then revisited Paris to study the civil and canon law, in which he made a great proficiency. In 1180 he returned to his own country, which was in great confusion, the inhabitants and clergy having joined in expelling the bishop for arbitrary conduct. Girald was then chosen to superintend the diocese, which he governed for three years with great credit, and acquired popularity, though he introduced considerable innovations. The abdicated bishop, however, was restored, and Girald having resigned his charge, accepted the invitation of Henry II. to be his chaplain. That monarch sent him to Ireland with his son John in 1185; and while there he collected materials for the history and topography of Ireland. In 1187 he returned to Wales, and the year following accompanied archbishop Baldwin in a journey through the principality, in order to preach up the croisade to the Holy Land. This was the occasion of his writing the "Itinerarium Cambriæ." In 1198 he was again chosen bishop of St. David's, but though he took three journeys to Rome, he could not procure the papal confirmation. this he retired from the world, and died about 1220. His printed works 1. Topographia Hiberniæ, 1602. 2. Historia Vaticinalis, de expugnatione Hiberniæ, 1602. These two works are in Hollingshed and Camden. 3. Itinerarium Cambria, 1585, 8vo. This has been translated by sir Richard Colt Hoare, in 2 vols. 4to. 1806. 4. De Laudibus Cambrorum, 8vo. 1585. 5. Gemma Ecclesiastica, 1549, 8vo. 6. Liber secundus de descriptione Walliæ, published by Wharton in his Anglia Sacra. There are many of his manuscripts in various public libraries. — Biog. Brit.

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BARRY (James), lord of Santry, and justice of the king's bench in Ireland, was descended from a Welch family, but born in Dublin, which city his father represented in parliament. After practising the law with reputation some years, he was, in 1629, made king's serjeant, and in 1634 one of the barons of the exchequer. At the restoration he was advanced to the office of chief justice, with the title of baron Santry. He died in 1672.

He wrote The Case of Tenures upon defective Titles, Dublin, 1637, folio, and again in 1725, 12mo. -Ibid.

BARRY (James), a painter, was born in 1741, at Cork, where his father, who had been a builder, was master of a coasting vessel. This son was intended for the same occupation, but having a turn for drawing, he was suffered to follow his inclination. At the age of seventeen he attempted oil-painting, and before he was twenty-two he finished a picture on the landing of St. Patrick, which was exhibited at Dublin. This had the good fortune to attract the notice of Mr. Burke, who invited him to London, recommended him to his friends, and furnished him with the means of visiting Italy. After

an absence of five years he returned to England in 1771, and obtained some reputation by the paintings which he exhibited, particularly a large one of Venus. When the design was formed of decorating St. Paul's cathedral, Barry was engaged as one of the artists, but the scheme failed. In 1775 he published an "Inquiry into the real and imaginary obstructions to the acquisition of the Arts in England," in opposition to Winckelman. Two years afterwards he undertook the labour of decorating the great room belonging to the Society of Arts in the Adelphi; and about the same time he was elected a royal academician. In 1782 he was chosen professor of painting, which situation he lost in 1799, through his own imprudence in mingling political and other extraneous subjects with his observations on the arts. He was also for the same offence expelled the academy. After this he lived in a very secluded manner, and died at the house of a friend in 1806. Some time before his death, a subscription was entered into for his benefit, but though an annuity was secured, ne never lived to enjoy it. His lectures and other works have been published in two volumes, 4to. with his life prefixed.

BARTAS (William de Salluste du), a French poet, was born at Montfort in Armagnac in 1544. He was sent by Henry IV. on several embassies. Du Bartas was of the protestant communion, and died in 1590. He wrote a poem, entitled The Week of the Creation, which has been translated into English by Sylvester. —Moreri.

BARTH (John), a naval commander, was born in 1651 at Dunkirk. In 1692 he had the command of a squadron of frigates and a fire-ship, with which he destroyed 86 sail of English merchant ships, landed near Newcastle, burnt 200 houses, and returned to Dunkirk with prizes valued at 500,000 crowns. In 1694 he was sent with a squadron of six ships to intercept a fleet laden with corn, which had been captured by a Dutch squadron of eight men of war, but though Barth was much inferior, he retook the prizes and their captors. For this he obtained a patent of nobility. He died at Dunkirk in 1702. This celebrated mariner was as rough as the element to which he be longed, and he could neither write nor read. Louis XIV. having ordered him into his presence, said to him, "John Barth, I have just appointed you chef d'escadre:" "You have done well, sir," rejoined the sailor, which occasioned a laugh among the cour tiers. The king turned to them and said; "You are mistaken, gentlemen, in the meaning of John Barth; it is that of a man who knows his own value, and intends to give me fresh proofs of it."-Ibid.

BARTHELEMI (John James), a learned French writer, was born at Cassis in Provence, in 1716. He received his education in the college of the Jesuits at Marseilles,

In

where he made a great progress in oriental literature. On visiting Paris in 1744, he was nominated associate in the care of the royal cabinet of medals, and in 1753 he was made keeper of that collection. In 1755 he visited Naples, then rendered interesting by the discovery of the treasures of HerculaDeum. He wished much to have a specimen of the ancient writing in the Greek manuscripts; but he was told by those who had the care of the curiosities, that they could not grant his request. On this he only asked to see a manuscript page for a few minutes. It contained twenty-eight lines, which Barthelemi read attentively, then going aside, he transcribed the whole, and sent the fac-simile to the academy of belles-lettres. In 1758 the duke de Choiseul gave him a pension; to which, in 1765, the same patron added the treasurership of St. Martin de Tours, and in 1768 the place of secretarygeneral to the Swiss guards. In 1788 the abbé Barthelemi published his Voyage of the younger Anacharsis in Greece, upon which he had been employed thirty years. 1789 he was chosen a member of the French academy; but the revolution involved him in culties, and in August 30, 1793, he was harried to prison, from whence, however, he was released the same night by order of the government. He died in 1795. The abbé was a member of the most distinguished foTags societies, as well as of those in his own try. Besides many papers in the meof the academy, and the work already med, he published-1. Les Amours de Carte et de Polydore, a romance, translated from the Greek, 12mo. 2. Lettres sur quelques monumens Pheniciens, 4to. 3. Entretiens sur l'Etat de la Musique Grecque au quatrieme Siecle, 8vo. 4. Discours procé à l'Academie Française, 4to. 5. Voyage en Italie, 8vo. 6. Dissertation sur une Inscription Grecque, relative aux fitances des Atheniens, 8vo. At the time of his death he was preparing a large medallic history, under the title of "Paleographie Numismatique," 3 vols. folio; and in 1798 M. St. Croix published his "(Euvres diverses," 2 vols. 8vo. - Life, by Nivernois. BARTHES DE MARMORIONS (Paul Joseph), a French medical writer, was born at Montper in 1734. At the age of nineteen he obrained his doctor's degree, and in 1754 was appointed physician to the military hos petal in Normandy. After much service during the seven years' war he was chosen professor of medicine at Montpellier, in which university he afterwards became chancer of the same faculty. He died in 1806. Besides many miscellaneous papers, he wrote-1. La Nouvelle Mecanique de Hamme et des Animaux. 2. L'Histoire des maladies goutteuses. 3. Discours sur le genie d'Hippocrate. Beau. Dict. Hist. BARTHICS (Caspar), a learned writer, was

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born at Custrin in Brandenburg, in 1587. At the age of 12 he translated David's Psalms into Latin verse. After finishing his studies in his own country, he travelled through a principal part of Europe; and on his return settled at Leipsic, where he devoted himself entirely to literary pursuits, and died in 1658. His works are 1. Juvenilia, containing his early poems, 1607. 2. Zodiacus vitæ Christianæ, 1623. 3. Epidorpidon ex mero Scazonte, &c. 4. Tarræus Hebius; or Epigrams, dedicated to king James. 5. Amabilium Anacreonte decantati, 1612. 6. Editions of Claudian and Statius, with notes. 7. Adversaria, fol. 1624. Moreri.

BARTHOLINE (Caspar), a Danish physiciau and divine, was born at Malmoe, in 1585. After filling the medical chair at Copenhagen eleven years, he applied to the study of divinity, and was appointed professor of theology, to which was added, the canonry of Roschild. He died in 1629. He wrote Institutiones Anatomicæ, and various other works. Ibid.

BARTHOLINE (Thomas), son of the preceding, was born at Copenhagen, in 1616. He studied physic at Leyden and Padua, but took his doctor's degree at Basil, in 1645. The year following he was appointed professor of mathematics at Copenhagen, and in 1648 he obtained the anatomical chair. He died in 1680. His principal works are — 1. Anatomia C. Bartholini parentis novis observationibus primum locupletata, 8vo. 2. De Unicornu observationes nova, 8vo. 3. De Monstris in Natura et Medicina, 4to. 4. Antiquitatum veteris puerperii synopsis Operi, magno ad eruditos promissa, 8vo. 5. De Luce Animalium, 8vo. 6. De Armillis veterum, 8vo. He made several anatomical discoveries, particularly in the lac teals and lymphatics. — Ibid.

BARTHOLINE (Thomas), son of the last mentioned, was eminent in jurisprudence. He became professor of history and civil law, besides which he held the offices of assessor of the consistory, and keeper of the royal archives, at Copenhagen, where he died in 1690. His works are-1. De Holgero Dano, 8vo. 2. De Longobardis, 4to. 3. De equestris ordinis Danebrogici instaurati origine, folio. 4. De causis mortis a Danis gentilibus contemptæ. 5. Antiq. Danic. lib. iii. 4to. - · Ibid.

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BARTHOLINE (Erasmus), another son of Caspar, was born in 1625, at Roschild. He took his doctor's degree at Padua, and afterwards became professor of geometry and medicine at Copenhagen. The time of his death is not stated. He published 1. De figura nivis dissertatio, 8vo. metis, ann. 1664 et 1665, 4to. 3. Experimenta crystali Islandici disdiaclasti, 4to. 4. De natura Mirabilibus, 4to. 5. De Acre, 8vo. There were several other persons of this name and family, who obtained celebrity M 2

by their talents, particularly Margaret, the daughter of the first Thomas Bartholine, a lady who wrote some esteemed poems in the Danish language. -Moreri.

BARTHOLOMEW OF THE MARTYRS, a learned Dominican and archbishop, was born in 1514 at Lisbon. His real name was Fernandez, which he altered, on account of his having been baptized in the church of our Lady of the Martyrs. He became preceptor to Don Antonio, nephew of John III. king of Portugal, and for his talents and virtue was preferred to the archbishopric of Braga. He displayed great zeal for the reformation of the clergy at the Council of Trent, and when some bishops asked whether he meant to include the "most illustrious cardinals," he answered, "that those most illustrious cardinals stood in great need of a most illustrious reformation." At the close of life he resigned his archbishopric, which he had governed in an exemplary manner, and died in the convent of Viana in 1590. His works were published at Rome in 1744, in 2 vols. folio. Ibid.

BARTOLI (Daniel), a learned jesuit, was born at Ferrara in 1608. He published a great number of works, the chief of which is the history of his society, in 6 vols. folio. He died at Rome, in 1685. -Dict. Hist.

BARTOLO, OF BARTHOLUS, a lawyer of the 14th century, was born in the march of An

cona.

After taking his doctor's degree at Bologna, he was appointed professor of law, first at Pisa, and next at Perugia. He died in 1359, aged 46. Though his life was short, he acquired the high names of the "Star of Lawyers, the Master of Truth, and the Lanthorn of Equity. His works were printed at Venice in 1590, in 10 or 11 vols. folio. Moreri.

BARTOLOCCI (Julius), a Cistercian monk, was born at Celano, in the kingdom of Naples in 1613, and died at Rome in 1687. He published Bibliotheca Rabbinica, in 4 vols. folio, to which C. J. Imbonati, one of his pupils, added another volume. — Ibid.

BARTOLOZZI (Francesco), an engraver, was born in 1728 at Florence, where his father was a goldsmith, and intended his son for the same profession, till observing his taste for the arts, he placed him under Ignazio Hugford, an historical painter. Here he had for a fellow-pupil Giovanni Battista Cipriani, with whom he formed a friendship which lasted through life. After successfully applying to painting three years, Bartolozzi was articled to Joseph Wagner, an engraver, at Venice, by whom he was employed in executing a number of prints after masters of an inferior order; but while thus engaged, he contrived to engrave many after his own drawings. When his term expired, he married a young Venetian lady of good family, on which alteration of his condition he removed to Rome, where he engraved his fine prints from the life of St. Nilus, and the

heads of painters for a new edition of Vasari. After his return to Venice he worked for the printsellers, but in 1764 he came to England with Mr. Dalton, who allowed him a salary of three hundred pounds a-year. On the close of that engagement he worked for himself, and the printsellers, particularly Mr. Boydell. In 1769 he was chosen a member of the Royal Academy. The new mode of stippling or engraving in the red chalk manner, now becoming fashionable, gave Bartolozzi ample employment, and he executed in that way many hundreds of prints. finest of all his works, perhaps, are the Marlborough Gems, the Musical Benefit Tickets, and the prints for Boydell's Shakspeare. With all this he might have made a fortune, but the contrary was the case, and in 1802 he I went to Lisbon on an invitation from the Prince Regent of Portugal, who allowed him a pension, and the produce of his works. He died there in March, 1815, leaving a son, who is a musician in London. - Gent. Mag.

The

BARTON (Elizabeth), commonly called "the Holy Maid of Kent," a religious impostor, in the reign of Henry VIII. She was a servant at Aldingdon, and, under the management of the priests, was enabled to distort her limbs and face in a surprising manner. She pretended to divine illuminations, and declaimed against the iniquity of the times, but chiefly inveighed on the danger of heresy, exhorting the people to frequent the church, hear mass, and worship the virgin and all the saints. She next pretended a call to be a nun, and was accordingly admitted into the convent of St. Sepulchre, at Canterbury. Being now a professed religious, Elizabeth, under the direction of her advisers, ventured to denounce the divine vengeance on the king, if he proceeded to divorce his queen, Catharine of Arragon. For this, she was taken up and tried with her associates, upon whom, in her confession, she threw all the blame of the imposture. She was executed, however, with them at Tyburn, in 1534.Biog. Brit.

BARWICK (John), an English divine, was born in 1612, at Wetherslack, in Westmoreland. He was educated at Sedberg school, in Yorkshire, from whence he proceeded to St. John's College, Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship. In the civil war he espoused the royal cause, and assisted in conveying the college plate to the king, at Nottingham. He also undertook the dangerous office of an agent, between London and Oxford; in which service he acted with great prudence, and by his arguments brought over many persons of consequence from the side of the parliament. Notwithstanding the murder of the king, he continued the same ha zardous employment, till at length he was dis covered, and sent to the Gate House, and next to the Tower. After a confinement of two years he was released, but he still continued his exertions for the cause which he had so much

at heart, and his efforts were of the greatest consequence in bringing about the restoration. On that event he took his doctor's degree, and the king would have given him the bishopric of Carlisle, which he declined, but accepted the deanery of Durham, holding with it the living of Houghton-le-Spring. In less than a year he was removed to the deanery of St. Paul's, which cathedral he greatly improved. He died in 1664. Dr. Barwick, from the services in which he was engaged, could not write much, but many of his letters are in different collections, and he was the author of the Life of Thomas Morton, bishop of Durham, whose funeral sermon he also preached and printed, in 4to. Besides this he published "Deceivers deceived," a sermon, 1661, 4to. —Life, by his brother, Latin and English.

BARWICK (Peter), an eminent physician, was brother of the preceding, and born in. 1619. He was also educated at St. John's College, where, in 1647, he took his degree fmaster of arts, and applied to the study of physic. In 1655 he was created doctor in that faculty, and after the restoration was made physician to the king. He was quite bind some years before his death, which happened in 1694. Dr. Barwick wrote the life of his brother, the dean, and a defence of king Charles's claim to the Eixar Bathin, in swer to Dr. Walker. - Biog. Brit. BASIL (St.), surnamed the great, was born Casarea, in Cappadocia, in 326. He stuAthens, and on his return home rhetoric for some time, but relinped that profession to visit the monastes in Syria, Egypt, and Lybia. He was rained priest by Eusebius, bishop of Ca, whom he succeeded in 370; but this guity brought upon him the displeasure of the emperor Valens, on account of his orthodory, and opposition to Arianism. He died in $79. His works have been often printed, but the best edition is that of the Benedictires, Paris, 3 vols. fol. 1722-30. — Dupin. Cara

BASIL, bishop of Ancyra, and a semiarian, according to some writers, but said to have been orthodox by others. He was, how ever, deposed in 360 on various charges. Some fragments of his works are extant. There was also a heretic of this name, who revived the errors of the gnostics, in the twelfth century, and was burnt at Constantople. — Moreri.

BAILIDES, one of the chief leaders of the gostics in the second century. He held, that the deity had produced from his own essence seven Eons, two of whom, called Power" and "Wisdom," engendered the ges of the highest order, who again gave erence to other spirits, till three hundred and sixty-five were successively formed, having Abraxas for their head. Basilides died Alexandria in 193.- Tillemont. BASIN, OF BASINIO, of Parma, an Italian

poet, was born in 1421. He received his education, first at Mantua, and next at Ferrara, of which last university he became a professor. Afterwards he went to reside in the court of the lord of Rimini, and died there at the early age of thirty-six, in 1457. Most of his pieces are yet extant in manuscript, but some have been inserted in a collection printed at Paris with this title, "Trium Poetarum elegantissimorum, Porcelii, Basinii, et Trebanii opuscula nova primum edita, 1549.". Tiraboschi.

BASINGE (John de), or BASINGSTOCHIUS, a learned divine of the 13th century, was born at Basingstoke, in Hampshire, and educated at Oxford, from whence he went to Paris, where he remained many years. He also travelled to Athens, and obtained a great knowledge of the Greek language. On his return he was made archdeacon of London and Leicester. He died in 1252. He wrote some sermons, and translated a few Greek books into Latin. - Biog. Brit.

BASIRE (Isaac), a learned divine, was born in the island of Jersey in 1607, but where educated is uncertain. He, however, became chaplain to bishop Morton, of Durham, who gave him the rectory of Stanhope, and the vicarage of Egglescliff, in that diocese. In 1640 the degree of doctor in divinity was conferred upon him by mandamus at Cambridge, and he was also incorporated in the same soon after at Oxford. About this time he was also made chaplain to Charles I., and in 1643 installed prebendary of Durham. The next year he obtained the archdeaconry of Northumberland, but lost all his preferments in the rebellion, on which he went into the Morea, where he preached with such success among the Greek christians, as to draw upon himself the persecution of the Romanists. He then travelled into Palestine, where he received extraordinary honours from the Greek patriarch, and also from the Latins. At Constantinople, he officiated to the French protestants, according to the English liturgy; and from thence he went into Transylvania, where he was hospitably entertained several years by George Ragotzi, the prince of the country, who appointed him professor of divinity in his new university of Weissenburg. In 1661 the doctor was recalled by Charles II., who appointed him his chaplain in ordinary. He died at Durham in 1676. His works are 1. Deo et Ecclesiæ sacrum, a sermon, 4to., 1646. 2. Diatriba de antiquâ Ecclesiæ Britannica Libertate, 8vo. 3. The History of the English and Scotch Presbytery, 8vo. 4. Oratio privata, boni Theologi partes Præcipuas complectens, 8vo. 5. The Dead Man's real Speech, a funeral Sermon on Bishop Cosin, with his Life, 8vo. — Wood Athen. Oxon.

BASIRE (James), an English engraver, was the son of Isaac Basire, of the same profession, and born in London in 1730. He studied under Mr. Richard Dalton, whom he