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HARE (Francis), a learned prelate, was born in London, and educated at Eton, whence he was elected to King's-college, Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship. One of his pupils was the marquis of Blandford, son of the duke of Marlborough, who made him chaplain-general to the army. 1708 he took his doctor's degree, and was preferred to the deanery of Worcester, which he exchanged in 1726 for that of St. Paul's. The next year he was made bishop of St. Asaph; from whence, in 1731, he was translated to Chichester. He died April 26. 1740. The bishop distinguished himself in the Bangorian controversy, against Hoadley; and he was also the author of a tract, entitled "The Difficulties and Discouragements which attend the Study of the Scriptures." His miscellaneous works were published in 4 vols. 8vo.; besides which he was the editor of "Terence," with notes, 4to.; and "The Book of Psalms in Hebrew," put into, what he called, the original metre. This metre, however, was refuted by Dr. Lowth, and the reputation of his Terence was ruined by Bentley, who had before addressed to him his "Remarks on Free Thinking." — Gen. Biog. Dict.

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HARLEY (Robert), earl of Oxford and Mortimer, was the son of sir Edward Harley, and born in London, Dec. 5. 1661. At the Revolution he was returned to the House of Commons for Tregony, in Cornwall; in 1690 he was chosen one of the commissioners for stating the public accounts, and, in 1694, was ordered to bring in a bill for the frequent meeting of parliaments. In 1702 he was chosen speaker, which office he held while secretary of state, but resigned the latter place in 1708. 1710 he was constituted one of the commissioners of the treasury, and chancellor of the exchequer. On the eighth of March, that year, he was stabbed by the marquis of Guiscard, a French papist, when under examination at the council-board. sassin died in prison; and Mr. Harley, on his recovery, received the congratulations of the House of Commons. The year following he was advanced to the peerage, and made lord high treasurer; which office he resigned a few days before the death of queen Anne, in 1714. The next year he was impeached by the House of Commons of high treason, and committed to the Tower, where he was kept two years, and then, after a public trial, was acquitted. He died May 21. 1724. Lord Oxford was a liberal encourager of literature, and a great collector of books. These were sold to Osborn, and the printed catalogue of them makes four volumes 8vo. The manuscripts are in the British Museum. His lordship wrote - 1.

A Letter to Swift for correcting and improving the English Tongue. 2. An Essay on Public Credit. 3. An Essay upon Loans. 4. A Vindication of the Rights of the Commons of England. Collins's Peerage.

HARMAR (John), a learned divine, was the son of Dr. John Harmar, warden of Winchester, who died in 1613. The son was born about 1594, at Churchdowne, in Gloucestershire, and educated at Winchesterschool, from whence he removed to Magdalencollege, Oxford, where he took his master's degree in 1617. He afterwards became master of the school at St. Alban's, and in 1650 was made Greek professor at Oxford. In 1659 he was presented to the rectory of Ewhurst, in Hampshire, but was deprived of that and his professorship at the Restoration. He died in 1670. He wrote Latin and Greek panegyrics, on Oliver Cromwell, Richard, his son, and Charles II. He also translated part of Butler's Hudibras into Latin. His chief publications are― 1. "Praxis Grammatica," 8vo. 2. "Janua Linguarum." 3. Lexicon Etymologicum Græcum, folio. Wood. Calamy.

HARMER (Thomas), a dissenting minister, was born at Norwich in 1715. He was educated under Mr. Eames, in London, and on completing his studies, settled with a small congregation at Wattesfield, in Suffolk. In 1764 he published "Observations on Divers Passages of Scripture, illustrated by the accounts of Travellers in the East. The favourable reception which this work met with, induced the author to go on with it, till he had published four volumes. also wrote "Outlines of a Commentary on Solomon's Song ;" "An Account of the Jewish Doctrine of the Resurrection of the Dead," &c. Mr. Harmer died suddenly in 1788.- Gent. Mag.

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HARPALUS, an astronomer of Greece, who flourished about 480 B. C. He corrected the cycle of eight years, invented by Cleostratus, and increased it to nine, in which he supposed that the sun and moon returned to the same point. Meton afterwards altered this cycle to nineteen years, now called the "Golden Number." Moreri.

HARPE (John Francis de la), a French writer, was born at Paris, Nov. 20. 1739. His father was an officer in the army, but died in poor circumstances; in consequence of which the son was taken into the college of Harcourt by the president, M. Asselin. Unfortunately, however, he lost the favour of his patron by a satire, of which he was suspected to be the author. After a confinement of some time he was set at liberty, but the disgrace made a strong impression on his mind. In 1763 he wrote his tragedy of "Warwick," which met with great success. This was followed by "Timoleon," and "Pharamond," which had less popularity. But his Eloges, particularly that on Henry IV., were much admired. In 1766 he

An Ode to Harmony. 2. An Ode to Discord. 3. The Witch of Wokey; a ballad in the old English style. 4. The Geometrical Analogy of the Doctrine of the Trinity. He was the father of the corporation of Bath, in which city he founded a musical club, called the Harmonic Society. Annual Biog.

HARRIOT (Thomas), a mathematician, was born at Oxford in 1560. He became a commoner of St. Mary-hall, where he took his degree of B. A. in 1579; after which he was taken into the family of sir Walter Raleigh, and assisted him in the study of the mathematics. In 1585 sir Walter sent him to Virginia, of which settlement he published an account. On his return to England he was patronised by the earl of Northumberland, who settled a pension on him of one hundred and twenty pounds a-year. Harriot died of a cancer in the lip, July 2. 1621. His "Artis Analytica Praxis" was printed after his death; and it is put beyond all doubt that Des Cartes stole from it, without acknowledgement, those improvements in algebra, which he published as his own. Harriot has been charged most unjustly with being a sceptic in religion. — Biog. Brit.

HARRIS (George), a civilian, was the son of Dr. John Harris, bishop of Landaff, who died in 1738. The son became a member of Oriel-college, Oxford, where he took his doctor's degree in 1750, at which time he was admitted into the college of advocates. He died April 19. 1796, leaving the bulk of his fortune to charitable uses. His works are-1. Observations on the English Language, 8vo. 2. D. Justiniani Institutionum, with an English translation, and notes, 4to. - Coote's Catalogue of Civil

ians.

HARRIS (James), a learned gentleman, was born at Salisbury, July 20. 1709, his mother being sister to the celebrated author of the Characteristics. He was educated at the grammar-school of his native city, and from thence went to Wadham-college, Oxford, after which he entered himself a student of Lincoln's-Inn. In 1744 he published "Three Treatises. The first concerning Art; the second concerning Music, Painting, and Poetry; the third concerning Happiness." The year after this Mr. Har ris married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of John Clarke, esq. of Sandford, in Somersetshire. By this union he had five children, of whom two daughters and a son, the present lord Malmesbury, survived him. 1751 he published another work entitled "Hermes, or a philosophical Enquiry concerning universal Grammar." In 1761 he was returned to parliament for the borough of Christ Church, which he continued to represent to his death. The next year he was appointed one of the lords of the admiralty, from which board he removed in 1763 to that of the treasury, where

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he remained till the change of ministry in 1765, when he went out of office. In 1774 he became secretary and comptroller to the late queen, who delighted much in his conversation. Mr. Harris published in 1775 his "Philosophical Arrangements;" which volume was followed by his "Philological Inquiries;" printed in 1780, but not published till after his death; an event that happened Dec. 22. 1780. All his works have been published by his son, in 2 vols. 4to., with a biographical memoir prefixed.

HARRIS (John), a learned writer, was born about 1667, and educated at St. John'scollege, Cambridge, where he took his master's degree in 1691, and that of doctor in divinity in 1698. He was first instituted to the rectory of Barming, in Kent, which he resigned for St. Mildred, Bread-street, London. He had also the perpetual curacy of Stroud, in Kent, and a prebend in Rochester-cathedral; notwithstanding which preferments, he died very poor, Sept. 7. 1719. His works are 1. Sermons preached at the Boyle's Lecture. 2. A Collection of Voyages and Travels, 2 vols. folio, 1704. This was afterwards improved by Dr. Campbell. 3. A Treatise on the Theory of the Earth. 4. A Treatise on Algebra. 5. A translation of Pardie on Geometry. 6. Astronomical Dialogues. 7. Lexicon Technicum; or a Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, 2 vols. folio, 1708; afterwards enlarged to 3 vols. This was the foundation of all our Cyclopædias. 8. A History of Kent, folio. Dr. Harris was secretary and vice-president of the Royal Society. — Rees's Cyclopædia.

HARRIS (Robert), a divine, was born at Broad Campden, in Gloucestershire, in 1578. He was educated at Magdalen-hall, Oxford, after which he had the living of Hanwell, in Oxfordshire; but in the Rebellion he joined the ruling powers, and became one of the reformers of the university; where he was admitted D. D. and president of Trinity-college. He died in 1658. His works were published in one volume, folio, 1654.- Wood.

HARRIS (Walter), a physician, was born at Gloucester about 1647, and educated at Winchester-school, from whence he removed to New-college, Oxford, where he obtained a fellowship, as being of the founder's kin. On embracing the Roman catholic religion, he resigned his fellowship and went to France, and there took his doctor's degree. He then returned to London, and, about the time of Oates's plot, renounced popery, in a pamphlet published in 1679. At the Revolution he was appointed physician to the king. He was also fellow of the college, and died about 1730. His works are1. Dissertationes Medica et Chirurgicæ, habitæ in amphitheatro regali. 2. Pharmacologia anti-empirica. 3. De morbis acutis infantium, 8vo. This was translat

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HALLER (Albert de), a physician, was born at Berne, Oct. 16. 1708. He was the son of Nicholas de Haller, an eminent advocate, who died when Albert was only thirteen years of age. He received his education partly at home, and partly at the public school of Berne; but in his sixteenth year he began the study of medicine at Tubingen, from whence he removed to Leyden. In 1727 he visited England; after which he went to Paris, but was obliged to leave that place for having dissected some dead bodies. On his return home he was appointed keeper of a public library at Berne; but soon after removed to Gottingen, where he was nominated to a professorship by George II., who procured for him letters of nobility from the emperor. On the death of Dillenius the university of Oxford offered Haller the botanical professorship; and at the same time the states of Holland invited him to the chair of anatomy; while the king of Prussia was desirous of having him as the successor of Maupertuis. All these offers he declined, and many other marks of distinction, equally flattering, from Russia and the principal sovereigns of Europe. After raising the medical school of Gottingen to a high reputation, and founding the academy of sciences, he resigned his professorship, and went to Berne, where he established the economical society and orphan hospital. He died Dec. 12. 1777. Baron Haller was not only a profound philosopher, physician, and botanist, but a man of general knowledge, and an admirable poet. The principal of his scientific works are- 1. Enumeratio methodica Stirpium Helvetiæ indigenarum, 3 vols. folio. 2. Iconum anatomicarum, fol. 3. Primæ Lineæ Physiologiæ in usum Prælectionum academicarum, 8vo. 4. Opus cula Botanica, 8vo. 5. Disputationes Chirurgica selectæ, 5 vols. 4to. 6. Elementa Physiologia Corporis Humani, 8 vols. 4to. 7. Opera anatomica minora, 3 vols. 4to. 8. Bibliotheca Botanica, 2 vols. 4to. 9. Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 2 vols. 4to. 10. Bibliotheca Anatomica, 2 vols. 4to. 11. Bibli. otheca Medicinæ Practica, 4 vols. 4to. His miscellaneous works are -1. A poem on the Alps. 2. Ethic Epistles. 3. Satires, Pastorals, and Elegies. 4. Letters to his Daughter on the Truth of the Christian Religion, which have been translated into English. 5. Letters against the Free-Thinkers. He was three times married, and left eight children, four sons and four daughters. His

eldest son, Gottlieb Emanuel Haller, became a member of the council of Berne, and died in 1786. He was the author of several works on the history of Switzerland, particularly one entitled "The Swiss Library," 6 vols. 8vo.; and another on Swiss Coins and Medals. - Henry's Memoirs of Haller.

HALLET (Joseph), a dissenting divine, was born in 1692, at Exeter, where his father was pastor of a respectable congregation. Joseph was educated under the learned Mr. James Pierce, his father's colleague; and, in 1713, was ordained, as associate in the same congregational charge. He succeeded his father in 1722, and died in 1744. Besides some tracts, he published three volumes of notes on difficult passages of Scripture. Gen. Biog. Dict.

HALLEY (Edmund), was born in London, in 1656. He received his education in St. Paul's school, and next at Queen's-college, Oxford, where he made so great a proficiency in his mathematical studies, that in 1676 he published observations on a spot in the sun, by which the motion of that body on its axis was determined. The same year he went to St. Helena, where he determined the position of 350 stars, which procured him the name of the Southern Tycho. On his return to England he was created master of arts, and chosen a fellow of the Royal Society; which learned body deputed him to go to Dantzic, to adjust a dispute between Hooke and Hevelius, respecting the proper glasses for astronomical purposes. In 1680 he made the tour of Europe with Mr. Nelson; and on the passage to Calais was the first to observe the great comet. After his return to England he turned his attention to the theory of the planetary motions, which brought him acquainted with Isaac Newton, who entrusted to him the publication of his Principia. To ascertain exactly the cause of the variation of the compass, he was made commander of a ship in 1698, and sent to the Western Ocean; but his crew being mutinous, he was obliged to return. The year following he sailed again, and proceeded as far south as the ice would permit; the result of which observations he published in a general chart.

Soon after this he was employed to observe the course of the tides in the Channel; and to make a correct chart of the same. Having accomplished this object, he went to make a survey of the coast of Dalmatia, for the emperor. In 1703 he was appointed Savilian professor of geometry at Oxford, and honoured with the degree of doctor of laws. In 1710 he published an edition of the works of Apollonius of Perga; and in 1719 was appointed astronomer royal. He was also chosen a foreign member of the French academy of sciences. Dr. Halley died at Greenwich, Jan. 14. 1741—2. lis astronomical tables were published in 1749. - Biog. Brit.

HALLIER (Francis), a French divine, was

born in 1595. He was a doctor and professor of the Sorbonne; and, in 1656, was made bishop of Cavaillon. No man stood higher in the estimation of Urban VIII., who wished much to have made him a cardinal, had he not been prevented by political interests. Hallier died in 1659. He was a great opponent of the Jansenists, and wrote "A Treatise on the Hierarchy," and another on Elections and Ordinations, fol.-Moreri. HALLIFAX (Samuel), an English prelate, was born at Mansfield, in Derbyshire, Jan. 18. 1733. He was educated at Jesus-college, Cambridge, where he obtained the chancellor's medal for classical learning. On taking his degrees in arts, he removed to a fellowship in Trinity-hall, and there completed his degrees in civil law, in 1761. In 1768 he was elected professor of Arabic; which chair he resigned in 1770, and was made regius professor of civil law. In 1775 he was created doctor in divinity by mandate, and soon after became master of the faculties in Doctor's Commons. In 1781 he was made bishop of Gloucester, from whence he was removed to St. Asaph in 1789. He died March 4. 1790. Besides several single sermons, he published — 1. An Analysis of the Roman Civil Law, 8vo. 2. Twelve Sermons on the Prophecies, 8vo. 3. An analysis of bishop Butler's Analogy, 4to. He was also the editor of Ogden's sermons. Nichols's Bowyer.

HALLOIX (Peter), a Jesuit, was born at Liege in 1572, and died in 1656. His works are 1. Anthologia Poetica, Greek and Latin, 12mo. 2. Illustrium ecclesiæ orientalis Scriptorum Vitæ et Documenta, 2 vols. folio.

Foppin's Bibl. Belg.

HALS (Francis), a painter, was born at Mechlin in 1584. He excelled in portrait, and was considered as next to Vandyke. That great artist went to Haerlem, where Hals resided, to pay him a visit, and was introduced as a traveller who wished to have his portrait painted. Hals hastened to perform the work, and began his labour without suspecting who sat before him. In a short time he had proceeded so far as to ask Vandyke to look at it; which he did, and replied, that he could do as well himself. Accord ingly, taking up the pallet and pencils, he made Hals sit down, and sketched his portrait, which Frank no sooner beheld than, starting up, he embraced his guest, and swore that he must be Vandyke. The latter would have brought him to England, but Hals, being contented with his friends and bottle, refused all the offers that were made him. He died in 1666. His brother, Dirk Hals, painted animals, merry-makings, and subjects of drollery. He died in 1656. Pilkington.

HALYBURTON (Thomas), a Scotch divine, was born at Aberdalgy, near Perth, in 1674. He was first educated in Holland, and, on his return to Scotland, became a student at

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St. Andrew's, where he obtained the professorship of divinity in 1710, but did not long enjoy it, dying there Sept. 23. 1712, works are I. The great Concern of Salvation. 2. Ten Sermons on the Lord's Supper. 3. Natural Religion insufficient; and Revealed necessary to Man's Happiness, 4to.-Life prefixed to his Works.

HAMBERGER (George Albert), a mathematician, was born at Beyerberg, in Franconia, in 1662. He studied first at Heilbron, next at Altorf, and lastly at Jena, where he took his degrees, and became professor of natural philosophy and mathematics. He wrote several books on optics, and other subjects. He died in 1726. His son and successor, George Edward Hamberger, quitted the professorship of mathematics for that of physic, which he held to his death, in 1755. He wrote 1. De Respiratione. 2. Elementa Physices. 3. Disputatio de Venæsectione. 4. Dissertation sur la mechanique des Secretions dans la corps humain. 5. Physiologia Medica. 6. Elementa Physiologia Medica. 7. Methodus medendi Morbos, &c. Moreri Rees.

HAMEL (John Baptiste du), a philosopher, was born at Vire, in Lower Normandy, in 1624. He studied at Caen and Paris with such diligence, that, at the age of eighteen, he wrote an explanation of Theodosius's Spherics. Soon after this he became a member of the congregation of the Oratory, but left it for the living of Neuilli upon the Marne; and when the Royal Academy of Sciences was established, he was appointed secretary. In 1678 appeared his Philosophia Vetus et Nova, 4 vols. 12mo., to which were afterwards added two more volumes. In 1697 he resigned his situation in the academy, to devote himself to theology. died at Paris, Aug. 6. 1706. Besides the above works he published-1. Regiæ Scientiarum Academiæ Historia, 4to. 2. Biblia Sacra Vulgatæ editionis, una cum selectis ex optimis quibusque interpretibus notis, prolegomenis, novis tabulis chronologicis et geographicis, &c.

Moreri.

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HAMEL DU MONCEAU (Henry Lewis du), a naturalist, was born at Paris in 1700. He became a member of the Academy of Sciences, to whom he communicated a number of papers on vegetable physiology. His separate works are - 1. Traité de la culture des Terres, 6 vols. 2. Elements of Agriculture, 2 vols. 3. A Treatise on the Cultivation of Madder, 4to. 4. Traité des Arbres et Arbustes qui se cultivent en France en pleine terre, 2 vols. 4to. 5. Physique des Arbres, 2 vols. 4to. 6. Des Semis et Plantations des Arbres, et de leur culture, 4to. 7. De l'exploitation des Bois, 2 vols. 4to. 8. Du transport, et de la conservation, et de la force du Bois, 4to. 9. A Treatise on the Art of refining Sugar, föl. 10. Another on the Preservation of Grain, 12mo. 11. Traité des Arbres fruitiers, 2 vols. 4to.