15 and afterwards had a benefice fed about 1550. He frams, and a didactic = ended "Ferrarie," 8vo. the author of a moral De puerorum moribus," sted England, and with archbishop Cranmer, 2 Wire, and other great men. Bourbon, was much Greek and Latin poet. quet of rhetoric at the royal Langres, and a member of He ned in 1644, aged 70. ere printed at Paris in -Verer Aur John, lord Berners, was Isantrey Bourchier, who fell Edward IV. at the battle of ester, or John Bourchier, lord ng tea iving. The latter died ven the subject of this article was r

ars old. He was educated at

lege, Oxford, and afterwards tra

the Freaci surr the no rovement. In 1495 he super ebels of Cornwall and Devon; de Mans

i

arted as captain of the pioneers

Themouenue. The year fol

aande chancellor of the ez

d attended the king's sister, lady of a tire

France, on her marriage

L He was afterwards appointed Medica

where he died Presar's Curanrie into

2

apilation and He died in

, 12mo., and gone through published the in; The Hisols. 8vo.; The vols. 8vo.; and

1), a physician,
693. His con-

s ravaged by the rewarded with a ysician to a regis afterwards emrent places where ut, and which, by e prevented from rvices he was hoility, and the order d at Paris in 1768. ode indiquée contre ui vient de regner à ode à suivre dans le es maladies epidéis ordinairement dans 2mo. 3. A Memoir the Horned Cattle. ius, 4to. &c.-Dict.

statesman, was born Canterbury in 1566. Bene't-college, Cam› Middle Temple, after <to sir Richard Manthe exchequer, but left and went to Dublin. lady of fortune, who 1599, and bequeathed le now made some conlands, which exciting roprietors, particularly reasurer of Ireland, a ed against Mr. Boyle, of it, returned to Engbefore the queen. On t appeared that his eneid with him, and he was At length he obtained ed his cause so effectusent him back to Irerecommendation to sir lord president of Munim into his confidence, all occasions. In Deas dispatched to court victory gained over the eir Spanish auxiliaries, complished in a space of credible. On his return ed at the siege of Donch he married the daughFenton, by whom he had On his wedding-day he our of knighthood; in a privy-counsellor of the d; in 1616 created lori

event he married, and had two children, but lost his wife in 1731. By the friendship of Speaker Onslow, he was appointed printer of the votes of the House of Commons; and in 1736 he was chosen a member of the Society of Antiquaries. In 1742 he published a translation of Trapp's Lectures on Poetry, and two years afterwards another of Bleterie's Life of Julian. In 1750 he favoured the world with an edition of Kuster" de vero usu verborum mediorum," illustrated with notes. He also edited other valuable works in a similar manner, as Bladen's translation of Cæsar, and Montesquieu on the Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire. In 1751 he translated Rousseau's prize essay on the effects of the Arts and Sciences; and in 1753 he published a tract in vindication of the Jew Bill. On the death of Richardson in 1761 he was appointed printer to the Royal Society; and in 1763 he printed an excellent edition of the Greek testament, in 2 vols. 12mo. with conjectural emendations. Enlarged editions of these conjectures, without the text, have been repeatedly published. In 1766 Mr. Bowyer took his late apprentice, Mr. John Nichols, into partnership with him, which connection enabled him to withdraw from the laborious part of his business. The year following he was appointed printer of the Lords' journals, and the rolls of parliament, on which he removed his office from White-friars to Red Lion pas sage, Fleet-street. In 1771 he lost his second wife, by whom he had no issue; and the same year he printed an answer to Mr. Raper, on the value of the Greek and RoIn 1774 he published his "Essays on the origin of Printing;" of which a second and improved edition appeared two years afterwards. In 1777 he favoured the world with a new edition of Dr. Bentley's " Dissertation on the Epistles of Phalaris," with remarks. The same year he died, on the 18th of November, and was buried in the church of Low Layton, Essex. By his will, in which he bequeathed many legacies to esteemed friends, he left three thousand pounds to the Stationers' Company, the interest of which is to be divided for ever between three printers who have reached the age of sixty-three, for their respective lives. Besides this, he left one thousand pounds in the three per cents. reduced bank annuities, for the use of one journeyman compositor, who is a man of good life, and shall not have worked on a newspaper or magazine for four years before his nomination. He must also be able to read and construe Latin, and to read Greek with accents. The miscellaneous tracts of Mr. Bowyer were collected and published in one volume quarto, by his worthy successor, Mr. Nichols, who also compiled his Memoirs, of which three editions have been printed.

man money.

BOXHORN (Mark Zuerius), a learned

writer, was born at Bergen-op-Zoom in 1612, and died in 1653. His genius developed itself very early, and some of his greatest works were published before he had attained the age of twenty. In 1632 he was promoted to the professorship of eloquence at Leyden, and afterwards he succeeded Heinsius in the chair of politics and history. The principal of his numerous works are 1. Poemata, 12mo. 1629. 2. Historiæ Augustæ Scriptores, 4 vols. 12mo. 3. Theatrum, sive descriptio comitatus et Urbium Hollandiæ, 4to. 4. Respublica Leodiensium, 12mo. 5. Apologia pro navigationibus Hollandorum, 8vo. 6. Emblemata politica, et Dissertationes politica, 12mo. menta illustrium virorum, fol. 8. Historia obsidionis Bredanæ, fol. 9. De Typographica artis inventione et inventoribus, 4to. 10. Commentariolus de statu Foederatarum Provinciarum Belgii. 11. Disquisitiones politicæ. 12. Dissertatio de Græcæ, Romanæ, et Germanice Linguarum harmonia. 13. Historia Universalis sacra et profana, 4to. 14. Originum Gallicarum, 4to. 15. Chronologia sacra et profana, fol. - Moreri..

7. Monu

BOYCE (William), a musician, was born in London in 1710, and bred up in St. Paul's cathedral, under Dr. Greene, who at his death bequeathed him his manuscripts In 1736 he was appointed organist and composer to the chapel royal. In 1749 he was honoured with the degree of doctor in music, by the university of Cambridge, at the installation of the duke of Newcastle as chancellor of that university. His fame now increased by his compositions for the stage, and places of public amusement; but his reputation rests chiefly upon his ecclesiastical music. He died in 1779, and was interred in St. Paul's cathedral. - Burney's History of Music.

BOYD (Hugh), a writer, whose real name was Macaulay, which he changed to Boyd, in compliance with the will of his maternal grandfather, a gentleman of Ballycastle in Ireland. He was educated at Trinity-college, Dublin, and intended for the bar; but having dissipated his own and his wife's fortune, he went to Madras, and died there in 1794. An attempt has been made to prove that he was the author of the Letters of Junius; but the perusal of his political tracts, which, though collected in two vols. 8vo. are now forgotten, will sufficiently refute his claim to those celebrated productions. Gen. Biog. Dict.

Born (Mark Alexander), a Scotch writer, was born at Pinkill, in Ayrshire, in 1562 He was educated under the observation of his uncle, the archbishop of Glasgow, and afterwards went to France, where he led for some time a very irregular life; but having lost all his money by gaming, he resumed his studies with considerable advantage. In 1587 he entered into the French service, and was wounded in a skirmish; after which he

settled at Toulouse, and applied to the civil law; in which he profited so well as to write some tracts on the subject. On the taking of that city by the faction of the league, Boyd, who had been in the royal army, was thrown into prison, and narrowly escaped with his life. The interest of powerful friends procured him his liberty, and after travelling through several provinces he returned to his own country, where he died in 1601. His "Epistolæ Heroidum," and "Hymns," are inserted in the "Delicia Poetarum Scotorum," 2 vols. 12mo. 1637. Besides these Latin poems, which some of his countrymen have extravagantly praised, he left some manuscripts on legal and political subjects.-Life by Lord Hailes, 8vo. BOYDELL (John), lord mayor of London, was born at Stanton, in Shropshire, in 1719. His father was a land-surveyor, and intended him for the same profession, but by accident ally meeting with the print of an old castle, the youth conceived a strong desire to become an artist. Accordingly he articled himself to Toms, the engraver, for seven years, during which period he attended the academy in St. Martin's-lane to study drawing. In 1745 he published six small landscapes, which brought him some money. He afterwards designed and engraved many other views of places in and about London, the whole of which he subsequently collected, and published at the price of five guineas. At this time we had no good engravers, which induced Mr. Boydell to commence dealer, and in Woollet he found an artist deserving of encouragement. His discernment in this instance was rewarded by public approbation, and thus the art of engraving rose in this country to a pitch of unexampled perfection. In 1782 Mr. Boydell was chosen alderman of the ward of Cheap; in 1785 he served the office of sheriff, and in 1790 that of lord mayor. At this time his trade was very flourishing, and his capital in prints and paintings greater than that of any similar establishment in Europe. He was engaged in a splendid illustration of Shakspeare, and thereby gave employment to the first artists in the kingdom. The French revolution, however, blighted his designs, and he was obliged to apply to parliament for an act to dispose of his Shakspeare gallery, paintings and plates, by a lottery. This was in 1804, and the same year the alderman died at his house in Cheapside, leaving his business to his nephew Mr. Josiah Boydell, who succeeded also to his civic gown, but resigned it some time before his death, which happened in 1818. There are in Guildhall some fine paintings, which were presented to the corporation by the elder Mr. Boydell. - Gent. Mag.

BOYER (Abel), a grammarian and miscellaneous writer, was born at Castres, in France, in 1667. After finishing his studies at Geneva and Franeker, he visited England,

1729.

and subsisted by literary compilation and teaching the French language. He died in His French grammar, 12mo., and French dictionary in 4to. have gone through numerous editions. He also published the Political State of Great Britain; The History of King William, 3 vols. 8vo.; The Annals of Queen Anne, 11 vols. 8vo.; and other works.

--

Moreri. BOYER (John Baptist du), a physician, was born at Marseilles in 1693. His conduct when his native city was ravaged by the plague was such that he was rewarded with a pension, and appointed physician to a regiment of guards. He was afterwards employed with success at different places where an infectious fever broke out, and which, by his judicious treatment, he prevented from spreading. For these services he was honoured with letters of nobility, and the order of St. Michael. He died at Paris in 1768. His works are-1. Methode indiquée contre la maladie epidémique qui vient de regner à Beauvais, 4to. 2. Methode à suivre dans le traitement de differentes maladies epidémiques qui regnent le plus ordinairement dans la generalité de Paris, 12mo. 3. A Memoir on the disease among the Horned Cattle. 4. Codex Medicamentarius, 4to. &c. -Dict. Hist.

On

BOYLE (Richard), a statesman, was born of a good family at Canterbury in 1566. He was educated at Bene't-college, Cambridge, and next in the Middle Temple, after which he became clerk to sir Richard Manwood, chief baron of the exchequer, but left his employ in 1588 and went to Dublin. In 1595 he married a lady of fortune, who left him a widower in 1599, and bequeathed to him her estate. He now made some considerable purchases of lands, which exciting the envy of other proprietors, particularly sir Henry Wallop, treasurer of Ireland, a conspiracy was hatched against Mr. Boyle, who being apprised of it, returned to England to clear himself before the queen. his arrival, however, it appeared that his enemies were before-hand with him, and he was thrown into prison. At length he obtained a hearing, and pleaded his cause so effectually, that the queen sent him back to Ireland, with a special recommendation to sir George Carew, then lord president of Munster, who admitted him into his confidence, and consulted him on all occasions. In December, 1601, he was dispatched to court with the news of the victory gained over the Irish rebels and their Spanish auxiliaries, which journey he accomplished in a space of time that is almost incredible. On his return to Ireland he assisted at the siege of Donboy, soon after which he married the daughter of sir Geoffrey Fenton, by whom he had fifteen children. On his wedding-day he received the honour of knighthood; in 1612 he was sworn a privy-counsellor of the kingdom of Ireland; in 1616 created lori

Boyle; and in 1620 made earl of Cork. In 1629 he was appointed one of the lords justices of Ireland, and two years afterwards, constituted lord high treasurer of that kingdom, at which time, however, it was his misfortune to have some differences with the earl of Strafford, then lord deputy. On the breaking out of the Rebellion, he raised two troops of horse, which he put under the command of his sons lord Kinalmeaky, and lord Broghill, and in the battle which the English gained at Liscarrol, four of his sons were engaged, the eldest of whom was slain. The earl himself died in 1643, and on his tomb was engraved by his own direction, the sentence, "God's providence is mine inheritance. Biog. Brit.

BOYLE (Roger), earl of Orrery, fifth son of the preceding, was born in Ireland in 1621, and at the age of seven was created lord Broghill. Having finished his education at Trinity-college, Dublin, he went abroad, and on his return married the daughter of the earl of Suffolk. During the Irish rebellion he commanded a troop of horse in the forces raised by his father; but when the royal cause was ruined, and the king murdered, his lordship retired to his seat in Somersetshire, where he lived privately till 1649. Being, however, much affected by the state of affairs, he resolved to go abroad; and accordingly applied for leave to visit Spa, on the plea that this measure was necessary to his health. The committee of state soon penetrated into his real design, which was that of joining the exiled monarch, and, therefore, resolved to shut him up in the Tower. Cromwell being at this time nominated to the command in Ireland, diverted his colleagues from this resolution; and by his persuasion lord Broghill was induced to accept of a cominission under him, to act against the Irish rebels only. His conduct gave Cromwell such satisfaction, that, when he became protector, he made him one of his privy council. After the Restoration, which he zealously promoted, he was created earl of Orrery, and constituted one of the lords justices of Ireland. He died in 1679, leav ing two sons and five daughters. He wrote some controversial treatises against the Irish papists; Parthenissa, a romance; a Treatise on the Art of War; several Poems and Plays; and, long after his death, his State Letters were published in one volume, folio. Ibid.

BOYLE (Robert), a celebrated philosopher, was the seventh son, and fourteenth child, of the great earl of Cork, and born at Lismore, in the province of Munster, Jan. 25. 1626-7. In his childhood he met with a great misfortune by acquiring a habit of stuttering, the effect of imitating some other children. In 1635 he was sent to Eton-school, where he remained about four years, and was then taken to his father's seat at Stalbridge, in Dorsetshire, and placed under the instruction of

Mr. Douch, rector of that parish. His next removal was to Geneva, in company with his brother Francis, and under the care of Mr. Marcombes. From hence, at the expiration of twenty-one months, they proceeded through Switzerland into Italy, where Mr. Robert Boyle made himself a complete master of the language, and studied the works of Galileo, who happened to die during his residence at Florence. After visiting Rome, the two brothers passed through the county of Nice and came to Marseilles, where they received the intelligence of the Rebellion, and were much distressed for the want of remittances. With much difficulty, however, they raised money to defray their expenses to England, where, on their arrival in 1644, they were apprised of the death of their father, who left to his son Robert the manor of Stalbridge. Here our philosopher now settled, making excursions to London and Oxford, particularly the latter place, to enjoy the company of the learned men who had associated themselves into a society for the cultivation of natural knowledge. In 1652 Mr. Boyle went to Ireland to settle his estates, in which he would have been much embarrassed, had it not been for the friendship of sir William Petty. On his return in 1654 he settled at Oxford, and continued there till 1668, when he removed to the house of his sister, lady Ranelagh, in Pallmall. During his residence at Oxford he made a great number of philosophical experiments, and among the rest invented that admirable instrument the air-pump, which was perfected for him by Dr. Hook in 1678. But he did not confine his studies to philo. sophical pursuits, for he applied with as much diligence to the learned languages and theology, as though he had intended to make divinity his profession. It was, indeed, earnestly wished by many of his noble friends, particularly the great earl of Clarendon, that he would devote himself to the church; but to all their importunities on this head he returned a steady refusal, because he thought, that, as a layman of fortune, he should be able to do more service to religion, than by accepting preferment in the church; besides which, he had some doubts concerning the declaration of being inwardly called by the Holy Ghost. When the Royal Society was incorporated by charter in 1663, Mr. Boyle was appointed one of the council, but nothing could induce him to accept the office of president. The same year he published his "Considerations on the usefulness of Experimental Philosophy;" also his "Experiments upon Colours;" and his "Considerations on the Style of the Scriptures." In 1664 he was elected into the company of the royal mines, and the year following he published his "Occasional Reflections upon several Subjects;" which Swift, to his disgrace, ridiculed in his "Meditation upon a Broom

stick." His character was so highly esteemed at this time, that the king, unsolicited, nominated him to the provostship of Eton-college, which, however, he declined, for many reasons. In 1666 appeared his Origin of Forms and Qualities according to the Corpuscular Philosophy;" which work was followed by a great number of tracts on practical philosophy, besides his papers in the transactions of the Royal Society. Among the latter were two upon the incalescence of gold and mercury, which, with another on the degradation of gold, implied the belief of the author in the great arcanum of the old chemists. Mr. Boyle had been many years a director of the East India Company, to whom he rendered great assistance in procuring their charter, for which he only required, that they should endeavour to propagate Christianity in their settlements; towards which good work he was at the expense of printing the Gospels and Acts of the Apostles in the Malayan tongue, and with the same view he caused to be translated and printed in Arabic, Grotius "De Veritate Christian religionis." When Dr. Burnet was employed in compiling his great work, the History of the Reformation, Mr. Boyle sisted him materially in the progress of it, and contributed largely to the expense of its publication. Finding his health declining, he reigned his post of governor of the corporation for propagating the gospel in New England, and he even published an adverEsement, desiring to be excused from reGiving a multiplicity of visitors. A board

was likewise placed over his door with an inscription, signifying when he might be seen and conversed with. By this means he found time to complete the following works -i. Medicina Hydrostatica." 2. "The Christian Virtuoso." 3. ** Experimenta et observationes physicæ." On the 23d of December, 1691, he lost his beloved sister lady Ranelagh, and that day week he departed this life in the 65th year of his age. His remains were interred in the church of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, where bishop Burnet preached his funeral sermon on Eccles.

26. For God giveth to a man that is good in his sight, wisdom, knowledge, and joy." Mr. Boyle, in addition to the benefactions already noticed, gave seven hundred pounds for printing an edition of the Irish bibie, a liberal sum towards the Welsh bible, three hundred pounds to advance the propagation of the gospel in America, one hundred pounds for the like purpose in the East Indes, and lastly he founded a lecture for the defence of natural and revealed religion, wach has proved of inestimable benefit. He was never married; and it is remarkable, that, notwithstanding his incessant la bours in writing and making experiments, las constitution was very delicate, so as to astonish all who knew him, how he could accomplish so many things. Several of his

manuscripts were published after his death, and the whole of his works have been printed in 5 vols. folio, and 6 vols. 4to. They have also been abridged, first by Mr. Boulton, in 6 vols. 8vo., and again by Dr. Shaw, in 3 vols. 4to. Life, by Birch.

BOYLE (Charles), the second son of Roger, earl of Orrery, was born at Chelsea in 1676. He received his education at Christ-church, Oxford, under Dr. Atterbury, and while there engaged in a dispute with Dr. Bentley, on the epistles of Phalaris, a new edition of which was published by Mr. Boyle in 1695. In this edition, however, as well as the defence, he was materially assisted by his tutor. On leaving the university he was chosen member for Huntingdon, and by the death of his brother succeeded to the earldom. In 1709 he obtained the rank of major-general, and was sworn of the privy-council. During the treaty of Utrecht, he was envoy-extraordinary to the states of Flanders and Brabant, and on his return was created a British peer, by the title of lord Boyle, baron of Marston, in Somersetshire. At the accession of George I. he retired from court, and in 1722 was sent to the Tower on suspicion of treason, but after six months' confinement he was discharged. He died in 1731. Besides the works already mentioned, he wrote a comedy called "As you find it ;" a Copy of verses to Dr. Garth on his Dispensary; and a prologue to Southerne's " Siege of Capua.' The instrument called by his name was the invention of Mr. George Graham. - Biog. Brit.

BOYLE (John), earl of Cork and Orrery, was the only son of the last mentioned, by lady Elizabeth Cecil, daughter of John, earl of Exeter. He was born in 1707, and educated at Westminster-school, from whence he removed to Christ-church, Oxford. In 1728 he married the daughter of the earl of Orkney, but lost his lady in 1732, while residing at Cork, on which he returned to England and settled at Marston, which estate he greatly improved. In 1738 he married the only daughter of John Hamilton, esq., of Caledon, in the county of Tyrone. The next year he published his great grandfather's dramatic works in 2 vols. 8vo.; and in 1742 the State Letters of the same nobleman. In 1751 appeared his translation of Pliny's Letters, in 2 vols. 4to.; which was followed by his "Remarks on the Life and Writings of Swift," 8vo. 1753 he succeeded to the title of earl of Cork, and about this time he assisted Moore in his paper of "The World ;" and he afterwards contributed to the "Connoisseur." In 1754 he went to Italy, and while at Florence presented to the Academy Della Crusca, Dr. Johnson's English Dictionary. The next year he returned to England, and in 1758 sustained a great loss in the death of his countess; but taking refuge from grief in his study, he published the following year

In