experiments with mixtures of the pure salts of taurocholic and glycocholic acids showed that the relative proportion of the two acids present in solution together had very little, if any effect on the crystallization of the latter. Hence those biles in which there is no appearance of crystallization of glycocholic acid on addition of ether and hydrochloric acid, must contain some other body, the presence of which is possibly dependent on the nature of the animal's diet, and which prevents the crystallization of glycocholic acid under those conditions.-Jour. Chem. Soc., August, 1882; from J. pr. Chem.

Oct., 1882.

VARIETIES.

COLLODIUM FOR CORNS.-1. Gezow's: Salicylic acid, 3.0; collodium, 24-0; extract of cannabis indica, 0.5 gm. Dissolve.

2. Wit-Tshaikowski's: Salicylic acid, 5'0; collodium, 300; turpentine, 3.0 gm.-Hager's Praxis, Supplement.

APOMORPHIA AS AN EXPECTORANT.—We read in "le Journal Thérapeutique" that Dr. Beck used apomorphia as an expectorant in sixty-three cases of bronchial catarrh, and in thirty-one of broncho-pneumonia. The bronchial secretion becomes more fluid and the thick secretion common particularly in broncho-pneumonia is ejected with more facility. The prescription for an adult is as follows:

The dose is a tablespoonful every two, three or four hours. A teaspoonful would be the proper dose for children of from three to ten years of age. -Med. and Surg. Rep., August 12.

CHLORALATED TINCTURE OF IODINE.-Carlo Pavesi gives the following formula: Iodine, 20; chloral hydrate, 30; alcohol of 36°, (sp. gr. ·958?) 140 parts. The solution takes place without decomposition and the preparation is miscible with water without precipitating. It is of a pure golden hue, has the odor and taste of its ingredients, coagulates albumen readily and is an excellent hemostatic and very useful in the treatment of large wounds as an antiseptic and hypnotic.-Io. Spallanzani.—Medical Record.

BENZOL INHALATIONS IN WHOOPING COUGH.-An anonymous writer sends a short communication to the “London Lancet" on this subject. As a substitute for the inhalation on gases, which are thrown off in the neighborhood of gas works, he caused his patients to inhale the vapor of benzol, which he diffused through the air of the room by means of a spray apparatus, such as is used by Lister "with the most gratifying results. It certainly checked the spasm and relieved the whoop."-The Cincinnati Lancet and Clinic.

THIRTIETH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION.

FIRST SESSION-TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12TH.

The sessions of the Association were held in the Cataract House, at Niagara Falls, one of the spacious halls having been fitted up for the occasion. The acoustic properties of the meeting room were better than at several previous meetings, but were by no means as perfect as might have been desired for such a large assemblage. Over 200 members were in attendance, but the exact number is as yet unknown, many of the members hav

ing been prevented from registering in consequence of not finding the register upon the table assigned for it.

Shortly after the appointed hour President Bedford called the meeting to order, and appointed Messrs. E. Lilly of Indianapolis, P. C. Candidus of Mobile and A. W. Miller of Philadelphia a committee to examine credentials. The Local Secretary, Mr. H. E. Griffith, was introduced to the meeting, and, referring to the numerous beauties and magnificent sceneries of this attractive spot, extended a hearty welcome to the visitors.

The President delivered his annual address, in which he referred to the history of this Association, to the rapid increase of local and State pharmaceutical associations, to the enactment of pharmacy laws, to the forthcoming new Pharmacopoeia, and to various other matters of interest and importance to pharmacy in general and to the Association in particular. The address was well received, and, on motion of Dr. Menninger, received the thanks of the Association, and was referred to a committee consisting of ex-Presidents Gordon, Markoe and Bullock for consideration and report upon the suggestions.

The Council reported the names of 77 applicants for membership, after which the various committee reports were read by title. The Committee on Credentials reported that delegates had been accredited from the Colleges of Pharmacy of Chicago, Cincinnati, Louisville, Maryland, Massachusetts, National (Washington), New York, Ontario, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and St. Louis; from the State Pharmaceutical Associations of Alabama, Connecticut, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin; from the Local Associations of Albany County, N. Y., Cleveland, O., Erie County, N. Y., German Apothecaries of New York, Indianapolis, Kings County, N. Y., Lancaster County, Pa., Mobile County, Ala., Monroe County, N. Y., Newark, N. J., Richmond, Va., and Toledo, O.; and from the Alumni Associations of the Chicago, Louisville, Massachusetts, New York, Philadelphia and St. Louis Colleges of Pharmacy. The credentials of the delegates of the Western Wholesale Drug Association were referred back to the meeting, the committee not being able to satisfy themselves that the Association was entitled to delegates under the by-laws.

A motion made for the recognition as delegates of two members of the Kings County Pharmaceutical Society, the entire delegation being absent, was, after some opposition, withdrawn. The committee of the Western Wholesale Drug Association were then invited to take seats and participate in the discussion on pharmaceutical subjects that may come before the meeting; and the representatives of the pharmaceutical bodies named above were received as delegates. Mr. Richardson, of St. Louis, as the chairman of the committee named before, addressed the meeting, stating that the association he represented had virtually become a national association, and that, though working in different paths, the field of labor of the wholesale drug and pharmaceutical associations was very similar; he offered congratulations and sympathy in the persistent labors and high aims, and hoped