1650. Places; and in lieu of them the States Arms (being St. George's Crofs and the Harp) were fet up in Courts of Judicature.

Auguft the 22d, was Colonel Eufebius Andrews beheaded on Tower Hill, for receiving a Commiflion from his Majefty. In Scotland the English Army under Oliver having made themfelves Mafters of fome Garrisons on September the Firft, marched to Dunbar, whither the Scotch Army followed them, -and pent them up on a Neck of Land not a Mile and a half from Sea to Sea; great were the Streights of the English Army at that Time, many of the Soldiers being fick and difabled, and the whole Army shut up as it were in a Pound; but thefe Extremities, inftead of difheartning them, fet the greater Edge to their Courages, and refolv'd they were on September the 3d, 1650, either to force their Way through their Enemies, or nobly to die in the Attempt; to which End, a Par ty was fent to gain Cowper's Perthpass from the Scots; which being effected, the whole English Army charged, and after about an Hour's hot Engagement, the Scotch Horfe were routed, and thereupon the Foot threw down their Arins, and made the best Ufe they could of their Legs. In the Scots Army were this Day near 16,000 Foot, and 6,000 Horse, whereof 4,coo were flain, and near 10,000 taken Prifoners. The English Army were not above 7,500 Foot, and 3,500 Horfe, befides difabled Men. There were taken from the Scots in this - Fight 27 Field-pieces, 10,000 Arms, many Prifoners of Note, and near 200 Horfe and Foot Colours, which were afterwards hung up as Trophies in Westminster Hall.

September the 8th, the virtuous Princess Elizabeth died in her Con

October the 8th, fome Cavaliers took Arms in Norfolk, for which about Twenty of them were executed.

December the 24th, the ftrong Caftle of Edinburgh was yielded into the English Hands, tho' not without Sufpicion of fome Treachery.

January the 1ft, To begin the New-Year, the Scots crowned his Majefty at Scoon in Scotland, alter he had conceded to fome Kirk Conditions. A little before this time there were three different Parties in Scotland; David Lesley and his Army were for King and Kirk, the Marquis of Montrele and his Followers were for the King without the Kik; and Colonel Kerre, and Straughan, were for the Kirk without the King. Colonel Kerri's Party was routed, and himself ta ken Prifoner by Colonel Lamberts and Straughan and Swinton deferted the Kirk, complying with the Englib, for which the Kirk excommunicated them.

March the 4th, Sir Henry Hyde was beheaded before the Royal Echange, because being the King's Leaguer at Conftantinople, he had oppos'd Bendish, who was fent thither by the States of England.

The Quakers about this time frt appeared; one George Fox (called by them the Elder, there being an other of the fame Name of a later Date among them) was the origi nal Rife of them. Their beginning certainly was very prodigious, QVE.

being first taken with Swellings in their Bodies, as if ready to burst, with Shakings and Tremblings (thence called Quakers.) and many times committing ftrange ridiculous 16 Extravagancies.

4. D. 1651, March 29, was Captain Brown Babel, an expert Seaman, beheaded under the Scaffold on Tower bill, for taking part with his D Sovereign.

In Ireland, the Deputy thereof, Ireton, was very fuccessful against the Marquis of Ormond, the Lord Inchequin, Marquis Clinkard, Earl of Cafilehaven, and other the King's Friends, taking many Garrifons from them; the like did Oliver in Scotland from the King's Friends

there.

Howbeit, his Majefty hoping that now at length England might be favourable to his juft Caufe, he advances into England by the way of Carlile with about 16000 Men, bending his Courfe by a fwift March for the West of England; though it was hoped by his Friends he would have directed his Courfe or London. But Auguft the 23d, he King with his Army entered the City of Worcester, and Cromwell with all Hafte marched after him, y the Way joining with Fleetwood, Desborough, the Lord Grey of Greby, Lambert, Harrison, and the Militia Forces of feveral Counies; fo that his Army, when he as come to Worcester, could not mount to fewer than 80,000 Men. n Lancashire the Earl of Derby ad raised for the King near 1,500 Horfe and Foot, against whom Colonel Lilbourn marched, and routed them, taking many Perfons of Quality; the Earl of Derby imfelf with much ado efcaped to he King at Worcester, where on hat twice fatal, but once lucky Day, September the 3d, his Ma

jefty being furrounded by his Enemies, refolved to fally upon them with his whole Force, which accordingly he did; and at the first made the difloyal Party retire fomewhat diforderly, the King himfelf performing the Part of a valiant Soldier at the Head of his Horse. But at length his Army being overpowered by the numerous fresh Supplies of his Enemies, his Majefty's Side was put to the worst, his Horfe flying amain towards the North, and his Foot into Worcester, whither they were followed at the Heels by their Victors, who entred the City with them, which they plundered, killing and taking moft of the Scots Prifoners; thofe Horfe that fled were purfued, and great part of them taken; and the poor traggling Scots were either made Prifoners, or killed by the Country People. The Number of the King's Party flain were judged to be about 3000, and of Prifoners taken in the whole about 10,000, amongft which were Duke Hamilton, the Earls of Shrewsbury, Derby, Cleaveland, Lauderdale, Rotho, Carnwarth, and Killy, the Lord Synclair, Sir John Pakington, Sir Charles Cunningham, Sir Ralph Clare, Major-General Pif cotty, Major-General Montgomery, Colonel Graves, Mr. Farhaw the King's Secretary, the AdjutantGeneral, Marfhal-General, General of the Ordnance, together with 5 Colonels of Horfe, 13 of Foot, 17 Lieutenant-Colonels, 19 Majors, 109 Captains; there were aifo taken 158 Colours, the King's Standard, Coach and Hories, Collar of SS's, and Star-Cloak, with other Things of great Value. His Majefty, in his bicape, endeavoured to go for Scotland, but miffing his Way the first Night, was conducted by the Earl of Derby to a Houfe called

Q

Befcobel,

1652. Boscobel, inhabited by one Pendrel, a faithful Perfon, and feated in a fine Grove in Shroffhire, upon the Confines of Staffordshire. While he was here, his Majefty was obliged to keep out all Day in the Wood, to avoid the Search of the Parliament Soldiers, who frequently vifited the Place; where his Majefty with Colonel Carlis fat all Day in a large thick Oak. From hence he wander'd in Disguise, and after many Difappointments and providential Efcapes, he came at laft at Six Weeks End to Shoreham in Suffex, from whence he got Paffage, and in a fhort Time arrived fale at Frecam, near Havre de Grace in France, although his Foes had all that Time been making the ftricteft Search imaginable.

A little before this Fight at Worcester, divers Perfons, many of them Presbyterian Minifters, were feized on for holding Correfpondence with Charles Stuart (none might, as they loved their Lives and Ellates, call him King) and on Auguft the 22d, were two of them, namely, Mr. Chriftopher Love, Minifter, and Mr. Gibbons, beheaded on Tower-Hill.

The common Prifoners, Scotch and English, taken at Worcester, were fent up to London; and that they might no farther trouble the States of England, they were tranfported into foreign Plantations.

October the 15th, the Earl of Der by was beheaded, and Sir Timothy Fether fonbaugh died the fame Death alfo, for the fame Crime, viz. for honouring the King. In fhort time after the Fight of Worcester, the Mock-Parliament had the welcome News of reducing the Ifle of Man, the Barbadoes, the Ile of Jersey, and Cornet Cafile in Guernsey; but a little to allay their Tranfport, they

had the unwelcome News of the Death of their Admiral Popham, and Ireton their Deputy of Ireland; this laft died of the Plague under the Walls of Limerick, but was buried in great State in Weftminster-Abby.

All was now in a Calm at Home, and Scotland and Ireland both almoft fubjected to the English States; they therefore in this leifure Time judged it feasonable to vindicate themselves on the United Netherlands, for the Affronts done to their Ambaffadors. Oliver St. John and Walter Strickland, in Holland, and their encroaching on the Engli Merchants Trade, and flighting the English States, who proferred ftrict Amity and Alliance with them.

Hereupon they prohibited the importing any foreign Commedities, except upon English Bottoms, or fuch as were of the Country whence the Goods came, beginning withal to ftand high upon the Claim of Dues, and Reparations for the Prejudice done the English in the Trading; and when no Satisfacti on would be given, but the Dutch grew rather more lordly, calling into queftion the English Sovereigt ty in the narrow Seas, and refusing to give the English the Honour of the FLAG, the States of England refolved to beat them into better Manners. And in the Year 16;2, May 19, was the firft Sea fight between the States of England ard the Netherlands; the Fight continued about four Hours, till the Night parted them, without muci Caufe of boafting on either Part. that which was, the Engl had a Right to. Right to. But fho tly after this, Admiral Blake took twelve Da.. Men of War.

Auguft the 16th, Sir Georg Ayscough, with a Squadron of e ven Ships, charged through and

throug

through the Dutch Fleet, confifting of fixty Men of War, in which Encounter Captain Pack was flain. September the 5th, as the French Fleet who took Part with 1 the Dutch) were going to the Relief of Dunkirk, most of them were taken by Admiral Blake; and about the Conclufion of the fame Month, the Dutch were banged to Purpose by Blake, at a Place called the Kentish Keck, and were purfued by the English into their very Harbour. But in the Beginning of Winter, Blake was worsted by the Dutch in the Downs, lofing the Garland, Bonaventure, and two Merchantmen. Upon the 18th, 19th, and 20th Days of February, the two Fleets fought again, when the Dutch were forced to fly, the English taking fifty-two of the Merchantment they had in Convoy, and nine Men of War.

A. D. 1653, April the 20th Oliver Cromwell took upon him to put a Period to the fitting of thofe long-winded Members at Westminfrer, objecting to them when he came to difplace them, That they delayed, if not utterly neglected the redreffing of publick Grievances; that they defigned their own Intereft, and perpetuating themfelves, therefore they were to fit there no longer. Instead of thefe Members turned out of Doors, Oliver and his Officers conftituted a Council of State to rule the Common-wealth, though they refolved to rule the Council of State.

June the 2d, the English and Dutch Fleets engaged again in Fight, when at the very first Shot made by the Dutch, Admiral Richard Dean, was flain. June the 3d, the Fleets joyned again, and the Difpute was very hot and bloody, till at length the Dutch tacked about, and made hate to their own Coafts. Of the

Dutch were taken Prifoners 6 Cap- 1653. tains, 1350 others, 11 Men of War were taken, and 2 Hoys, 6 of their beft Ships were funk, and 2 blown up. Of the English were flain, befides Admiral Dean, one Captain and 120 others, but not one Ship loft or disabled.

Cromwell this while, with fome of the leading Officers of the Army, had made Choice of certain Perfons not above 150 for the three Nations, who were to have the Legiflative Power, and to be filed a Parliament. Thefe ParliamentGentlemen, and Soldiers of the new. fafhioned Election, met July the 4th, at Westminster, where they chofe Mr. Roufe for their Speaker: But not agreeing among themfelves (for about fixty of them contested hard for the taking away of Tithes from the Minifters as Antichriftian) they fairly re-delivered their Power into Oliver's Hands, December the 12th, after they had enacted a Law, That Juftices of the Peace, and not Minifters, fhould joyn Perfons together in facred Wedlock.

But while this cunning Thing called a Parliament was doing little, or little to the Purpofe, the active Dutch were again put forth to Sea, with about 120 Men of War, and before the Texel were encountred by the English, July the 29th; the Fight was vigorously maintained on both Parts, till the Dutch Admiral Van Trump, fighting in the midst of the English Fleet, was with a Mufquet-fhot hot into the left Pap, and flain out right, whereby the reft of their Fleet was fo difcouraged, that they made to the Texel as speedily as they could. The Dutch in this Fight loft thirty Men of War, and about 1200 of their Men were taken. The Engih had flain on their Part, Graves, Owen, Chapman, Newman, Taylor

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