B Papifts. 13. By directing the • Courts of Justice, ftopping the ufual Courfe, and commanding the Judges how they fhould proceed in Caufes that came before them; and by changing the Nature of the Judges Commiffions ad Vitam or Culpam, to bene Placito. 14. By granting Perfonal Protection for Civil-Debts contrary to Law. All which being Mifcarriages of King James, and direct y contrato the known Laws, Freedoms, ⚫ and Satutes of the Realm, the States of the Kingdom did find and declare, That the faid King James had forfeited the Crown, ⚫ and the Throne was become Va

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cant.

Therefore, in Regard his Royal Highness, then Prince of Orange, now King of England, whom it pleafed God to make the Glorious Inftrument of Delivering thefe Kingdoms from Popery and Arbitrary Power, by Advice of feveral Scottish Lords and Gentlemen then at Londan, did call the Elates to meet, in Order to make fuch an Ellablishment, that their Religion, Laws and Liberties, might not again be in Danger of being fubverted: The faid Eftates being accordingly affembled in a full and free Reprefentation of the Nation, taking into their moft ferious Confideration the beft Means for attaining the Ends aforefaid, did in the firit Place, as their Ancestors in like Cafes had ufually done for vindicating and afferting their Rights, declare, 1. That by the Law of Scotland, no Papift could be King or Queen of the Realm; nor that any Proteftant Succeffor could exercife the Regal Power till he had fworn the Coronation Oath. 2. That all Proclamations affèrting an Abfolute Power to annul and difable the Laws, in order to erect Popish Schools, Colleges of Jefuits and Mafs houfes,

and print Popish Books, was contrary to Law. 3. That taking the Children of Proteftants and fending them Abroad to be Educated in the Popish Religion; the founding Po pifh Schools, and beftowing Penfions on Popish Priests, and feducing Proteftants, is contrary to Law. 4. That difarming Proteftants and putting Papifts into Places of Truft, is illegal. 5. That impofing an Oath without Authority of Parliament. 6. Raifing Money without Consent of Parliament. 7. Officers exercifing the Place of Judges. 8. Impofing extraordinary Fines. 9. Imprifoning Perfons without fhewing Cause, 10. Profecuting Men upon Obfolete Laws. 11. Impofing Magiltrates upon Boroughs contrary to their Charters. 12. Directing the Judges in the ordinary Courfe of Justice. 13. Granting Personal Protections. 14. Forcing the Subjects to depofe against themfelves. 15. Ufing Torture without Evidence. 16. Sending an Army into the Country in time of Peace, and exacting Free-quarter. 17. Charging the Subjects with Law Boroughs, impofing Bonds: and fufpending Advocates for not appearing when Bonds were offered. 18. Putting Garrifons into private Mens Houfes in time of Peace, were all contrary to Law. 19. That the Opinions of the Lords of the Seffions in these two Cafes was illegal, viz. That the concerting the Demand of the Supply of a forefaulted Perfon, altho' not given, is Treafon. And, That it is Treafon to refuse to discover a Man's own private Thoughts or other Mens Actions in relation to Points of Treafon. 20. That fining the Hufband for his Wife's withdrawing from Church, was illegal. 21. That Prelacy and Superiority of Office in the Church above Prefbyters, is and has been a great Burthen to this Nation, who Reformed

from

A D. from Popery to Prefbytery. And 1689. therefore ought to be abolished. 22. That it is the Right of the Subject to protest for Remedy of Law to the King and Parliament against Sentences given by the Lords of the Seffions. 23. That it is the Right of the Subjects to petition the King, and all Profecutions for fuch Petitioning is contrary to Law. Therefore for the Redrefs of all thefe Grievances, and for preferving and ftrengthning the Laws, they claimed, That Parliaments be frequently called, and allowed to fit and debate with Freedom.

And then farther claimed and infifted upon all the Premifcs as their undoubted Rights; and that no Proceedings to the Prejudice of the People in any of the Premifes be drawn hereafter into Eample, but all Fines, Imprisonment, &c. be confidered, and the Parties redreffed. To which Demand of their Rights, they took themselves to be encouraged by the Prince's Declaration for Scotland in October laft. Therefore, having entire Confidence, that his Majesty King William would perfect their Deliverance, and preferve them from the Violation of their Rights, and all Attempts upon their Religion, Laws, and Liberties;

The faid States of the Kingdom of Scotland had refolved, That • William and Mary King and Queen of England, be declared King and Queen of Scotland, to hold the Crown during their Lives, and the longer Liver of them, and that the fole and full Exercife of the Power be in the faid King only in the Name of both. And after their Deceafe, the Crown to defcend to the Heirs of the Body of the faid Queen, and in want thereof, to the Princess Anne of • Denmark, and the Heirs of her Body, &c.

And then prayed the King and Queen to accept the fame accordingly. And prescribed the Form of the Oath of Allegiance.

Pursuant to this Declaration, the King and Queen were proclaimed at Edinburgh, on the 11th of April 1689.

We must now look back to Affairs without Doors, having for the fake of giving at once the Proceedings of the Convention, omitted what was tranfacting by the Enemy.

The Duke of Gordon, as we have faid, demanded 12 Days time to confider of the furrender of Ediaburgh Caftle, and declared at last that he would not furrender it at all; whereupon he was proclaimed by the Heralds at the Market-Crois, a Traytor and Rebel.

The Viscount Dundee meditating a War in King James's behalf, he'd a private Conference with the D.ke of Gordon at the Caftle Gate, and concerted Measures for executing his Purposes. Which the Conven tion having Notice of, fummoned him to appear before them; but he went off with 30 or 40 Horfe, and retired to Linlithgow. A Party of Horse was fent after him, and the Convention obliged the Earl of Mar, who was Governor of SterlingCofle, to repair immediately thi ther, to prevent Dundee's feizing that Fortress. The Duke of Gardon in the mean time pretended to capitulate, and fome Perfons were fent to him, but 'twas found to be all Amufement, and that nothing but Force would reduce him. There fore Orders were given to block up the Caftle; which was the fooner executed, becaufe on the 22d of March, he fent Word to the Magi firates of Edinburgh, that having received Advice of King Jam

fafe Arrival in Ireland, he found himfelf obliged to fire all his Cannon, but told them he would do the City no Harm.

His Majesty, in his timely Care for Scotland, had fent four Regiments of Foot, and one of Dragoons thither, under the Command of Major General Mackay, who now arrived; and on the 25th of March the Convention ordered them to be quartered at Leith and the Suburbs of Edinburgh. And the 28th gave a Commiffion to that General to be Commander in Chief of all the Forces.

On the 13th of April, a Proclamation was ordered to forbid any Body to own King James, or obey any Commiffions given out by him, occafion'd by fome Letters from the Lord Melford that were intercepted, wherein to encourage his Friends, he told them, the Eftates of the Rebels would recompenfe them for the Service they did King James; and by the Arrival of one Brady from Ireland, with Commiflions from that King. And for their better Defence, the Estates ordered four new Regiments of Foot, and ten Troops of Horfe to be raised. Garrifons were difpofed in the proper Caftles, and a Ship fent from Ireland, with 6000 Arms for the Rebels, was feized on the Weftern Coalt of Scotland.

And now Commiffioners were fent by the Convention to London, with a very dutiful Letter, and a Power to receive their Majefties Coronation Oaths. Accordingly, on the 11th of May, in the Banquetting Houfe at Whitehall, they prefented to his Majefty, the Letter; the Inftrument of Government; the Declaration of Grievances, and Claim of Right; and an Address for converting the Convention into a Parliament. All

which being read, his Majefly gave them a very gracious Antwer, and then both their Majefties took the Coronation Oath.

Duke Hamilton, on the 5th of June, acquainted the Convention in Scotland, that his Majefty had conftituted him his High Commiffioner, and impowered him to pass an Ac to turn the Convention into a Parliament, wherein the Lord Craw ford was appointed to prefide. An Act accordingly paffed the fame Day, and then the Parliament was prorogu'd to the 17th of June. At which Time being met again, they paffed an Act for abolishing Epifcopacy.

The Siege of Edinburgh Caftle was in the mean Time vigorously carried on, and the Place fo diftreffed, that on the 13th of June it was furrendred to Sir John Lanier, Dundee, with his few Followers, were all that now flood out: Several Skirmishes paffed beeween him and the King's Forces while he skulk'd in the Highlands. But receiving a Reinforcement of 300 Irish, he advanced with 6000 Foot and 100 Horie, to meet Lieut. Gen. Mackay, who had with him but 4000 Foot and 4 Troops of Horse. A Battle was fought on the 16th of July, wherein, after a long Engagement, Mackay was forced to retreat; but on the other Side, Dundee being killed, it may be called a Victory, fince by his Death the Party were fo broken, that from that Time they never made any notable Refiftance, but were defeated whereever they were met, and in a little time totally fuppreffed.

Thus having fhewn their Majefties quietly poffefs'd of England and Scotland, we muft pafs over to Ireland, where they found more Difficulty to oppofe the Refiftance.

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The Earl of Tyrconnel, who, as 1689. we have formerly faid, was fent over by King James as Lord Deputy of Ireland, had taken effectual Care to fecure all the Fortreffes and important Places. He difarm'd the Proteftants, and fo afflicted them, that they all fled into the Northern Province of Ulfter, where through the Neighbourhood of Scotland, the Proteftants had been always more numerous than in the other Parts of the Kingdom. That Province therefore upon the Revolution, declared for King William and Queen Mary, and flood upon their Defence againft the Deputy. In this Pofture Things ftood, when

King James on the 12th of March arrived in Ireland; he landed at Kinfale, and went immediately to Cork, where Tyrconnel receiv'd him. And on the 24th of the fame Month, made a triumphal Entrance into Dublin. Among the firft Bufineffes he tranfacted, he difplaced the Lord Granard and others from the Council, putting Papifts, and among the reft the Count d' Avaux in their rooms, and then made Tyrconnel a Duke. He published a Proclamation to call a Parliament to affemble at Dublin, May 7, and ordered the Forces he brought with him from France, which were Veteran Soldiers, commanded by experienced Officers, to march for wards.

The Proteftants at the fame Time formed themselves into as ftrong a Body as they could make, and pretended to keep the Field, but being routed at Drummore, they were forced to retreat to Faftnesses. And King James, on the other Hand, treated all the Proteftants in his Power with Severity, and refolved to march with an Army of 20,000 to reduce thofe that were in the ftrong Towns.

Londonderry, fituate in the North of Ireland, upon a River, which a little below the Town falls into a commodious Bay of the Sea, called Lough Foyle, was a Place of the best Strength of any the Proteftants pol feffed, and therefore timely taken Care of here, his Majesty having fent Colonel Dundee, in whom he had great Confidence, to be Governor of it, and with him fent good Store of Arms and Ammunition.

On the 13th of April they were alam'd by the Arrival of Mr Walker, a Clergyman in the County of Tyrone, who had raised a Regiment of Volunteers. That King James having taken Colraine and Kilmer, was drawing his Forces towards Londonderry.

Colonel Cuningham and Col. Richards, fent from England, arrived the 15th at Derry with their two Regiments, and on the 17th were called to a Council of War, where it was refolv'd, That Provifions being wanting, it was more advifeable to land the two Regimen's; and that the Place not being tenable againft a well appointed Army, the Officers fhould withdraw, and leave the Inhabitants to make a Capitula tion. This Refolution being difcovered by the People, put them into great Disorder, and the Governor durft not appear among them; but foon after got fecretly abroad, and with Cuningham and Richards, returned to England, where they were both cafhier'd.

Mr. Walker now with Major B4ker were chofen by the People to govern, who acted with fuch Bravery and Conftancy, that an ill fortified Town, with a Garrifon of raw undifciplin'd Men, with only 20 fmall Cannon, and Provifions for but ten Days, held out from the 20th of April, (when King Jr

with a large Army well provided and officer'd, invested it,) to the 30th of July, when they were at laft reliev'd, after having for a long time had no better Food than Horfeflesh, Dogs, Cats, and Vermin, and of them too only nine lean Horfes left. King James beeing to meet his Parliament at Dublin, left the Management of the Siege on the 29th of April, to Conrade de Rofe the French General, who fretting to fee himself thus oppofed, declared he would destroy all the Proteftants round the Country, if the Town continued to hold out, and in Effect drove a great Number of them under the Walls, to lie there and starve; but the Befieged erecting Gallows on the Walls, on which they protefted all the Prifoners they had fhould immediately be hanged, if thefe miferable People were not permitted to go off, he was at laft prevailed upon to let them go, and with them the Town found Means to let many of these useless Mouths to pass off alfo.

About the Middle of June, the Town fpy'd three Ships attempting to come up the River, but were hindred by the Enemy's Fire, and foon after they difcovered a Fleet of 30 Sail in the Lough, which they fuppofed came from England, but could not contrive a Way of getting Correfpondence with them. The Enemy guarded the River very ftrongly, and laid a ftrong Boom crofs it; however, one Man by fwimming got over, and informed the Befieged, that General Kirk with Arms and Provifions was come to their Relief. This encouraged them to undergo that miferable Famine they endured for a Month together. At laft on the 20th of July, General Kirk, refolving to relieve them or perifh, fent the Dartmouth Frigate, with two other

Ships to attempt to break the Boom, which after much Fire receiv'd from the Enemy they effected, and pat Provifions into the Town. With which the Enemy were fo difcouraged, that the next Day they broke up the Siege; and Mr. Walker (who now left his Military Exercife and put on his Gown) was fent immediately to London, with an Addrefs from the Town to the King, by whom he was bountifully rewarded.

Iniskilling, another Town in the North, was as notable in the Annoyance it gave the Enemy, as Derry was for its Defence. This Town on the 11th of March proclaimed King William and Queen Mary, and having chofen Guftavus Hamilton a Perfon of great Courage and Conduct, for their Governor, raised a Regiment of 12 Companies, which they put under his Command, and refus'd all Overtures that were made to them from King James. In the many Excurfions which they made upon the Enemy, they always remained Victors; and on the very Day that Londonderry was relieved, 2000 of them fought and routed 6000 Irish, and took Mackarty their Commander Prifoner; and not to mention many fmall Exploits, in September following, 2000 of them defeated 5000 Irish going to Sligo.

King James in the mean time was employed at Dublin, where he met his Parliament the 7th of May. His Majefty made a gracious Speech, wherein he omitted not to own the Obligations he had to the French King; and the next Day published a Declaration, expreffing an Affeicton to his Subjects, as well Proteftants as Catholicks, Lenity and great Mercy to thofe that had offended, Protection to the Church of England, and Liberty of Confcience to Diffenters, &c.

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