The Chemistry of India Rubber: Including the Outlines of a Theory on Vulcanization |
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acetone action alcohol analysis appear ascertained Beni River benzene boiling point brands of india bromine Brown substitute carbon bisulphide cent Chem chemical chloride of sulphur chlorine chloroform chlorosulphide substitutes coal tar cold cured colloidal colloidal solutions colour combined sulphur composition compounds considerable constituents crystalloids decomposition determination dilute dipentene dissolved distillation dyes effect employed extract fact fatty oils fatty substitutes filter flask free sulphur grms hard rubber heat hydrocarbons hydrochloric acid hydrogen india rubber india rubber articles inorganic insoluble isoprene jelly lake pigments manufactured india rubber mineral matter mixture molecule naphtha nitrobenzene observed obtained oxidised oxygen Pará pectous percentage physical pigments polyprene precipitate present pyridine quantity reaction recovered india rubber recovered rubber residue resinous result rubber mixings salts sample saponification soluble solvent specific gravity substances sulphur carriers sulphur monochloride sulphur of vulcanisation temperature terpenes vulcanisation process vulcanised india rubber washed white substitute Zinc oxide
Popular passages
Page 58 - The inquiry suggests itself whether the colloid molecule may not be constituted by the grouping together of a number of smaller crystalloid molecules, and whether the basis of colloidality may not really be this composite character of the molecule.
Page 56 - ... fluidity, and enables the colloid to become a medium for liquid diffusion, like water itself. The same penetrability appears to take the form of a capacity for cementation in such colloids as can exist at a high temperature. Hence a wide sensibility on the part of colloids to external agents. Another eminently characteristic quality of colloids, is their mutability.
Page 56 - ... at last. Nor does the change of this colloid appear to stop at that point. For the mineral forms of silicic acid deposited from water, such as flint, are often found to have passed, during the geological ages of their existence, from the vitreous or colloidal into the crystalline condition. (H. Rose.) The colloidal is, in fact, a dynamical state of matter, the crystalloidal being the statical condition.
Page 42 - He ended, and his words their drooping cheer Enlighten'd, and their languish'd hope reviv'd. The invention all admired, and each how he To be the inventor miss'd ; so easy it seem'd Once found, which yet unfound most would have thought Impossible...
Page 58 - CjsHnOn, but judging from the small proportions of lime and potash which suffice to neutralize this acid, the true numbers of its formula must be several times greater. It is difficult to avoid associating the inertness...
Page 42 - ... my experiments alone, in my private laboratory at Stoke Newington, into which on these occasions no person entered but myself. I consequently lighted my own fires, and did all the labour myself; and having constantly to attend to the general business in London, and to answer innumerable inquiries, both verbally and by letter, besides attending consultations with parties taking out patents, or others requiring information in the application of our materials to their different purposes, I was obliged...
Page 57 - The colloid, although often dissolved in a large proportion by its solvent, is held in solution by a singularly feeble force. Hence colloids are generally displaced and precipitated by the addition to their solution of any substance from the other class. Of all the properties of liquid colloids, their slow diffusion in water, and their arrest by colloidal septa, are the most serviceable in distinguishing them from crystalloids.
Page 58 - ... would suggest. Gelatine is also precipitated by carbolic acid. The hardness of the crystalloid, with its crystalline planes and angles, is replaced in the colloid by a degree of softness, with a more or less rounded outline. The water of crystallization is represented by the water of gelatination. The water in gelatinous hydrates is aptly described by M. CHEVREUL as retained by "capillary affinity," that is, by an attraction partaking both of the physical and chemical character.
Page 56 - Although chemically inert in the ordinary sense, colloids possess a compensating activity of their own, arising out of their physical properties. While the rigidity of the crystalline structure shuts out external impressions, the softness of the gelatinous colloid partakes of fluidity, and enables the colloid to become a medium for liquid diffusion, like water itself.
Page 56 - Hence a wide sensibility on the part of colloids to external agents. Another and eminently characteristic quality of colloids is their mutability. Their existence is a continued metastasis. A colloid may be compared in this respect to water while existing liquid at a temperature under its usual freezing point, or to a supersaturated saline solution. Fluid colloids appear to have always a pectous modification (1D;KT<SS, curdled), as fibrin, casein, albumin.