Bentley knew neither limit nor decency. In 1727 the doctor published his notes upon ference, which involving him in a dispute with bishop Hare respecting the metre of that writer, occasioned this severe remark of sir Isaac Newton, that "two dignified divines, instead of minding their duties, had fallen out about a play-book" Our author next published his edition of the Paradise Lost, which added nothing to the reputation of Bentley, who died in his college July 14, 1742, and was buried in Trinity-college chapel. Dr. Bentley married a daughter of er John Bernard, of Brampton, in Huntingdonshire, by whom he had one son and two daughters, Elizabeth and Joanna. Eliza beth married first, Humphrey Ridge, Esq. and after his death, the Rev. Dr. Favell, rector of Witton, near Huntingdon. 2. Jo anna, the Phebe of Dr. Byrom's beautiful pastoral in the Spectator, who married Dr. Denison Cumberland, bishop of Kilmore in Ireland, the father of the late Richard Cumberland, Esq. Some of Dr. Bentley's papers on the Greek poets are in the Observer pablished by his grandson; and his letters, with those of Grotius, have been printed by Dr. Charles Burney, in a quarto volume. B. Brit. Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, &c. BENTLEY (Richard), the son of Dr. Bentey, wa, educated at Trinity-college under a father, on whose death he married and went to France. By his imprudent contart he fell into great embarrassments, from he was relieved by Horace Walpole, whom he resided, and designed many of the embellishments at Strawberry Hill; so those for the edition of Gray's poems, printed at that place. By the same interest be obtained a pension of five hundred a-year which was secured to his widow, and he had lewise some small situation under governThe t He died in 1782. He published Patriotism," a satirical poem against Wilkes; besides which he was the author of The Wishes, a drama;" "A Poetical Epistle to Lord Melcombe;" "Philodaus," a tragedy; and "The Prophet." Big Dram. Gen. Biog. Dict.

BENVENUTI (Charles), a learned Jesuit, was born at Leghorn in 1716. He entered into the society of Jesuits at the age of sixteen, but did not take the vows till eighteen years afterwards. He became professor of philosophy at Fermo, and next succeeded Boscovich in the mathematical duir at Rome. On the suppression of his erder he went to Warsaw, where he died in 1789.

His works are 1. An Italian translation of Clairaut's Geometry, 8vo. Synopsis Physicæ generalis, 4to. 3. De Lumine dissertatio Physica, 4to. 4. Rifsioni sur Gesuitismo. It was for this defence of his order that he was obliged to quit Rome. - Dict. Univ.

BENVENUTI (Joseph), an Italian surgeon

or physician, was born at Lucca in 1728. He studied at Sarzano, and became a member of the Royal Society of Gottingen. When he died is uncertain, but his works are -1. Dissertatio Historico-epistolaris, 1754. 8vo. 2. De Lucensium Thermatarum sale tractatus, 8vo. 3. Riflessioni sopra gli effetti del moto a cavallo, 4to, 1760. 4. Dissertatio physica de Lumine, 1761, 4to. 5. De rubiginis frumentum corrumpentis causa et medela, 1762. 6. Observationum Medicarum quæ Anatomiæ superstructæ sunt, 12mo, 1764. -Dict. Univ.

BENYOWSKY (Count Mauritius Augustus de), an adventurer, was born in Hungary in 1741. He served in the imperial army, which he quitted, and entered into that of the Poles, who had formed a confederacy against Russia. Being taken prisoner he was sent to Kamtschatka, where the governor committed to his care the education of his son and three daughters. The youngest of the last fell in love with him, and her parents consented to the match. Benyowsky, however, had other objects in view, and formed a conspiracy against the governor, who fell in defending the fort. The count and his companions then quitted Kamschatka in a small vessel, and after traversing the Pacific ocean arrived at MaHere he entered into the service of the French East India company, but afterwards formed a settlement on the island of Madagascar, where he assumed the sovereignty, and was slain in an action with the French in 1786. - ·Preface to his Memoirs.

cao.

BENZELIUS (Eric), archbishop of Upsal, was born in 1642, at a Swedish village called Benzely, whence he took his name. After completing his studies at Upsal he became tutor to the children of the count de la Gardie, grand chancellor of the kingdom, by whose interest he became professor of theology and history. In 1677 he was made bishop of Strengnes, and in 1700 was advanced to the primacy. He died in 1709. He was twice married, and by his first wife had thirteen children. The archbishop wrote an abridgment of Ecclesiastical History; and superintended the Swedish translation of the bible, published in 1703. - Biog. Universelle.

BENZELIUS (Eric), son of the preceding, was born at Upsal in 1675. After travelling through various countries he was appointed librarian of the university of Upsal, and professor of divinity. He was successively bishop of Gottenburg and archbishop of UpHis works aresal, and died in 1743.

1. Monumenta historica vetera Ecclesiæ Succo-Gothica, 4to. 2. Johannis Vastovii vitis Aquilonia, sive vitæ sanctorum regni Succo-Gothici, 4to. 3. Dissertatio de Alexandria Ægypti, 8vo. 4. Laudatio funebris Michael Enemanni, 4to. 5. Dissertatio de re Litteraria Judæorum, 4to. 6. Acta Lit

BENZELIUS (Henry), brother of the lastmentioned, was born at Strengnes in 1689. He travelled into the east, and his journal is still preserved in the library of Upsal, but a part of his observations appeared in a Latin collection entituled "Syntagma dissertationum in Academia Lundensi habitarum, Leipsic, 4to. 1745. On his return to Sweden he was made professor of divinity, bishop of Lunden, and lastly archbishop of Upsal, where he died in 1758. He was succeeded in the archbishopric by his brother Jacob, who wrote a description of Palestine, and other works. H. Jasper Benzelius, of the same family, became bishop of Strengnes. He published, in 1744, the life of John Dury, who in the seventeenth century spent his whole time in endeavouring to promote a union of the protestant churches. — Ibid.

BENZONI (Jerome), a native of Milan, who in 1541 went to South America, where he resided fourteen years, and then returned to his native country. He published "A History of the New World," in Italian, printed at Venice, in 1564, 4to. — Moreri.

BEOLCO (Angelo), a comic writer, surnamed Ruzzante, was born at Padua, and died in 1542. His farces, which are greatly esteemed by the Italians, were printed in 1584, in 12mo. - - Ibid.

BERARDIER DE BATAUT (Francis Joseph), a doctor of the Sorbonne, was born at Paris in 1720. He became grand master of the college of Louis le Grand, and deputy of the clergy of Paris in the constituent assembly, where he signed the famous protest of Sept. 12, 1791. He died in 1794. Berardier wrote-1. Precis de l'Histoire Universelle, 8vo. 2. Essai sur le recit. 12mo. 3. Anti Lucrece, in French verse, 2 vols. 12mo. 4. Principes de la foi sur le gouvernement de l'Eglise, 8vo.-Biog. Uni

verselle.

BERAUD (Laurence), a mathematician, was born at Lyons in 1703. He entered into the society of Jesuits, the suppression of which order gave him a shock which he never recovered. He died in 1777, after having been professor of humanity at Vienna and Avignon, of mathematics and philosophy at Aix and Lyons, and member of the Academy of Sciences at Paris. Many of his astronomical and meteorological papers are in the memoirs of the academy, besides which he wrote "La Physique des corps animés," Ibid.

12mo.

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BERAULD (Nicholas), or BERALDUS AURELIUS, as he called himself, was born at Orleans in 1475, and died in 1550. He was tutor to the cardinal Coligni and his brother the admiral, and became principal of the

college of Montargis. Erasmus was his friend and correspondent. His works are1. Oratio de pace restituta, 8vo. 2. Metaphrasis in economicon Aristotelis, 4to. 3. Syderalis Abyssus. 4. Dialogus quo ra tiones explicantur quibus dicendi ex tempore facultas parari potest, &c. 5. De Jurisprudentia vetere ac novitià oratio. ratio in psalmos lxxi. et cxxx., 4to. Berauld also edited Pliny's Natural History; the works of William, bishop of Paris, and a Greek and Latin lexicon.- Moreri.

6. Enar

BERAULT-BERCASTEL (Anthony Henry), a French ecclesiastic, was at first a Jesuit, afterwards curate of Ormeville, in the diocese of Rouen, and lastly canon of Noyou. He died during the Revolution. His works are A poem on the Canary Bird; a translation of Quevedo; a collection of Idylls; a poem on Palestine; and an Ecclesiastical History, 24 vols. 12mo, 1778. — Biog. Universelle.

BERAULT (Michael), professor of theology at Montauban, and a man of such eminence among the Calvinists, that he was chosen to hold a conference with cardinal du Perron in 1593. He wrote a book against that cardinal; and some others in justification of taking up arms for the sake of religion. One Claude Berault, who succeeded D'Herbelot as professor of Syriac in the Royal college of Paris, published an edition of Statius, in 2 vols. 4to. He died in 1705. Josias Berault, advocate of the parliament of Rouen, was born in 1563, and died about 1640. He wrote "Commentaire sur la coutume de Normandie," folio— Moreri.

BERCHEM (Nicholas), a painter, was born at Haerlem in 1624. He studied under his father, Peter Van Haerlem who painted fish, vases, and other objects of still life; but the son excelled him after becoming the disciple of Grebber, Vangoyen, Wils, and Weeninx. His landscapes are beautiful, and many prints have been engraven from them. — Pilkington.

BERCHET (Peter), a French historical painter, was born in 1659, and died in 1720. He painted the ceiling of the chapel in Trinity-college, Oxford, and pieces for several of the nobility. — Ibid.

BERCHORIUS (Peter), a writer of the fourteenth century, was a native of Poitou, and a benedictine. He was celebrated for has learning, and died prior of the monastery of St. Eloy at Paris, in 1362. He wrote Reductorium, Repertorium, et Dictionarium morale utriusque Testamenti, printed at Strasburg, in 3 vols. folio, 1474; at Nuremberg in 1499; and at Cologne in 1631, and 1692 The Reductorium consists of the stories in the bible, reduced to allegory: the Repertorium is an index of things, persons, and places: and the Dictionarium is a corpendium of theology. The work entituled "Gesta Romanorum," is only a republ

cation of these compilations under another form. Berchorius also translated Livy into French, the MS. of which yet remains in the royal library at Paris.-Biog. Universelle.

BERCKRINGER (Daniel), a German writer, was born in the Palatinate, and died professor of eloquence at Utrecht, in 1667. His works are 1. Exercitationes ethicæ, œconomica, politicæ. 2. Dissertatio de Cometis. 12mo. 3. Examen elementorum philosophorum de bono cive. This last was written against Hobbes, but has never been printed. Moreri.

BEREGANI (Nicholas, count), an Italian writer, was born at Vincenza in 1627, and died at Venice in 1713. The king of France, Louis XIII., honoured him with the order of knighthood, and the state of Venice, with the rank of nobility. Besides sume poems and plays, he wrote - 1. Istoria delle guerre d'Europa delle comparsa delle Armi Ottomane nell' Ungheria l'anno 1683. 2 vols. 4to. 2. Composizioni Poetiche consistenti in rime sacre, eroiche, morali ed amorose, 12mo. 3. Opere Claudio Claudiano tradotte ed arrichite di erudite annotazioni, 2 vols. 8vo. Biog. Universelle.

BERENGARIUS, or BERENGER (James), an anatomist of Carpi, in Modena, whence some have called him Carpius. He took his doctor's degree at Bologna in 1520, but was obliged to leave that place for dissecting hubodies. He died at Ferrara in 1550. Send important discoveries were made by and he was the first who employed mer.. y in the cure of the venereal disease. His works are-1. Commentaria cum ampassimis additionibus, super anatomia Mundi, 4to. 2. Isagogæ brevis in anatomiam corporis humani, cum aliquot figuris anatomuris, 4to. 3. De Cranii fractura, 4to. Heller's Bibl. Anat.

BERENGARICS, or BERENGER, a French divine, was born at Tours, of an opulent family. In 1030 he was appointed master of the school of St. Martin, which he advanced to a high degree of credit. In 1039 he was made archdeacon of Angers, but happening to have a dispute with Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, on the doctrine of the real presence, Berengarius was excommunicated for heresy in 1050. On his recantation, he was restored to church communion in 1955, but four years afterwards he was cted to a council at Rome, and compelled to make another abjuration of his errors, which form he was forced to repeat again in 1078. He died in 1088, aged ninety. As late as the year 1770, Lessing published his treatise "De corpore et sanguine Jesu Christi. Dupin. Moreri.

BERENGER DE LA TOUR, a French poet, was born at Aubenas, in the Vivarais, and died about the year 1559. His works are1. Le Siecle d'or, 8vo. 2. Choreide ou Lou.

ange du Bal aux Dames, 8vo. 3. L'Amie des Amies, 8vo. 4. L'Amie rustique, 8vo. This last is of rare occurrence. Biog. Universelle.

BERENGER (John Peter), a miscellaneous writer, was born at Geneva in 1740. He endeavoured to excite an insurrection in his native city, and to effect a change of government, but was defeated and banished, in 1770. He then retired to Lausanne, where he died in 1807 His publications are- 1. Histoire de Geneve, 6 vols. 12mo. 2. Geographie de Busching, abrege, 12 vols. 8vo. 3. Collection of voyages round the world, 9 vols. 8vo. 4. Amants Republicains, 2 vols. 8vo. 5. Cours de Geographie Historique, 2 vols. 12mo. 6. J. J. Rousseau justifié envers sa patrie. He also translated several works from the English and German languages. Ibid.

BERENGER (Richard), gentleman of the horse to the king, was a man of polished manners, and greatly esteemed by Dr. Johnson. He wrote the History and Art of Horsemanship, 2 vols. 4to.; three Papers in the World; and some poems in Dodsley's Collection. He died, aged 62, in 1782. — Gen. Biog. Dict.

BERENICIUS, a singular person who appeared in Holland under this name, in 1670. He gained his living by grinding knives and sweeping chimnies, yet such was his genius, that he could turn into extempore Latin verse whatever was said to him in Flemish ; and with the same facility he would translate the daily newspapers into Greek or Latin, while standing surrounded by a company. With all these qualifications he was a profligate, and perished in a bog into which he fell, when drunk. It was generally supposed that he was an expelled Jesuit. The Georgarchoniomachia is ascribed to him. - Mo

BERG (Matthias Vanden), a painter, was born at Ypres in 1615, and died in 1687. He was a disciple of Rubens. -- Pilkington.

BERGALLI (Charles), an Italian monk, was born at Palermo. He was a Minorite, and became professor of philosophy and divinity in the convents of his order, provincial in Sicily, and superintendant of the monastery at Palermo, where he died in 1679. He was the author of a work, entitled "De objecto philosophiæ," 1649, 4to; an epic poem, called "Davidiade,' a collection of Latin poems; and a work on medicine. — Moreri.

BERGALLI (Louisa), an Italian lady, was Forn in 1703 at Venice, where her father was a respectable shoemaker. Louisa at first studied drawing under Rosalba Carriera, and afterwards applied with success to the learned languages. At the age of thirtyfive she married count Gaspard Gozzi, by whom she had five children. The time of her death is uncertain. She wrote-1. Agide re di Sparta, a drama. 2. La Teba, a tragedy. 3. L'Elenia, a musical piece. 4. Le Avventure del Poeta, a comedy. 5. Elettra, a tragedy. 6. La Bradamanté, a musical drama. 7. Le Commedie di Terenzio tra dotto in versi sciolti, 8vo. 8. Componimenti poetici delle piu illustri rimatrici d'ogni secolo, &c.-Biog. Universelle. See FORESTI.

BERGAMO

BERGANLINI (John Peter), an Italian writer, was born at Venice in 1685. After studying among the Jesuits he applied to the law, but quitted that profession and entered into the order of Theatins. He became a celebrated preacher, and was appointed secretary of his society, but the time of his death is not mentioned. His works are 1. Il Falconiere di Jacopo Ang. Thuano, &c. 4to. 2. A Translation of Vaniere's Prædium Rusticum, 8vo. 3. Another of cardinal Polignac's Anti Lucretius, 8vo. 4. An im proved edition of the Della Crusca Dictionary. This last work was left imperfect, only one volume having been printed. — Ibid.

BERGELLANUS (John Arnold), the author of a Latin poem in praise of printing, which first appeared in 1540 or 1541. There have been several editions of it. The real name of this writer is supposed to have been Arnold, and that he was called Bergellanus from his country. — Moreri.

BERGEN (Charles Augustus de), a German naturalist, was born in 1704 at Frankfort on the Oder, where his father John George Bergen was professor of anatomy and botany, and whom he succeeded in both those chairs in 1738. He afterwards became professor of therapeutics and pathology, and held that situation till his death in 1760. Besides many academical dissertations and miscellaneous essays, he published — 1. Icon nova ventriculorum cerebri. 2. Programma de pia mater. 3. Programma de nervis quibusdam cranii ad novem paria hactenus non relatis. 4. Methodus cranii ossa dissuendi, et machinæ hunc in finem constructæ, delineatio. 5. Pentas observationum anatomico-physiologicarum. 6. Elementa Physiologiæ. 7. Anatomia Experimentalis. 8. Dissertatio de Aloide. 9. Catalogus stirpium quas hortus academiæ Viadrinæ (i. e. Frankfort). 10. Flora Francofurtana. 11. Classes Conchyliorum. Bergen incurred the displeasure of Linnæus for preferring the system of Tournefort to his own. Biog. Universelle.

BERGER (John Henry de), a law writer, was born at Gera in 1657. He became professor

of law at Wittemberg, counsellor at Dresden, and in 1713 aulic counsellor of the empire at Vienna, where he died in 1732. His works are -- 1. Electa processus, executivi, processorii, provocatorii, et matrimonialis, 4to. 2. Electa disceptationum forensium, 3 vols. 4to. 3. Electa jurisprudentiæ criminalis, 4to. 4. Responsa ex omni jure, fol. 5. (Economia Juris, fol. -Biog. Uni

verselle.

BERGER (John William), brother of the preceding, was professor of eloquence at Wittemberg, and aulic counsellor to the king of Poland. He died in 1751. His works are 1. Dissertationes sex de Libanio, 4to. 2. De antiqua poetarum sapien. tia, 4to. 3. De Virgilio Oratore, 4to. 4. Dissertationes tres de Lino, 4to. 5. Disciplina Longini selecta, 4to. 6. De mysteriis Cereris et Bacchi, 4to. 7. De Trajano non optimo, 4to. 8. De Stephanophoris Veterum, 4to. His brother John Godfrey de Berger was a physician, and published1. Physiologia Medica. 2. De Thermis Carolinis commentatio. He died in 1736. - Ibid.

BERGER (Theodore), professor of law and history at Cobourg, was born at Unterlautern in 1683, and died in 1773. His universal history in German has passed through five editions, and been continued by Wolfgang Jager, 1781, folio.. Ibid.

He

BERGERAC (Savinien Cyrano de), a romantic writer, was born in 1620, at Bergerac in Perigord. He became an officer in the French guards, and being of a very quarrelsome disposition, was involved in many duels. He was also shot through the body at the siege of Arras in 1640, after which he devoted himself to literary pursuits. died in 1655. His principal works are 1. A Concise History of the States and Empires in the Moon, 8vo. 2. Concise History of the States and Empires in the Sun, 8vo. 3. The Pedant, a comedy. The two former works are supposed to have furnished Fontenelle with the idea of his Plurality of Worlds, and Swift with that of Gulliver's Travels. The voyage to the Moon has been translated into English. — Ibid.

BERGIER (Nicolas), a French antiquary, was born at Rheims in 1567. After filling several civic offices at his native place, he settled at Paris, and obtained the situation of royal historiographer, with a pension. He died in 1623. His chief work is the "Histoire des grands chemins de l'empire Ro main," 4to. 1622. In 1728 it was reprinted at Brussels, in 2 vols. 4to; and again at the same place in 1736. It has also been translated into Latin; and the first book into English, in 1712, 8vo. Bergier left in MS. a history of Rheims, which was published by his son in 1635, 4to. His other works are -1. Le point du Jour, ou traite du commencement des Jours et de l'endroit ou il est etabli sur la terre, 1629, 12mo.

Le

Bouquet Royale, 8vo. 3. Police Generale 4. Latin and French poems.

de la France. -Bing. Universelle.

2 vols. 12mo.

BERGIER (Nicholas Sylvester), a French writer, was born at Darnay, in Lorraine, in 1718. He became professor of divinity and principal of the college of Besançon, canon of the cathedral of Paris, and confessor to the royal family. He died in 1790. His works are 1. Elemens Primitifs des langues, 12mo. 2. Origine les Dieux du Paganistne et les sens des Fables decouvert, 3. La Certitude des preuves du Christianisme, 12mo. 4. A defence of this last piece against Voltaire. 5. Le Dese refuté par lui-même, 2 vols. 12mo. 6 Apologie de la Religion Chretienne, 2 vols. 12mo. 7. Examen du Materialisme ou refutation du Systeme de la Nature, 2 vols. 12mo. 8. Traité historique et dogmatique de la vraie Religion, 12 vols. 12mo. 9. Discours sur le mariage des Protestants, Bro. 10. Observations sur le Divorce, 8vo. 11. A Theological Dictionary, 3 vols. 4to. -Ibid.

BERGIUS (John Henry Louis), a German writer, was born at Laaspa in 1718, and died in 1781. He published-1. Camera isten Bibliothek, or a catalogue of works on political economy, finance, &c. 8vo. 2. A magazine of Police and Administration, 14 vols. 4to. 3. A Collection of German Laws relative to the Police, 4 vols. — Ibid. BERGIUS (Peter Jonas), professor of nahistory and member of the Academy of Sciences at Stockholm, died there in 1791. pablished-1. Descriptiones plantarum er Capite Bone Spei, 8vo. 2. Materia Medie regno vegetabili, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. A Treatise on Fruit Trees, 8vo. 4. A History of Stockholm. Ibid.

BERGIES (Benedict), brother of the lastmentioned, a commissary of the bank of Stockholm, and a member of the academy, was born in 1725, and died in 1784. He was also an able naturalist, and left a work which was published after his death, entituled Nicety in Diet among all People." Several of his papers are in the memoirs of the academy.-Ibid.

BERGLER (Stephen), an eccentric character, was born at Hermanstadt, in Transylva a, about 1680. He became corrector of the press first at Leipsic, and next at Amsterdarn, where he superintended Wetstein's edition of Homer, and the Onomasticon of Poilux, 2 vols. fol. 1706. After this he went to Hainburgh, and assisted Fabricius in his Greek Bibliography and other works. From thence he returned to Leipsic, where he published an edition of Lycophron, and several papers in the Acta Eruditorum. He also translated a Greek work of Maurocordato, bospodar of Wallachia, into Latin, with the title of "Liber de Officiis," printed at London in 1724, 12mo. Bergler now removed to Wallachia, where he found the first part

of Eusebius's Evangelical Demonstration, which he communicated to Fabricius, by whom it was printed. This extraordinary man closed his wandering life in 1746, at Constantinople, where it is said he had embraced Mahommedanism, without improving his circumstances by his apostacy. Biog. Universelle.

BERGMAN (Sir Torbern), a celebrated che-. mist, was born in 1735 at Catherineberg, in Sweden, and educated at Upsal, where he gained the friendship of Linnæus, to whom he communicated a collection of non-descript insects. He at first studied mathematics, but afterwards turned his attention to mineralogy, and was chosen professor of that science and chemistry, on the resignation of Wallerius. He made many important discoveries on the nature of fixed air, and the causes of volcanoes. He died in 1784. His works are 1. A physical Description of the Earth, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Various Elogés of the members of the Swedish Academy. 3. An edition of Scheffer's Physics. 4. Opuscula Physica et Chemica, 6 vols. 8vo. Eloge des Academiciens de Berlin.

BERING (Vitus), a Danish navigator, who served in the Russian navy, and became a commodore. Peter I. entrusted to him, in 1728, an expedition to explore the northern coast of America, but he made no discovery in this voyage, nor in another in 1741, when his ship struck on an island on the coast of Kamtschatka, where he died. — Coxe's Account of Russian Discoveries.

BERKELEY (George, earl of), descended from Robert Fitzharding, of the royal house of Denmark. He displayed so much loyalty in the rebellion, and took such an active part in the restoration, as to be createdviscount Dursley and earl of Berkeley, in 1679. He was the author of Historical Applications and Meditations upon several subjects, 12mo., 1670; and published also a Speech to the Levant Company, 1680. He died in 1698.-Walpole's Royal and Noble Authors.

BERKELEY (Sir Robert), an English judge, was born in 1584, at Spetchley, in Worcestershire. In the reign of Charles the First, being one of the justices of the King's Bench, he gave his judgment in favour of shipmoney, for which he was afterwards fined by parliament 20,000l. and imprisoned in the Tower, where he continued seven months.