BOIVIN (Francis de), baron of Villars, and secretary to marshal de Brissac. He wrote the History of the Wars of Piedmont, 2 vols. 8vo. and died in 1618. Moreri.

BOIVIN (John), professor of Greek in the royal college of Paris, was a'native of Upper Normandy, and died in 1726, aged 64. He was a member of the French academy, and keeper of the king's library. His works are -1. The Apology for Homer, and the Shield of Achilles, 12mo. 2. Translation of the Batrachomyomachia of Homer, into blank verse. 3. The Oedipus of Sophocles, and the Birds of Aristophanes, translated into French. 4. An edition of the Mathematici Veteres, folio. 5. A Life of Claude la Peletier, in Latin, &c. Dict. Hist. BOIVIN (Louis), brother of the preceding, was educated under the Jesuits, after which he studied the law and became an advocate in the parliament. He died in 1724, aged 75. He published some learned dissertations, and had prepared a new edition of Josephus. -Ibid.

BOL (Ferdinand), a Dutch painter of history and portrait, was born in 1611, and died in 1681. He studied under Rembrandt, and his pictures have great merit. Houbraken.

BOL (John), an admirable painter of landscapes and towns, was born at Mechlin in 1534, and died in 1593. — Ibid.

BOLD (John), an exemplary divine, was born at Leicester in 1679. He took his degree of B. A. at St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1698, after which he accepted a small school at Hinckley, though the salary was no more than ten pounds a year. On entering into orders he became curate of Stoney Stanton, near Hinckley, in 1702, at 301. a year, which was the only situation in the church he ever enjoyed, and yet with this small income he managed so as to give a portion in charity, and to save a sum which by accumulation enabled him to leave several bequests, and forty pounds to be placed out at interest for the benefit of his poor parishioners. He died in 1751. Mr. Bold wrote-1. The sin and danger of neglecting the service of the Church, 8vo. This is one of the tracts distributed by the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge, 2. Religion, a delightful employment, 8vo. 3. The Duty of worthily communicating, 8vo. Nichols's Leicestershire.

BOLD (Samuel), a clergyman of the esta blished church, is supposed to have been a native of Chester, and was bred up under Mr. Cooke, an ejected minister of that city. He does not appear to have had a university education, yet was episcopally ordained, and was presented to the rectory of Steeple-cum

Tyneham, in Dorsetshire, which he held fifty-six years, and died in 1737. He wrote-1. Christ's Importunity to Sinners to accept of him, 1687, 8vo. 2. Man's great duty, 1693, 8vo. 3. A plea for Moderation towards Dissenters, 8vo.

4. A short Discourse of the true knowledge of Christ Jesus, 8vo. 1697. This was a defence of Mr. Locke's Reasonableness of Christianity against Edwards, and was followed by some other pieces of our author to the same effect. He also wrote-5. Some considerations in the objections to Mr. Locke's Essay on Human Ünderstanding, 8vo. which produced a friendship with that great man. The last publication of Mr. Bold's was "An help to Devotion," 12mo. 1736. Monthly Mag. xxii. 148.

BOLEN, OF BOLEYN (Anne), second wife of Henry VIII., was born in 1507. She was the daughter of sir Thomas Bolen, afterwards earl of Wiltshire and Ormonde, by Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk. At the early age of seven years she went to France with the princess Mary, who married Lewis XII.; and when that queen, on the death of her husband, returned to England, Anne Bolen remained there in the service of Claude, the wife of Francis I. She came home about 1527, and was appointed maid of honour to queen Catherine. Soon after this, lord Percy, son of the earl of Northumberland, paid his addresses to her, and was favourably received; but cardinal Wolsey, for some private rea sons, prevented the match. About this time the king began to distinguish her in a particular manner, and in 1532 she was created marchioness of Pembroke. On the 25th of January following she was married to Henry, and in June the ceremony of the coronation was performed with great pomp. In September she was delivered of a child, who received the name of Elizabeth, and became in the course of events queen of England. The part she took in promoting the Reformation accelerated her ruin, and when she was delivered of a dead son in 1535, the affections of the king were cooled towards her in such a degree as gave her enemies the advantage which they wished. The fickle monarch was now enamoured of Jane Seymour, and thus the insinuations against queen Anne met with willing credence. Charges of the most scandalous and improbable nature were brought against her, and on the 19th of May, 1536, she was beheaded in the Tower.

Four other persons,

and her own brother George, viscount Rochford, a most accomplished nobleman, were also tried and executed for high treason, on the mere suspicion of a criminal intercourse with the queen. Biog. Brit. Birch's Lives, to Houbraken's Heads.

BOLLANDUS (John), a learned Jesuit, was born at Tillemont, in the Netherlands, in 1596. He continued Roseweide's Acta

is that of Turin in 1753, 3 vols. 4to. The other works of the cardinal are devotional, except one on church music, "De Divina Psalmodia, deque variis ritibus omnium ecclesiarum in psallendis divinis officiis," 1663, 4to.- Moreri.

BONAMY (Peter Nicholas), a French writer, was born at Louvres in 1694. He became under librarian of St. Victor, historiographer of Paris, and a member of the Academy of Inscriptions, to whose memoirs he largely contributed. He also conducted the Journal of Verdun, and died at Paris in 1770.-Dict. Hist.

BONANNI (Philip), a learned Jesuit, who died at Rome in 1725, aged 87. His works are-1. Recreatio mentis et oculi in observatione Animalium Testaceorum, 1694, 4to. 2. History of the Church of the Vatican, 1696, fol. 3. Collection of the Medals of the Popes, 1699, 2 vols. fol. 4. Catalogue of the Orders military and equestrian, 4 vols, 4to. 5. Observationes circa viventia in non viventibus, 1691, 4to. 6. Musæum Collegii Romani Kircherianum, 1709, folio. 7. Treatise on Varnishes, 12mo. 8. Gabenitto Armonico, 4to.-Dict. Hist.

BONARELLI (Guy Ubaldo), an Italian poet, was born at Urbino in 1563, and died in 1608. His pastoral poem entitled "Filli di Sciro," was printed at Ferrara in 1607, in 4to.; and again at Glasgow in 1763, 8vo. -Moreri.

BONASONE (Julius), an engraver 'and painter, called from the place of his birth the Bolognese, is supposed to have been a scholar of Sabbatani. There is in the church of St. Stefano at Bologna, a picture of Purgatory, painted by him in a fine style; but he is chiefly known by his plates after Raphael, Julio Romano, and other great masters. He flourished in the sixteenth century. Life, by George Cumberland.

BONAVENTURE (John Fidauza), a cardinal and saint, was born in Tuscany in 1221. He studied at Paris with reputation, and in 1256 was made general of the order of Franciscans. So great was his character, that on the death of Clement IV. the cardinals left the choice of a pope to him, when he nominated Theobald, archdeacon of Liege, who took the title of Gregory X., and made Bonaventure a cardinal. He died at the coun cil of Lyons in 1274, and was canonized in 1482. His works were printed at Rome in 8 vols. fol. in 1588.-Dupin.

BONAVENTURE, of Padua, (cardinal), was born in that city in 1332. He studied at Paris, and in 1377 was made general of the order of St. Augustin. Pope Urban VI. created him a cardinal in 1984, but two years afterwards he was assassinated with an arrow on St. Angelo's bridge, by the conurivance of Francis de Carrario of Padua, who offended with him for his real in dif the rights of the church. He

wrote several religious pieces, and was the friend of Petrarch.-Moreri.

BONCIARIUS (Mark Anthony), an elegant scholar, was born at Perugia in 1555. He was a disciple of Muretus, and became himself a celebrated teacher at his native place, after which he was professor of eloquence at Bologna, keeper of the Ambrosian library, and professor of rhetoric at Pisa. His father was a shoemaker, who on the death of his wife applied to the study of Latin under his son, that he might obtain admission among the Jesuits. Bonciarius died in 1616. He wrote a Latin grammar, epistles, and poems. - Moreri.

BOND (John), a critic and grammarian, was born in Somersetshire in 1550, and educated first at Winchester-school, and lastly at New-college, Oxford, where he took the degree of M. A. He was master of the grammar-school at Taunton many years, after which he practised as a physician. He died in 1612. He published "Annotationes in poëmata Quinti Horatii," 8vo., 1606; but the best edition is that of Amsterdam, 12mo. 1686. His edition of Persius was not printed till 1614, 8vo. Wood Ath. Oron.

BONEFACIO (Venetiano), an Italian painter of eminence. He is said to have been the disciple of Palma, but others with more probability think that he was a pupil of Titian, whose manner he imitates very closely. died in 1553, aged 62.- Pilkington.

He

BONET (Theophilus), a physician, was born at Geneva in 1620, and died in 1689. His principal works are - 1. Pharos Medicorum, 2 vols. 12mo., 1668; again in 1679, under the title of Labyrinthi medici extricati, 4to. 2. Prodromus anatomia practica, folio. 3. Sepulchretum; seu anatome practica ex cadaveribus morbo denatis proponens historias et observationes, 2 vols. fol. 1679. was republished by Manget, and again by Morgagni. 4. Cours de medecine et de la chirurgie, 2 vols. 4to. 5. Medicina Septentrionalis, 2 vols. fol. 6. Mercurius compila titius seu index medico-practicus, fol. -Haller Bibl. Med.

This

BONFADIO (James), an elegant scholar of the sixteenth century, was born at Gorzano in Brescia. After serving two cardinals as secretary he went to Padua, and next to Genoa, where he read lectures upon Aristotle's Rhetoric, which so increased his reputation, that the Genoese government appointed him historiographer of the re public, with a liberal pension. He now set himself to the task of writing the annals of that state, but by speaking too freely of some great families he created many enemies, who accused him of an unnatural crime, far which he was beheaded in 1560. His Annals were printed at Padua in 1586, 4to., in Latin; and in 1597 they were published in Italian. He also translated into Italian Cicero's Oration for Milo, which, with the

miscellaneous works of Bonfadio, was published at Bologna in 1744. His nephew, Peter Bonfadio, wrote some Italian poems, printed at Venice in 1611.- Moreri. BONFINIUS (Anthony), an historical writer of the fifteenth century, was a native of Ascoli, in Italy. He was patronized by Mathias Corvinus, king of Hungary, to whose son he dedicated a collection of epigrams, which that sovereign distributed among his courtiers, and employed the author to write the history of the Huns. This appeared first in 1543, again in 1568, and lastly at Leipsic in 1771, folio. Bonfinius also wrote a history of the capture of Belgrade by the Turks. Both works are in elegant Latin. -Ibid.

BONFRERIUS (James), a French Jesuit, was born at Dinau in 1579, and died at Tournay in 1643. He compiled an “Onomasticon of the places mentioned in Scripture" also a Commentary on the Pentateuch, and other sacred books. — Ibid.

BONGARS (James), a learned man and able negociator, was born at Orleans of protestant parents in 1554. He studied the civil law under Cujacius, and was employed near thirty years in the most important state affairs as a diplomatist with the princes of Germany, on the part of Henry IV. Not

withstanding this variety of public business, be found time to publish an edition of Justin in 1581, and to write several learned works, the principal of which is entitled "Gesta

Dei

iper Francos," printed at Hanau in 1611, 2 vols. folio. He also published in 1600 at Frankfort, "Rerum Hungaricarum Scriptores," folio. He died at Paris in 1612. His Latin letters were printed at Leyden in but the edition of the Hague in

1647;

1695 is the best. - Ibid.

BONIFACE (Saint), called the apostle of Germany, was born at Crediton, in Devonshire, about the year 680, his real name being Wilfrid. He was educated at Exeter, and on entering into orders became a famous preacher, and a zealous missionary. With the view of converting the pagans he went to Rome, and received a commission from pope Gregory II. in 719. He then pro. ceeded into Bavaria and Thuringia, where he laboured with great success, and on his re.. turn to Rome was consecrated bishop of Germany, after which he resumed his mission, and in 732 received the title of archbishop, under the authority of which he founded several new churches, fixing his own residence at Mentz. In 746 he laid the foundation of the abbey of Fulda, but still his fervour in the cause of conversion continued as warm as ever, and he went into Friesland, where he was slain, with all his retinue, by the enraged Pagans, June 5. 755. His works were published in 1605, 4to. —— Dapan. Princes Worthies.

BONIFACIO (Balthasar), a learned writer, was born at Crema, in the Venetian terri

tory, in 1584. He was created doctor of laws, when only eighteen, at Padua, after which he became professor in that faculty in the college of Rovigo. Pope Urban VIII. made him archdeacon of Trevisa, and in 1636 he founded an academy at Padua for the sons of Venetian nobility, as he afterwards did another at Trevisa. In 1650 he was preferred to the bishopric of Capo d'Istria. He died in 1659. His works are 1. Historia Trevigiena, 4to. 2. Historia Ludicra, 4to. 3. Latin Poems, 12mo. 4. De Romanæ Historiæ Scriptoribus excerpta, 4to. Moreri.

BONIFACIO (John), an Italian lawyer, was born in 1547 at Rovigo and educated at Padua, where he wrote some dramatic pieces. He died at Padua in 1635. His works are 1. Storia Trevigiana, 4to.; and again at Venice in 1744, 4to. 2. Lettere Famigliari, 4to. 3. Orazione, per dirizzare una statua a Celio Ricchiero Rodigino, 4to. 4. Lezione sopra un sonetto del Petrarca, 4to. 5. L'arta de cenni, 4to. This is a piece on the art of instructing the deaf and dumb. 6. Discorso sopra la sua impresa nell' accademia Filarmonica. 7. La republica delle api, 4to. 8. Discorso del modo di ben formare a questo tempo una tragedia, 4to. 9. Commentario sopra la legge dell' senato Veneta, 4to.- Ibid.

BONJOUR (William), a French monk of the order of St. Augustine, was born at Toulouse in 1670. Pope Clement XI. sent him as a missionary to China, where he died in 1714. He published-1. Dissertatio de nomine patriarchi Josephi et Pharaone imposito, fol. 2. Selectæ Dissertationes in S. S. fol. 1705. 3. In monumenta Coptica, seu Ægyptiaca bibliothecæ Vaticanæ brevis exercitatio, fol. 4. Calendarium Romanum chronologorum. 1701. — - Ibid.

BONNEFONS, or BONEFONIUS (John), a poet, was born in 1554, at Clermont, in Auvergne, and died in 1614. His poems are appended to those of Beza, printed by Barbou at Paris in 1757, 12mo. There is also a London edition printed in 12mo, 1720. Dict. Hist.

BONNELL (James), a man of eminent piety, was the son of an English merchant who resided at Genoa, where this son was born in 1653, and brought to England in 1655. The fortune of the family having suffered considerably by their attachment to the royal cause, the elder Mr. Bonnell, at the Restoration, received the patent office of accomptant-general of Ireland, in which grant his son's life was included with his own. James Bonnell was educated first in Ireland, and next in a private school in Oxfordshire,

from whence he was removed to Catherinehall, Cambridge, where he took his master's degree in 1676. After this he became a travelling tutor, and on his father's death succeeded him as accomptant-general, the duties of which he discharged with scrupulous inte

grity. He was a man of amiable manners; devout without enthusiasm, and learned with out ostentation. He died at Dublin in 1699. Some of his meditations are in his Life, written by archdeacon Hamilton, besides which he improved a "Harmony of the Gospels," printed in 1705, 8vo.

BONNER (Edmund), an English prelate, was a peasant's son at Hanley in Worcestershire, and educated at Broadgate-hall, now Pembroke-college, Oxford, where he was created doctor of the canon law in 1525. For his readiness in business he was employed by cardinal Wolsey, who gave him several preferments. On the death of his patron, Bonner got into the favour of Henry VIII., who made him one of his chaplains, and sent him twice to Rome to further the divorce from queen Catherine. While there the last time, which was in 1533, Bonner acted with such vehemence that the pope threatened to throw him into a cauldron of boiling lead. In 1538, being then ambassador at Paris, he was nominated bishop of Hereford, but before his consecration he was translated to London in 1540. At the time of the king's death Bonner was ambassador to the emperor Charles V. He returned the same year, and refusing to take the oath of supremacy, was sent to prison, but on making his submission he obtained his release. For his negligence, however, in the discharge of his episcopal duties, he was imprisoned the second time and deprived of his bishopric. On the accession of Mary he was restored to his function, and through the whole of her reign showed a most sanguinary spirit, by bringing numbers of protestants to the stake; for which, when queen Elizabeth came to the throne, he was sent to the marshalsea prison, where he died in 1569. His body was interred in St. George's churchyard, Southwark. He was well skilled in the canon law, but his disposition was ferocious, so that it was well said of him, in allusion to his extreme corpulence, that "he had plenty of guts, but no bowels." Notwithstanding this, some Romish writers have attempted to palliate his cruelties, on the plea that he acted according to law! Several of his letters, declarations, and other pieces bearing his name, are to be found in different collections. - Biog. Brit. Burnet's Reformation, &c.

BONNET (Charles), a naturalist, was born at Geneva in 1720. He was intended for the law, but meeting with the Spectacle de la Nature of La Pluche, and Reaumur's Memoirs on Insects, he resolved to devote himself to the study of natural history. He so far complied, however, with his father's wishes as to take his doctor's degree, but afterwards relinquished the profession entirely. In 1744 he published his "Insectology," which met with the approbation of the public, and was commended by Jussieu.

In 1747 he commenced his treatise on the leaves of plants, the most original of all his works. This was followed by his "Essay on Psychology," a physiological and metaphysical treatise of great ingenuity, mixed with much hypothesis. In 1759 he published his " Analysis of the Mental Facul ties;" to which succeeded, in 1762, his "Considerations on organized Bodies." In 1764 came out his "Contemplations on Nature;" a performance intended to be popular, and therefore highly ornamented with fanciful embellishments. His last work was entitled Palingenesia, or Thoughts on the past and future State of Animal Beings. Bonnet was a member of the Royal Society of London, and of several other learned bodies. He died at Geneva in 1793. All his works were collected and published at Neuchatel in 9 vols. 4to.; and 18 vols. 8vo. ·Memoirs, printed at Berne, 1794.

BONNEVAL (Claudius Alexander de), count, commonly called Osman Bashaw, was descended of a noble family in France, and born in 1672. He embraced the military life at the age of sixteen, but soon quitted the French for the Imperial service, under prince Eugene. For some cause or other he was banished the empire, on which he offered his services to different powers, and being rejected he made a tender of them to the grand signior, by whom they were willingly accepted. A government was conferred on him with the rank of bashaw, and he commanded the Turkish army against the emperor, over whose forces he gained a victory near the Danube. Notwithstanding this he fell into disgrace, and was banished to the isle of Chio. The sultan, however, retained a regard for him, and afterwards appointed him capigi, or master of the ordnance, at Constantinople. He died in 1747. The count wrote his own memoirs, which have been translated into English, in 2 vols. 12mo.

BONONE (Carlo), an Italian painter, was born at Ferrara in 1569, and died in 1632. His style is mixed, partaking much of the Caracci, something of Paolo, and not a little of Corregio. His cabinet pictures possess extraordinary merit, and are highly finished. -Pilkington.

BONOSUS, bishop of Naissus in Dacia, or according to others of Sardica. In $91 be was condemned at the council of Capua for heresy, in maintaining that the Virgin Mary had other children besides Jesus Christ. He died in 410. — Mosheim.

BONTEMPI (Angelini, a musical writer, was a native of Perugia, and master of the chapel to the elector of Saxony. He wrote Nova quatuor vocibus componendi Metho dus, 1660; but his greatest work is the History of Music in Italian, printed at Perugia in 1695, folio. - Hawkins. Burney.

BONTEMS (Madame), an ingenious French lady, was born at Paris in 1718, and died in