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theran clergyman; and was born, in 1718, at Montfort, near Utrecht. Originally intended for the Church, in whose communion he was born, he was induced, in consequence of some heterodox opinions entertained by his father, to turn his attention to physic. He studied at Leyden, and on the 31st March, 1732, when fourteen years of age, was entered on the philosophy line there. He graduated doctor of medicine at Leyden 11th February, 1740 (D.M.I. de Consuetudinis Efficaciâ in Corpus Humanum); immediately after which he quitted Holland and settled in England. In 1750 he commenced the publication in French of the "Journal Britannique," printed at the Hague, and giving an account of the productions of the English press. "This humble, though

useful labour," to use the words of the historian Gibbon, "which had once been dignified by the genius of Bayle and the learning of Le Clerc, was not disgraced by the taste, the knowledge, and the judgment of Maty. His style is pure and eloquent, and in his virtues, or even in his defects, he may be reckoned as one of the last disciples of the school of Fontanelle." The Journal, which was continued for five years, was held in high estimation in England, and served to introduce him to some of the most eminent literary men in this his adopted country. It was to their active and uninterrupted friendship, no less than to his own merits, that he owed the important situations which he subsequently filled. On the establishment of the British Museum, in 1753, he was appointed one of the under-librarians; and on the death of the principal librarian, Dr. Knight, was nominated to that office. Dr. Maty was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society in 1752; and a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1765. He was elected foreign secretary of the Royal Society the 4th March, 1762; and secretary, 30th November, 1765, an office he continued to hold for eleven years. He died in the latter part of 1776. A portrait of Dr. Maty was by his own order engraved after his death by Bartolozzi, to be given to his friends. Of these one hundred

copies only were struck off, and the plate then destroyed. The doctor at the time of his death had nearly finished the "Memoirs of the Earl of Chesterfield," which were completed by his son-in-law, Mr. Justamond, and prefixed to the earl's "Miscellaneous Works," published in 1777, in two volumes quarto. He was the author also of

Essai sur l'Usage. Ultr. 1741.

Ode sur la Rebellion en Ecosse. 8vo. Amst. 1746.

Essai sur le Caractère du Grand Médicin, ou Eloge Critique de Boerhaave. 8vo. Col. 1747.

Authentic Memoirs of the Life of Richard Mead, M.D. 12mo. Lond. 1755.

Translation of a Discourse on Inoculation by M. de la Condamine. 8vo. Lond. 1765.

New Observations on Inoculation, by Dr. Garth, Professor of Medicine in the University of Paris. From the French. 8vo. Lond. 1768.

DAVID ORME, M.D.-A native of Scotland, and a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 29th June, 1749 (D.M.I. de Anginâ Inflammatoriâ); was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1765. He held the office of man-midwife extraordinary to the City of London Lying-in hospital, and died at Lamienby, in the parish of Bexley, Kent, on the 4th April, 1812, in his eighty-fifth year.

THOMAS MANNINGHAM, M.D., was the second son of Sir Richard Manningham, an obstetric physician, who has been already mentioned in this volume. He was a doctor of medicine of the university of St. Andrew's, of 24th May, 1765; and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June following. He resided for some years in Jermyn-street, but in 1780 removed to Bath, where he died 3rd February, 1794.

JOHN HILL, M.D.—A native of Somersetshire, and a doctor of medicine, but of what university is not recorded; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1765. He died at Canonbury the 9th February, 1789.

HUGH ALEXANDER KENNEDY, M.D.-An Irishman, and a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 11th June, 1754 (D.M.I. de Rhabarbaro); was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1765. He was elected physician to the Middlesex hospital 1st February, 1759, and held that office for more than twentythree years. He was also physician to the army; and at the time of his death, which occurred on the 28th April, 1795, was physician extraordinary to the prince of Wales, and director-general of British hospitals on the continent.

CHRISTOPHER NUGENT, M.D.-An Irishman, and a doctor of medicine, but of what university is not stated, had practised for several years with success at Bath, but then settled in London and on the 25th June, 1765, was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians. He was one of the Johnsonian clique, and one of the original nine members of the Literary club formed by Johnson and Sir Joshua Reynolds, which met at the Turk's Head in Gerard-street every Monday evening. "Dr. Nugent," writes Sir John Hawkins," was a physician of the Romish communion, and rising into practice with persons of that persuasion. He was an ingenious, sensible, and learned man of easy conversation and elegant manners. Johnson had a high opinion of him and always spoke of him in terms of respect." He was a fellow of the Royal Society and died in Suffolk-street, Strand, 12th October, 1775. His daughter, Jane Mary, became the wife of Edmund Burke. We have from his

pen

An Essay on Hydrophobia. 8vo. Lond. 1753.

LUKE WAYMAN, M.D.-A native of Huntingdonshire, was bred an apothecary, in which capacity he practised for several years at Royston. He was created a doctor of medicine of Marischal college, Aberdeen, 17th December, 1760; and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1765.

* Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. 2nd edition, p. 415.

JAMES FRANCIS DE LA FONTAINE, M.D.-A Swiss, and a doctor of medicine, but of what university is not stated; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1765.

JOHN NAPIER, M.D.-A native of Scotland, was entered on the physic line at Leyden 29th September, 1734, being then twenty years of age, and graduated doctor of medicine at Rheims 10th October, 1735. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1765.

ROBERT JAMES, M.D., was born, in 1703, at Kinvaston, in Staffordshire. His father was a major in the army; his mother a sister of Sir Robert Clarke. He had his preliminary education at the grammar school of Lichfield, where he was contemporary with the great lexicographer Johnson. He went thence to St. John's college, Oxford, and as a member of that house proceeded A.B. 5th July, 1726. He was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 12th January, 1727-8, and the 8th May of the same year was created doctor of medicine at Cambridge, by royal mandate. He practised successively at Sheffield, Lichfield, and Birmingham, but eventually removed to London; and was admitted a Licentiate of the College 25th June, 1765. Dr. James was the inventor of the celebrated

"fever powders," which bear his name. He was a person of very considerable attainments, and was highly esteemed by Dr. Johnson, who is reported to have said of him, that "no man brought more mind to his profession;" but he tarnished the fair fame he might otherwise have obtained, by patenting his powders, and falsifying their specification. Dr. James died 23rd March, 1776, aged seventy-three. He was a voluminous writer, and published the following works :—

A Medical Dictionary, with a History of Drugs. 3 vols. Fol. Lond. 1743.

A Treatise on the Gout and Rheumatism. 8vo. Lond. 1745.

to abscond, on account of some disgraceful money transactions." He retreated to Germany, and practised first at Dresden, and then at Berlin, where he succeeded in gaining the confidence and patronage of Frederick the Great. The doctor died at Berlin, apparently a rich man, the 2nd March, 1787, aged sixty-three. A portrait of him, by H. Schmid, engraved by D. Berger, was published at Berlin. Dr. Baylies, in addition to the two pamphlets above mentioned, was the author of

Remarks on Perry's Analysis of the Stratford Mineral Water. 8vo. Stratford-upon-Avon. 1745.

A History of the General Hospital or Infirmary at Bath. 8vo. Lond. 1758.

Facts and Observations relative to Inoculation at Berlin. 8vo. Edinb. 1781.

JOHN FORD, M.D.-A native of London, and a doctor of medicine of the university of St. Andrew's; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1765. He practised as an accoucheur, and was for many years physician to the Charity for Delivering Poor Married Women at their own Houses. Dr. Ford died at his house in Highbury-place 27th May, 1806, aged seventy. "About twenty years before his death he retired from practice; and having married a rich widow, had since resided in Highbury-place. He was a man of learning and much respected, a Methodist, and for many years had been in the habit of occasionally preaching at the principal chapels of that sect."*

JOSEPH ALLEN, M.D., was born in Ireland, and bred a surgeon, in which capacity he accompanied lord Anson in his celebrated voyage round the globe. On his return to England he was chosen master of Dulwich college. He obtained the degree of doctor of medicine from the university of St. Andrew's 23rd April, 1754; and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1765. Dr. Allen retained his mastership of Dulwich college for thirty years, and then * Gentleman's Magazine.

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