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concerning Church Government, VIII. An A&t for the Education of the Children of Papifts by Proteftants.

which lay upon his Confcience; which to effect, Mr. Alexander Henderfon, a Minifter, the Oracle of the Kirk, was employed to converfe with him. But his Majefty's Parts were fo great, and Caufe fo good, that made all Mr. Henderfon's Attempts fuccefslefs. See the printed Papers of their Difputations.

Whilft thefe Things were acting at Newcastle, the Bargain was ftruck at London betwixt the Parliament and Scotch Commiffioners, and for 200,000 /. the Scots delivered the King up to the English Parliament. Yet to mafk their Perfidy, the Scots added this Caution, That there fhould be no Attempt made upon the King's Perfon, but being entertained at one of his own Palaces, he should be there treated with upon Propofitions from both Nations, which shall be speedily fent unto him.

July 24, were Nineteen Propofitions prefented to his Majefty from the Parliament for a fafe and wellgrounded Peace; the Heads of which Propofitions were as followeth.

I. That his Majefty call in his Declarations and Proclamations against the Parliaments of both Kingdoms.

II. That his Majefty fwear and fign the Covenant.

III. That he pafs a Bill for abolifhing Bishops.

IV. To confirm the fitting of the Affembly of Divines (which Affembly the Parliament had called to meet together, July 6th, 1643.)

V. That Religion be Reformed as the Parliament agree.

VI. That fuch Uniformity be paffed into Act.

VII. To pafs an A& against Popila Recufants.

IX. An Act for laying Penalties on Papifts.

X. An A&t for Prevention of Popifh Practices.

XI. And the like for the Kingdom of Scotland.

XII. An A&t for the due Obfervance of the Lord's Day, for preaching againft Pluralities, &c.

XIII. For fettling the Militia and Navy in the Parliament's Hands. XIV. For nulling all Honours conferred fince 1642.

XV. For confirming the Treaties, &c. paffed betwixt the two Kingdoms.

XVI. For exempting certain Perfons from Pardon, &c.

XVII. For making void the Ceffation of Ireland.

XVIII. For fettling the London Militia.

XIX. The Great Seal to be with the Commiffioners of Parliament, and all Acts by it to be made good.

These were fent to his Majefty to Newcastle.

February the 6th, the Scots left Newcastle, and marched homeward; and two Days after the King fet forward with the Parliament's Commiffioners for Holmby, attended with 900 Horfe. And now the Parliament, because they wanted others to quarrel withal, fell to quarrel amongst themselves, dividing into two Parties, Presbyteri ans and Independents, with Anabaptifts and the other Sectarists; for the Independents comprehended all the feveral Sects. The Presbyterians were then powerful in the Houfe, but the other in the Army, and were a fubtil and refolute People. The former of thefe Parties

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1646.

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1646. feeing themfelves in Danger of be-
ing fupplanted by the other, voted
in Parliament, to have Part of the
Army difbanded, another Part of
it fent over into Ireland towards
the reducing that Country, and the
remainder to be difpofed into feve-
ral Places of England, to keep the
Royalifts in Awe. This put the
Army into a Heat, who, to make
their Part fure, fent a Party of
Horfe, commanded by Cornet Joyce,
to feize upon the King's Perfon,
and to bring him from Holmby into
their own Quarter, which was
done, June 3, 1647. From Holm-
by they conveyed his Majefty to
Childerfley, and thence to New-
Market, the Grandees of the Army
pretending to him, how they were
grieved for his Imprifoment and
Sufferings, profeffing they would
never part with their Arms, till
they had made his Way to the
Throne (but it must be a Throne
in Heaven.) Oliver Cromwell the
Grand Grandee, to clear himself
from Diffimulation herein, 'tis faid,
did afterward pretend, that as he
was praying for a Bleffing from
God on his Undertaking, to re-
ftore the King to his priftine Ma-
jefty, his Tongue did cleave to the
Roof of his Mouth, that he could
-not speak one Word more, which
he took as a Return of Prayer, and
that God had rejected him from
being King. And the more to
palliate their evil Meanings, they
permitted him the Service of his
own Chaplains, which he had been
denied at Holmby, the Commerce of
Letters with the Queen, the Vifits
of his own Party, and Attendance
of his Courtiers. The Parliament
voted, that the General fhould
be required to deliver the King to
their Commiffioners, who were to
bring him to Richmond, to the End
that Propofitions of Peace might

be speedily prefented him. Here
upon the Army drew up Articles
againft Eleven of the Members
of the Commons Houfe, namely,
Mr. Denzil Hollis, Sir Philip Staple
ton, Sir William Lewis, Sir John
Clotworthy, Sir William Waller, Sir
John Maynard, Colonel Maley,
Colonel Long, Colonel Harley, Mr.
Glynn, and Mr. Anthony Nicholls.
Nor would the Army be satisfied
till the Houfe was purged of thefe
Members. Which being done, the
Army Party became fomething
prevalent, who voted that the Lo
don Militia fhould be taken out of
the Hands of the City, and trans-
ferr'd to others better affected to the
Army; and that it should be Trea
fon to feek for Subscriptions to Pe-
titions. Hereupon great Multitudes
of Apprentices and others, in a tu
multuous fort, reforted to the Par
liament-Houfe, and there kept the
Speaker in his Chair till this Vote
was pafs'd, That the King fhould
come to London to treat, and that
the City fhould have the ordering
of their own Militia. Fairfax un
derftanding this, haftes with his
Army to London, and at Houn
was met by the Speaker, and fuch
of the Members as fided with the
Army, who complained of the Vi
olence that was offered them. I
the mean while the Citizens and
Prefbyterian Part of the Parlia
ment made fome Preparations to
oppofe the Army; but upon t
General's Approach to the City, th
Gates were thrown open, and th
Army marched in Triumph tht.
the City, feized upon the To
difmantled the Fortifications, in
prifoned the Mayor, and divers
the chief Citizens, and committs
fome Noblemen to the Black-Ro

In September the Members at W minter fent Propofitions to his Al jefty then at Hampton-Court, whic

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were the fame in Subftance with thofe formerly offered, as, for the abolishing Epifcopacy; the Parliament to have the Difpofal of all great Offices of Truft, and Militia &c.

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About this Time the Parliament voted, That 6,000 Foot, and 2,400 Horfe and Dragoons should be fent into Ireland, and 18,000 Foot and 7,200 Horse, and 1,000 Dragoons, fhould be kept up as a ftanding Army for England, the reft of the Soldiers to be disbanded. The Army alfo, for the better carrying on of their Designs, about the fame time ~ elected out of every Regiment a certain Number of Soldiers to meet and confult, by the Name of Adju tators; which were a Military Common-Council, being two Commiffion Officers and two private Soldiers out of every Regiment, to confult for the Army's Good, to draw up their Grievances and prefent them to the General, and he to the Parliament, Thefe Oliver and his Affiftant Ireton encouraged as long as fuited their Defigns, and then laid them afide.

November the 6th, the Scotch Commiffioners fent a Letter to the Speaker of the Lower House, that the King might be admitted to a perfonal Treaty, at least that the Army might not remove him from Hamp ton-Court; but fome of the Army Otficers having informed his Majefty (on Defign to have him the furer at their Difpofe) that his Perfon was in fome hazard from the Adjutators and Levellers, he therefore with three of his most trufty Attendants, Sir Jobin Berkley, Mr. Afhburnham, and Colonel Legg, in the dark and tempetuous Night of November the 11th, efcaped from Hampton-Court, and after fome wandring, committed himself to Colonel Hammond, Governour of the Isle of Wight;

who conveyed him to Carisbrooke- 1646.
Cafle, the very Pit, 'tis faid, that
his Enemies had defigned for him;
for it was rumour'd above a Fort-
night before in the Army, that the
King fhould be in the Ifle of Wight:
And the very Night he departed
from Hampton-Court, the Centinels
were withdrawn from their ufual
Standings, on Purpose to facilitate
his Escape thence.

Whilt his Majefty was at Hamp
ton-Court, Propofitions (being the
fame with thofe at Newcastle) were
prefented to him by the Earls of
Pembroke and Lauderdale, Sir Charles
Erskin, Sir John Holland, Sir John
Cooke, Sir James Harrington, Mr.
Richard Brown, Mr. Hugb Kenedy,
and Mr. Robert Berkley, in the
Names of the Parliament of Eng-
land, and in Behalf of the King-
dom of Scotland.

From Carisbrooke-Cafile, his Majefty wrote a Letter to the Parliament, wherein he profefled he could not either; as a King or Chriftian, confent to the abolifhing of Epifcopacy, because he esteemed it to be Apoftolical, and at his Coronation was fworn to maintain it; yet he was willing Prefbytery fhould be fettled for Three Years, and that a free Debate fhould be had by fuch a Number of Divines, about the Settlement of ChurchGovernment for the future. And was willing alío that the Parliament fhould difpofe of the Militia, and fhould have the Choice of his PrivyCouncil by Grant of Patent from him during his Reign: Withal earneftly foliciting them to pity the languishing Condition of the Kingdom, and to come to a perfonal Treaty with him. After Three Days Debate, the Parliament fent Four Bills to his Majefty to be figned by him; but fo derogating they were from his Royalty, that the

Scotch

1648. Scotch Commiffioners declared against them, and the King refufed the figning of them. The Parliament thereupon voted, That no more Addreffes fhould be made to the King.

In the mean while Colonel Hammond had difmiffed the King's Servants, and used him more feverely than formerly, which occafioned Captain Burleigh to beat up the Drum for the King's Service and Freedom in the Ifle of Wight; but he was foon apprehended, and after ward executed.

A. D. 1648, the Parliament voted, That all they who would, not fubmit to the Power (meaning their ufurped Authority) fhould be expelled the Univerfity, and that all the College Rents fhould be payed to the Visitors by them appointed.

April the 9th and 10th, the London Boys made an Infurrection, feized the Magazine at Leadenhall, crying out for God and King Charles, but were quieted by Fairfax. Poyer, Langhorn, Powel, and Sir John Owen, took up Arms for the King in Wales, but Colonel Langhorn and Powel were defeated by Colonel Horton, and Sir John Owen by Major-General Mitton, and Pembroke. Caftle, kept by Colonel Poyer, was yielded to that Arch-Traytor Cromwell July the 13th, Powel, Poyer, and Langhorn, afterwards caft Lots for their Lives; and the Lot falling upon Poyer, he was fhot to Death.

April the 20th, the Duke of York, difguifed in Woman's Apparel, efcaped from St. James's, and pafs'd into Holland. Many were the Petitions that were now prefented to the Parliament for a perfonal Treaty, and for disbanding the Army; but the Surrey Petitioners, by Command of the Army Officers, and Parliament Men, were aflaulted at

the Parliament-Doors, and fome of them were killed, fome wounded, and moft of them plundered by the Soldiers. And now the Kentif Men, to the Number of 10,000, took up Arms for the King, and embodied themselves at Maidfont, where they made a gallant Refi ftance against General Fairfax for the Space of fix Hours; but his Veteran Soldiers at laft prevailed, taking many of them, and eight Pieces of Ordnance. June the zd, the old Lord Goring, Earl of Norvich, with 500 Men, croffed into Effex, and got into Colchester, whi ther the Country People flock'd unto him, alfo a Party from Londen, and the Lord Capel and Longborough out of Hertfordshire.

Some of the Navy alfo fall of from the Rulers at Westminfler, and fetting the levelling Admiral Rain borough on Shore, 17 Ships deliver ed themselves to the Prince of Wales.

The Earl of Holland alfo headed a Royal Party at Kingston upon Thames; but after a fhort, yet fmart Fight, his Party was difperfed, the Lord Francis Villers was flain, and many Prifoners of Note were taken July the 7th, and fhortly after the Earl of Holland himself was appre hended.

The Parliament of Scotland fent into England an Army under Duke Hamilton, in order to recover the King's Liberty, and to re-establ him on his Throne; but Anga the 17th, at Prefton in Lancajiri. the Scots Army of near 21,000, W2 totally routed by Oliver Cromw "Tis faid in this Day's Fight and the Purfuit, the English took more Pr foners than their own Army & mounted unto, and that was about 12,000. The Parliament lost here that daring Martialift Colonel Fran cis Thornhaigh. Shortly after the

Battle,

Battle, Duke Hamilton was taken Prifoner; and Cromwell, to improve this Succefs, followed the fcattered Parties into Scotland, where when he was come, there repaired to him the Earls of Argyl, Lowden, Leven, and other of the Scotch Covenanting Nobility, who contracted with him for fubduing the common Enemy, meaning the Loyal Party.

Colbefter, that had endured a tedious Siege, and was now brought to fuch Scarcity of Provifion, that they had not Horse-Flesh enough to ferve them one Day longer, and on it they had lived almost a Fortnight, Auguft the 27th yielded upon Articles; the private Soldiers to depart with Life, the Commanders to remain at the General's Difpofe, and the City to raise 14,000 7. to fave it from Plunder. Prisoners of Quality taken here, were the Lords Garing, Capel, and Loughborough, eleven Knights, twelve Colonels, eight Lieutenant-Colonels, nine Majors, thirty Captains, and fixty-five Gentlemen. Three of the Knights were presently condemned by a Council of War, two of whom, namely, Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lifle, were fhot to Death, dying as they had lived, with great Courage.

But whilst these Things were managed by the Army, the Parlianent was bufied with Petitions tom London and other Places for a 'erfonal Treaty. The Parliament herefore, contrary to the Humours of fome of their factious Members, repealed thofe Votes they formerly made for no more Addreffes to the King, and both Houfes voted a Treaty to be with the King in Homour, Freedom, and Safety. And September the 18th the Treaty began at Newport in the Ile of Wight, where his Majefty condeCended fo far unto the Parliament's

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Demands, (as, that Presbytery 1648. fhould be fettled for three Years, the Parliament fhould difpofe of the Militia, and fhould have the Choice of his Privy-Counsellors and great Officers of State, during the Term of his Life, &c.) that both Houses came to this Refolve, That the King's Conceffions were a fufficient Ground for Peace, But this did exceedingly inrage the factious Members and Commanders of the Army, who refolved to feize the King into their own Hands and Difpofe, which they did, removing him out of the Isle of Wight, and making him Prifoner in Hurft-Cafle.

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November the 30th, the Army then fell to purging the Parliament, apprehending forty Members thereof that were Perfons of the most known Integrity and highest Refolution, denying Admiffion to 150 more; and fuffering none to enter the Houfe, fave fuch whom they knew would ferve their Designs. Which Army Members revived thofe Votes, of no more Addreffes: to the King; the Votes for a Treaty with the King, and of the Satiffactoriness of his Conceffions, they rafed out of the Journal-Book. And then proceeded to vote, That the fupreme Authority of the Nation refided in themselves; That to raise Arms against the Peoples Reprefentatives or the Parliament, was High-Treafon; That the King himself took Arms against the Parliament, and fo was guilty of the Bloodfhed throughout the Civil War. And therefore this Fag-end of a Parliament are refolved to have his Majefty brought to his Tryal; in order thereto, giving their Commands for bringing him up to London and Jannary the 19th he was accordingly brought to St. James's. When the factious Members, whom the Army had

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