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and the Ceremonies of the Church, and for the removing of evil Counfellors from about him. Their grand Remonstrance they alfo prefented him, wherein were reckonup the Offences of the Courtiers, the unpleafing Refolves of fome Judges, the Neglects or Rigors of fome Minifters of State, the undigefted Sermons of fome Preachers, the Pofitions of fome Divines in the Schools; unpleafing Accidents they therein reprefented as Defigns of Tyranny and thofe Things which had been reformed, were yet mentioned as Burthens. To this Remonftrance his Majefty answered, That he thought he had given Satisfaction to the Peoples Fears and Jealoufies concerning Religion, Liberty, and Civil Interefts, by the Bill he had pafs'd this Parliament; defiring that Mifunderftandings might be removed on either Side, and that the bleeding Condition of Ireland might perfuade them to Unity, for the Relief of that unhappy Kingdom. But this modeft Anfwer of his Majefty's did not at all fatisfy the Factious. The Apprentices and Rabble in great Number and much Confufion reforted again to Westminster; fome crying out against Bishops and Liturgy of the Church; others boldly menacing, that the Militia fhould be taken out of the King's Hands; affronting the Bishops at their paffing in and out of the Lord's Houfe; and before Whitehall behaving themfelves very infolently. His Majefty hereupon took a Guard of fuch Gentlemen as offered their Service for his Safety; but the Factious made ufe of this to raife the Rage and Jealoufy of the whole City against the King; for at Midnight there were Out-cries made in the Streets, that all People fhould rife to their Defence, for

the King and his Papifts were 1641. coming to fire the City, and to cut their Throats in their Beds. The King therefore, not always to encourage thefe Indignities with his Patience, refolved by a Course of Juftice to punish the Authors. and Countenancers of these feditious Practices ; fo commanded his Attorney General to accufe Five Members of the Lower House of High Treafon, namely, Mr. Denzil Hollis, Sir Arthur Hazelrig, Mr. John Pym, Mr. John Hampden, and Mr. William Stroud; and the Lord Kimbolton, Earl of Manchefter, of the House of Peers. He alfo fent fome Officers to feal up their Trunks and Cabinets in their feveral Lodgings, and to fecure their Perfons. To this the Commons voted, That all thofe Perfons were Enemies to the Commonwealth, that fhould obey the King in any of his Commands concerning them; and it was lawful for any Perfon to affift the faid Members. And because the King came into the Houfe of Commons, and there demanded to have the Five Members delivered up to him (though he left his Guard of Penfioners, and Lords and Gentlemen, without upon the Stairs) the Commons voted this Proceeding of the King a Breach of the Privilege of Parliament; and withal published a Declaration, That whofoever fhould arreft any Member of Parliament by Warrant from the King only, was guilty of the Breach of Parliamentary Privileges; and likewife, That all they who attended the King when he came to demand the Five Members (then hid in the City) were Guilty of a Traiterous Design against the King and Parliament. The Londoners came thronging to Westminster in a tumultuous Sort, to petition for the Im

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1642. peached Members, behaving themfelves very rudely towards the Bishops. And fuch Increase and Numbers of the heady common People affembled in a tumultuous Manner about Whitehall and Weftminfler, that the King juftly miftrufting fome Danger from them, withdrew himself, with the Queen, and their Children, to Windfor. The next Day after which, the Five Members were triumphantly guarded from London to Westminster by Water. Strange Reports were in thefe Times given out concerning Dangers from the King; how that Troops of Papifts were gathered about Kingston upon Thames, under the Command of Colonel Lund ford, who was charactered to be of fo monflrous an Appetite, that he would eat Children, and other like falfe ridiculous Stories. Petitions were prefented to the Parliament, requiring that neither the Bishops nor Popish Lords fhould continue to vote amongst the Peers. Women alfo prefented a Petition to the like purpofe. The Houfe of Commons petitioned his Majesty, that they might have the Tower and London Militia put into their Hands; which he denied to grant. Yet did they place Major General Skippon over that Militia.

The King, in hopes to ftay the Fury of the Faction, confented to almost all that they defir'd. Howbeit, notwithstanding all his gracious Condefcenfions, Endeavours were ftill used to create an Hatred of his Majefly. Mr. John Pym publickly charged him with Connivance, at leatt, if not with Contrivance of the Irish Rebellion; and when the King requir'd Satisfaction for the Calumny, the Commons juftified Pym's Speech to be the Senfe of their Houfe. The Irish, Rebels indeed, to dithear ten the English from any Refiance,

boasted that the Queen was with their Army, that the King would come with auxiliary Forces, that they did but maintain his Caufe againft the Puritans, that they had the King's Commiffion for what they did, fhewing a Patent for this purpofe, but 'twas of their own drawing; to which they affixed an old Broad Seal that had been taken from an obfolete Patent out of Farnham Abbey by one Plunket, in the prefence of many of their Lords and Priefs, as was afterwards attefted by the Confeffion of many. And now the Breach, through bad Mens practices, growing still wider and wider, betwixt his Majefty and his two Houfes of Parliament, his Majelly refolved to withdraw into the North, there to abide till he faw what Iffue this Storm would have; taking with him the Prince, and Duke of York. The Queen he had before fent with the Princess of 0range, into Holland.

When the King was departed, the Parliament made Preparations both by Land and Sea, upon pretext of great Dangers at Home, and more prodigious Terrors from Abroad; pretending, that by Intelligence from Paris, Rome, and Venice, they were affured of great Designs to overthrow the Parliament, toge ther with the Proteftant Religion, and ftrange unheard of Plots, they faid, were made to murther the moft eminent Patriots.

In this Year the Parliament ordered, that all fuperftitious Pictures and Crofies, within Churches and without, fhould be pull'd down and defaced.

A. D. 1642, and April 23, the King, attended with his Guard, confifting for the most part of Lords and Gentlemen only, would have entred into his Town of Hull, but Sir John Hetham infolently shut the

Gates

Gates against him, and kept him out; whereupon the King proclaimed him Traitor, and complained to the Parliament of this Indignity; but they juftied Hotham's Act, and authorized him to ftrengthen the Garrison of Hull. In fhort time after this, England's Miferies commenc'd by an inteftine War. A little before which were ftrange Sights feen in the Air in many Parts of England, Mafqueteers, harneffed Men, and Horfemen, moving in Battle Array, and affaulting one the other in divers furious Poftures. The King and the two Houfes now began to make all the speedieft warlike Preparations to defend themselves, and offend each other; but the Two Houfes had a great Advantage of his Majefty, both in refpect of Monies, and the fpeedy raifing of Men, and alfo Arms and Ammunition for War of all Sorts, through their having the City of London on their Side, the Citizens whereof were very free in parting with their Plate upon the publick Faith; and their Wives were so zealous for the good Caufe (as that of the Two Houfes was then mifcalled) that they gave their very Bodkins and Thimbles towards the maintaining of it, and were forward to have Husbands and Children to venture their Lives in this Rebellion.

His Majefty in the mean Time to fecure himself and Rights, procures Arms and Ammunition out of Holland, upon Pawn of the Crown Jewels, and by Degrees raifeth a confiderable Army.

June 2, both Houfes of Parliament fent 19 Propofitions to the King's Majefty, for a Reconciliation of the Differences between his Majefty, and the faid Houfes, &c.

1. That the Lords and others of the King's Privy-Council, and fuch

great Officers and Minifters of 1642. State, might be put from his PrivyCouncil, and from thofe Offices and Employments, excepting fuch as both Houses fhould approve of, &c.

II. That the great Affairs of this Kingdom might not be concluded or tranfacted by the Advice of private Men, or by any unknown or unfworn Counsellors, but that fuch Matters as concern the Publick, and are proper for the High Court of Parliament, his Majefty's great and fupreme Council, might be debated, refolved, and tranfacted only in Parliament, &c.

III. That the Lord High Steward of England, Lord High Conftable, Lord Chancellor or Keeper of the Great Seal, Lord Treafurer, Lord Privy Seal, Earl Marshal, Lord Admiral, Warden of the Cinque Ports, Chief Governour of Ireland, Chancellor of the Exchequer, Master of the Wards, Secretaries of State, two Chief Juftices, and Chief Baron, may all be chofen with the Approbation of both Houses of Parliament, &c.

IV. That he or they, to whom the Government and Education of the King's Children fhall be committed, fhall be approved of by both Houfes of Parliament, and in the Intervals of Parliament, by the Affent of the major Part of the Council, &c.

V. That no Marriage fhall be concluded or treated for any of the King's Children, without the Confent of Parliament, under the Penalty of a Præmunire unto fuch as fhall fo conclude or treat any Marriage, as aforefaid, &c.

VI. That the Laws in Force against Jefuits, Priefts, and Popish Recufants, be ftrictly put in Execution, without any Toleration or Difpenfation to the contrary, &c.

VII. That the Votes of Popish Lords in the Houfe of Peers be taken away fo long as they continue Papifts, and the Children of Papifts be educated in the Proteftant Religion.

VIII. That fuch a Reformation be made in the Church Government and Liturgy, as the Parliament fhall advife, &'c.

IX. That his Majefty would reft fatisfied with that Courfe that the Parliament have appointed for ordering the Militia, until the fame fhould be further fettled by a Bill, &c.

X. That fuch Members of either Houfe of Parliament, as have duing this prefent Parliament been put out of any Place and Office, be either rellored to that Place and Office, or have Satisfaction for the fame, &c.

XI. That all Privy-Counfellers and Judges take an Oath for the maintaining of the Petition of Right, &c.

XII. That all the Judges, and all Officers placed by Approbation of both Houses of Parliament, may hold their Places, Quam diu bene fe gerint.

XIII. That the Juftice of Parliament might pafs upon all Delinquents, &c.

XIV. That the General Pardon offered by his Majefty might be granted, with fuch Exceptions as hould be advised by the Parlia

ment.

XV. That the Forts and Caftles of this Kingdom be put under the Command and Cuftody of fuch Perfons as his Majefty fhall appoint, with the Approbation of his Parlia. ment, &c.

XVI. That the extraordinary Guards, and military Forces then attending his Majelly, be removed and difcharged; and that for the

future he fhall raife no fuch Guards, or extraordinary Forces, but according to Law, in cafe of actual Rebellion or Invafion.

XVII. That his Majefty would be pleafed to enter into a more frict Alliance with the States of the United Provinces, and other Neigh bour Princes and States of the Proteftant Religion, for the Detence and Maintenance therec, againil all Defigns and Attempts of the Pope, and his Adherents, to fubvert and fupprefs it, &c.

XVIII. That his Majefly would be pleafed by A of Parliament to clear the Lord Kimbolton, and the Five Members of the House of Commons in fuch Manner, that future Parliaments may be fecured f.cm the Confequence of that evil Precedent.

XIX. That his Majefly we'd be gracioufly pleafed to pass a Bl for retraining Peers made hereafter from fitting or voting in Parlia ment, unless they be admitted thereunto with the Confent of both Houfes of Parliament.

To thefe Propofitions his Maiefty returned Anfwer, but not fadiffactory.

On August 22, 1642, did his Majefty fet up his Standard Royal at Nottingham, and after three Days fends a Meffage to the Parliament to propofe a Treaty. To which the Parliament anfwered, That until his Majefly fhall recall his Proclamations and Declarations of Treafons against the Earl of Effex, and themfeives, and Adherents, and that the King's Standard of War be taken down, they cannot, by the Fundamental Privilege of Parliament, give his Majefty a further Anfwer. The King replies, That he never intended to declare the Parliament Traitors, or fet up his Standard

gainst them; but if they fhall refolve to treat, either Party fhall revoke their Declarations againft all Parties as Traitors, and the fame Day to take down his Standard. To this they answered, That the Differences could not any ways be concluded, unless he would forfake his evil Counsellors, and return to his Parliament. And accordingly, September the 6th, they order and declare, that the Arms which they have taken up, or fhall take up, for the Parliament, Religion, Laws, and Liberties of the Kingdom, fhall not be laid down, until the King withdraw his Protection from fuch Perfons as are and fhall be declared Delinquents, and fhall leave them to Jeftice, to the End that their Eftates may difcharge the Debts, and Loan Money of the Commonwealth. So War was inevitable. His Majefty's General was the valiant Earl of Lindley; the Parliament's General was Robert Devereux Earl of Effex, and their Admiral the Earl of Warwick. The firft Blood that was fpilt in this unhappy War, was near unto Hall, whither fome of the King's Forces were drawn, upon whom Sir John Hotham and Sir John Mel drum fallied, taking fome, and kiling others.

September 9, 1642, the Earl of ex fet forth with his Army out London, and October 23, the Caaliers (fo called) which were the King's Party, and the Roundheads o called from the Cuftom of the Puritans cutting their Hair fhort to Their Ears) which were the Parliament's Party, met between Keinion and Edgehill in Warwickshire, and here engaged in Fight, which was acted with fuch Fury, that near 6000 were flain upon the Place. The King had fo much the better of the Day, as to keep the Field. Perfons Remark flain on his Majefty's

Side were the Earl of Lindfey, and 1642. Sir Edward Verney, Standard-bearer; and Mr. John Smith immediately recovered the Standard, for which Service he was Knighted in the Field. On the Parliament's Part were flain the Lord St. John of Bletfo, and Col. Effex. From this Fight at Edgehill the King marched to Banbury, which was furrendred to him; then entred Oxford triumphantly, and having fecured that Place, he advanced towards London, and at Brentford fell upon two Regiments of the Enemies, taking a bout 500 Prifoners. The Parlia ment, to increase their Numbers, declare, that all Apprentices that would lift themselves in their Service for the publick Caufe, thould be fecured from the Injury of their Masters, and their Time go on toward their Freedom; by which means Multitudes of Youth forfook their Mafters to fight for the Parliament. They alfo invited their Brethren the Scots (as they called them) to come into England to their Aid. And to animate the People to take up Arm's for the Parliament, fome bufy Clergymen made great (not good) Ufe of that facred Text in their Pulpits, Curfe se Meroz, &c. Judg. v. 23. but bleed be the Peace-makers, faith the Prince of Peace. About the Beginning of March, Commiffioners were appointed to meet at Oxford, in order to treat of a Reconciliation, when the two Houfes of Parliament humbly befought his Majefty (fo they worded it) gracioufly to accept and grant thefe moft humble Defires and Propofitions:

I. That his Majefty would be pleafed to disband his Armies, as they likewife would be ready to disband all their Forces, and that he would be pleafed to return to his Parliament.