prophets made their appearance, he joined them in all their extravagances, for which he stood in the pillory in 1707. He died at Worcester in 1753. Some of his papers are in the British Museum. Biog. Brit. FACUNDUS, bishop of Hermianum, in Africa, who defended the books called the Three Chapters, at the council of Constantinople, in 547, for which he was banished. He wrote some pieces which are extant, Dupin, Mosheim.

FAERNO (Gabriel), a Latin poet of the 16th century, was a native of Cremona. He wrote fables in a style of such purity, as brought upon him a charge of having stolen them from Phædrus. Perrault, however, defended him from this accusation. Faerno died at Rome in 1561. He left-1. Terentii Comœdiæ, 2 vols. 8vo. 1563. A very rare and valuable edition. 2. Ciceronis Orationes Philippicæ. 3. Centum Fabulæ ex antiquis authoribus delectæ, 4to. 4. Censura emendationum Livianarum Sigonii, &c. -Moreri.

FAGAN (Christopher Barthelemi), a French comic writer, who died in 1755, aged 53. His plays were printed in 4 vols. 12mo.

FAGIUS (Paul), one of the reformers, whose German name was Buchlein, was born at Rheinzabern in 1504. He received his edu. cation first at Heidelberg, and next at Strasburgh; after which he became a schoolmaster; but quitted that occupation for the ministry at Isne. When the plague broke out at that place, he remained, administering to the relief of the poor, after the town had been abandoned by the wealthier inhabitants. From thence he removed to Strasburg, and next to Heidelberg, where he obtained a professorship; but in 1549 he came to England with Bucer, on the invitation of Cranmer, who intended to settle them at Cambridge. Here Fagius died in 1550. By the most disgraceful bigotry, the body of Fagius was taken up at the accession of Mary, and burnt. His works are numerous, in German and Latin. Melchior Adam.

FAGNANI (Prosper), a canonist of great fame at Rome, who was successful in every cause that he undertook. He was secretary to several popes, and continued his business though he became blind at the age of fortyfour after which he compiled his Commentary on the Decretals, in 3 vols. folio. He died in 1678, aged eighty. Moreri.

FAGNANO (Julius Charles count), marquis of Toschi, a mathematician, was born at Senegaglia in the Roman state, about 1690, and died about 1760. His works were publish.

FAILLE (Germain de la), a topographer, was born in Languedoc in 1616. He became syndic of Toulouse; where he died in 1711. His Annales de la Ville de Toulouse were published in vols. fol. 1687-1701. He also wrote "Traité de la noblesse des Capitouls," 4to. ; and the life of Gondelin de Toulouse prefixed to that author's poems. Some of his own poems are in the Journal de Verdun. — Moreri.

FAIRFAX (Edward), an English poet, was the son of sir Thomas Fairfax, of Denton, in Yorkshire. He had a liberal education, but led a retired life at Fuyistone, his favourite seat, where he devoted himself to the muses; and died about 1632. He wrote a book on Demonology, in which he declares his belief in witchcraft, grounded on his own experi

ence.

But his great work is a translation of Tasso's poem of " Godfrey of Boulogne,” which was once very popular. - Biog. Brit.

FAIRFAX (Thomas, lord), was the eldest son of Ferdinando lord Fairfax, and born at Denton, in Yorkshire, in 1611. He studied at St. John's-college, Cambridge, but being of a martial disposition, entered early into the military service as a volunteer, under lord Vere, in Holland; whose daughter he married. At the breaking out of the civil wars, he took a decided part against the king; as his father also did, under whom he served till he obtained a principal command. He contributed to the victory of Naseby; and next went into the West of England, the whole of which he subdued. Cromwell, however, with whom he was associated, deceived him, and Fairfax, when too late, saw his error in pushing things to extremities. In 1647 he succeeded to the family estate and honours, but still continued in public em ployment under a government which he disapproved. He assisted, however, in the Res toration, and died at his seat in 1671. Lord Fairfax was an encourager of letters, and particularly of antiquarian researches. He

FANCOURT (Samuel), a dissenting minister, was born in the West of England in 1678. He became pastor of a congregation at Salisbury, from which he was dismissed for denying the Calvinistic doctrines. He then came to London, and established the first circulating library about 1740; in which, however, he had no encouragement; and died poor at Hoxton in 1768. He published several tracts on the divine prescience, and the liberty of the human will. Gent. Mag. FANSHAWE (Sir Richard), was born at Ware Park, in Hertfordshire, in 1608. He was educated at Jesus college, Cambridge, from whence he removed to the Inner Temple; after which he became secretary to the embassy at Madrid. In the civil wars he acted with loyalty, and was made prisoner at the battle of Worcester. On his release he retired into Yorkshire, where he translated the "Lusiad," of Camöens. In 1659 he went to Breda, where he was knighted by Charles II. After the restoration he went ambassador to Portugal, to negociate the marriage between his sovereign and the infanta Catharine. In 1664 he went to Spain in the same capacity, and died there in 1666. His body was sent home, and interred in Allsaint's church, Hertford. Besides his version of the Lusiad, he translated Guarini's "Pastor Fido," 4to. and wrote several pieces in prose and verse. In 1701 his correspondence was published in one volume octavo. His lady, who was the daughter of Sir John Harrison, left a manuscript, entitled "Memoirs of the Fanshawe Family," which has not yet been published. -Biog. Brit.

FANTONI (John), a physician, was born at Turin in 1675. He became teacher of anatomy at his native place, and also physician to the prince of Piedmont. When he died is not known. His works are -1. Dissertationes Anatomicæ. 2. Ana

tomica corporis humani ad usum Theatri Medici accommodata. 3. Dissertationes duæ de structura et usu duræ matris et lymphaticorum vasorum. 4. Dissertationes de Thermis Valderianis, Aquis Gratianis, Maurianensibus, 8vo, 1738. 5. Opuscula Medica et Physiologica. 6. Dissertationes Anatomica de Abdomine, 1745. 7. Commentariolum de aquis Vindoliensibus, &c. 1747. His father, John Baptist Fantoni, who died in 1692, was physician to Victor Amadeus, duke of Savoy. He left several manuscripts, which were published by his son in 1713. Rees's Cyclopædia.

FARDELLA (Michael Angelo), professor of natural history and astronomy at Padua, was born in Sicily in 1650, and died at Naples in 1718. He was the author of — 1. * Universæ Philosophiæ Systema, 12mo. 2. Universæ usualis Mathematicæ Theoria. 3. Animæ humanæ natura ab Augustino detecta, folio. Dict. Hist.

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FARE (Charles Augustus, marquis de la), was born at Valorze in 1644, and died in 1712. He was a captain in the French guards, and at the age of sixty began to write poetry. His memoirs, in 2 vols. are spirited and characteristic. — Ibid. FAREL (William), a protestant divine, was born at Gap, in Dauphiné, in 1489. He studied at Paris, but having embraced the reformed religion, he left France, and after visiting several parts of Germany and Switzerland, settled at Geneva, where he laboured with great zeal in establishing the Reformation. He was banished from thence in 1538, for refusing to submit to the synod of Berne. He then removed to Neufchatel, where he died in 1565. — Melchior Adam.

FARIA DE SOUSA (Emanuel), a Portuguese historian and poet, was born in 1590 of a noble family. On being disappointed of preferment in his own country, he went to the court of Madrid, where he entered into the service of Peter Alvarez Pereira, secretary of state, who procured him the order of Christ in Portugal. He afterwards went to Rome as secretary to the Spanish ambassador, whom he left in disgust; for which he was placed under confinement at Madrid, where he died in 1649. He wrote-1. Epitome de las historias Portugesas, 4to. 1628. 2. A collection of discourses, 2 vols. 12mo. S. Another of poems, 7 vols. 4. Commentarios sobra las Lusiadas de Luis de Camöens, 2 vols. fol. 5. Defensa o Informa tion por los Commentarios, &c. folio. 6. The Life of Don Martin Bapt. de Lanuza, 4to. 7. Asia Portuguesa, 3 vols. fol. 8. Europa Portuguesa, 2 vols. fol. 9. Africa Portuguesa, fol. 10. America Portuguesa. - Moreri.

FARINACCIO (Prosper), a learned lawyer, was born at Rome, in 1554; and died in 1618. His works were printed in 13 vols. folio, at Antwerp. Farinaccio once offended Pope Clement VIII., who said

of him, "The farina (flour) was excellent; but that the sack was good for nothing.' - Moreri.

FARINATO (Paul), an Italian painter and architect, was born at Verona in 1522. There is a picture by him in the church of Verona, not inferior to one of Paul Veronese, placed next to it. He died in 1606. — Pilkington. FARINELLI. See BROSCHI.

FARINGDON (Anthony), an English divine, was born at Sunning, in Berkshire, in 1596. He became fellow of Trinity-college, Oxford, in 1617; and in 1634 was presented to the vicarage of Bray, but was deprived of it in the civil wars. After this he was chosen minister of St. Mary Magdalen, Milkstreet, London. He died in 1658. His sermons were published in 3 vols. folio. Wood.

FARINGTON (George), an artist, was the son of the rev. William Farington, rector of Warrington, and vicar of Leigh in Lancashire, and born in 1754. He studied under his brother Joseph, one of the royal academicians; after which he applied to historical painting, with the aid of the late Mr. West. He obtained a silver medal in 1779; and in 1780 the gold one for the best picture, on the incantation scene in Macbeth. In 1782 he went to India, where he painted many large pictures, and died there in 1788.-Edwards's Anecdotes.

FARMER (Hugh), a dissenting divine, was born near Shrewsbury in 1714. He completed his academical studies under Dr. Doddridge, at Northampton, after which he became chaplain in the family of Mr. Coward at Walthamstow in Essex, where he also officiated to a small congregation, almost to the time of his death, which happened in 1787. His works are 1. "Enquiry into Christ's Temptation in the Wilderness," 8vo. 2. A Dissertation on Miracles, 8vo. 3. Essay on the Demoniacs of the New Testament, 8vo. This being attacked by Dr. Worthington, occasioned a reply in a series of letters, which were answered by the doctor. 4. The general prevalence of the Worship of Human Spirits, in the ancient heathen nations, 8vo. On this work Mr. John Fell published remarks, which provoked Mr. Farmer to retort in a very unbecoming manner. — Biog. Brit.

FARMER (Richard), a learned divine, was born at Leicester, in 1735. He was educated at the school of his native town, from whence he removed to Emanuel-college, Cambridge, where he took his bachelor's degree in 1757, and in 1760 that of master. In 1755 he served the office of junior proctor, and the year following published proposals for a History of Leicester, which he never completed, but gave the materials and plates to Mr. Nichols. In 1766 came out his "Essay on the Learning of Shakspeare;" in which he decided a question that had occasioned much difference of opinion

among critics. The next year he took his degree of B. D., and in 1775 was chosen master of his college. In 1776, being doctor in divinity, he served the office of vice-chancellor. In 1778 he was elected librarian of the university. In 1780 he became prebendary and chancellor of Lichfield; in 1782 prebendary of Canterbury: but, in 1788, he exchanged the latter preferment for a canonry of St. Paul's. He died at Emanuel-college, Sept. 8. 1797. — Nichols's Bowyer.

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FARNABY (Thomas), a schoolmaster, was born in London about 1575, and admitted a servitor of Merton-college in 1590. From thence he was drawn away by a Jesuit, whom he accompanied to Spain; but, being disgusted with his new connection, he escaped, and entered on board the English fleet; after which he served as a soldier in the Low Countries. On his return to England he kept a school at Martock, in Somersetshire, from whence he removed to London. In 1616 he was created M. A. at Cambridge, and, after conducting a seminary in London many years, he removed to Sevenoaks, in Kent, where he continued to board and educate young gentlemen. On the breaking out of the rebellion he was thrown into prison, as a person disaffected to parliament; and it was even debated to send him to America; which proposition, however, was rejected, and he regained his liberty. He died in 1647. He wrote commentaries on Juvenal, Persius, Seneca, Virgil, Martial, Lucan, and Ovid; also some valuable school-books, as "Index Rhetoricus ;" "Systema Grammaticum;" " Phraseologia Anglo-Latina, &c."-Biog. Brit.

FARNEWORTH (Ellis), an English divine, was born at Bonteshall, in Derbyshire, of which parish his father was rector. From Chesterfield school he went to Jesus'-college, Cambridge, where he took his master's degree in 1738. In 1762 he was presented to the rectory of Carsington, in his native county, but died the year following. He translated the Life of Pope Sixtus V. from the Italian, 1754, folio; Davila's History of the Civil Wars of France, in 1757, 4to; the works of Machiavel, 1761, 2 vols. 4to.; and Fleury's History of the Israelites, 12mo. · Nichols's Bowyer.

FARQUHAR (George), a comic writer, was the son of a clergyman, at Londonderry, in Ireland, and born there in 1678. In 1694 he was sent to Trinity college, Dublin; but, being of a volatile disposition, he quitted the university, and made his appearance on the stage. Having the misfortune to wound a brother player, by accidentally using a sword instead of a foil, he relinquished the profession of an actor, and went to London, where Lord Orrery gave him a lieutenant's commission in his regiment. In 1698 his comedy of "Love in a Bottle" was performed with applause; and, in 1700, he in

creased his reputation by "The Constant Couple; or a Trip to the Jubilee." In 1701 came out the comedy of "Sir Harry Wildair ;" and the next year he published his "Miscellanies, or collection of poems, letters, and essays." In 1703 he brought

out

"The Inconstant, or The Way to win him;" and the same year he married a lady, who had fallen in love with him, and gave herself out as a person of fortune, to accomplish her object. In 1704 appeared the farce of "The Stage Coach;" which was followed by the "Twin Rivals ;" and that by his comedy of "The Recruiting Officer." His last piece was the "Beaux Stratagem." He died in 1707.- Biog. Dram.

FARR (Samuel), a physician, was born at Taunton, in Somersetshire, in 1741, and educated at Warrington, from whence he removed to Edinburgh, and next to Leyden, where he took his doctor's degree. On his return to England he settled at Taunton, and died there in 1795. His works are 1. An Essay on the Virtues of Acids. 2. Aphorismi de Marasmo, ex summis medicis collecti, 12mo. 3. Inquiry into the propriety of blood-letting in consumption, 8vo. 4. The History of Epidemics, translated from Hippocrates, 4to. 5. The Elements of Medical Jurisprudence, 8vo. Gen. Biog. Dict.

FASTOLFF (John), a famous general, was born in Norfolk, about 1378. He distinguished himself in Ireland, and afterwards in France, as a statesman and a warrior; for which he was knighted in the field, and honoured with the garter. He was dangerously wounded at the battle of Azincourt, but recovered, and had the manor of Fritense, near Harfleur, settled on him for life. After a great variety of service, and many brilliant actions, he returned to England, where he died in 1459. On account of the similarity of names, some have ridiculously supposed that Shakspeare drew his character of Falstaff from this great commander, which would be doing as much injustice to the poet as the knight. Biog. Brit.

FAUCHET (Claude), a French antiquary, was born at Paris, in 1529, and died in 1601. He was historiographer to Henry IV., and wrote 1. Gaulish and French Antiquities. 2. A Treatise on the Liberties of the Gallican church. 3. On the origin of knights, heralds, and armorial bearings. 4. Origin of dignities and magistracies in France. Moreri.

FAUCHEUR (Michael le), a French protestant divine, who was greatly admired for his eloquence. The marquis de la Force said, after hearing him preach against duelling, "If a challenge were to be sent to me, I would refuse it." He died at Paris in 1657. He wrote a treatise on oratorical Action; Sermons; Christian Prayers and

Meditations; and a treatise on the Eucharist.- Moreri.

FAUR (Guy de), lord of Pibrac, was born at Toulouse in 1528. He became an advocate, and was sent by Charles IX. to the council of Trent, where he ably defended the liberties of the Gallican church. In 1565 he was appointed advocate-general in the parliament of Paris; and in 1570 he was made counsellor of state. He died in 1584. He wrote an Apology for the Massacre of Paris; and "Quatrains," or Moral Maxims, in French verse. — Ibid.

FAUSTUS, an English monk of the fifth century, who became abbot of a monastery in the Lerin islands, and afterwards bishop of Riez in Provence. In the controversy respecting grace he took the side of the SemiPelagians, and maintained the freedom of the human will. - Cave Hist. Lit.

FAVORINUS, a philosopher and orator, was born at Arles, in Gaul. He lived in the reign of Adrian, and taught at Athens and Rome with great reputation. He complied with the capricious humours of Adrian, saying, "Would you have me dispute with a man who can command thirty legions?" Many works have been ascribed to him, but none are extant. — Brucker.

FAVRE (Anthony), in Latin, Faber, a lawyer and poet, was born in 1557, at Bresse. He became governor of Savoy, and died in 1624. His works, chiefly on jurisprudence and civil law, form ten volumes, in folio. — Moreri.

FAWCETT (Benjamin), a dissenting minis ter, was born at Sleaford, in Lincolnshire, in 1715. He was educated under Dr. Doddridge, after which he became minister to a congregation at Taunton, from whence he was invited to Kidderminster; where he officiated till his death, in 1780. He published an abridgement of some of Baxter's large works, and a few pious tracts of his own. Orton's Letters.

FAWCETT (Sir William), a general, was born at Shipdenhall, in Yorkshire, in 1728. He served in the German war with great reputation, and was appointed aide-de-camp to the marquis of Granby. In 1772 he was promoted to the rank of colonel by brevet, and, in 1777, to that of major-general. The year following he succeeded to the adjutant-generalship; and in 1782 he was made lieutenant-general. In 1786 be received the order of the bath; and in 1796 the full rank of general. motion was to the governorship of Chelseacollege. He died in 1804. He translated "The Reveries of marshal Saxe," 4to; "Regulations for the Prussian cavalry and infantry;" to which he added, "The Prus sian Tactics." He also published the "Rules and Regulations for the formation, field exercise, and movements of his ma jesty's forces," 1792. — Gent. Mag.

His last pro