Membrane Concentrate Disposal: Practices and Regulation, Final Report

acres allowed aquifers backwash brine concentrator Chlorine concentrate disposal Contact Cost as Function cost factors cost models database deep well disposal deep well injection depth desalting plants disposal method disposal options drinking water plants drinking water utilities effluent evaporation pond evaporation rate Evaporative Area facilities federal Figure FL DW Florida Flow Rate ft dike groundwater GW surface Indirect discharge industrial Installed land application liner liquid waste membrane concentrate membrane plants membrane processes membrane systems membrane technology Mickley microfiltration Microsoft Access monitoring nanofiltration operating percent pipe pollutant POTW raw water re-injection receiving water regression model regulations regulatory reverse osmosis RO plants salinity sewer system sludge spray dryers spray irrigation sprinkler Standardized Coefficient surface discharge surface water survey Table toxicity treatment Tubing Diameter turbidity typically UIC program USEPA variable waste disposal wastewater water quality water quality standards Website WWTP zero liquid discharge