Augusta Trebocorum, see Argentoratum. Augusta Tricassiorum, St. Paul trois Chateaux, a town of France. Petrus Chevillot styled himself " Typographus regius" in a book printed by him here in the year 1615. AVGVSTA TRINOBANTVM, see LONDINVM. AVGVSTA VINDELICORVM, Augsburg, an ancient and fine city of Suabia, formerly imperial and episcopal; memorable amongst other things for the Confession of Faith presented in the year 1530 by Luther and Melancthon to the emperor Charles V. and which has ever since been known by the name of The Confession of Augsburg; a city well deserving to be remembered by every Protestant who understands the principles, and can appreciate the value, of the Religion which he professes and enjoys. Augsburg was furnished with the art of printing at a very early period; Gunther Zainer of Reutlingen having printed here Meditationes vite Domini nostri Jesu Christi, by Bonaventure, in the year 1468. La Serna Santander well observes, that Zainer has a double claim to our attention; as having been the introducer not only of typography into the city of Augsburg, but of the beautiful Roman letter into Germany, where no other than the black or Gothic had been seen until the publication of his Etymologia S. Isidori, in 1472. John Schuszler, a native, exercised the art for a short period, viz. from 1470 to 1472. Christmann Heyny, in 1471. John Baemler, (or Bamler,) in 1472. In 1472 a press was erected in the monastery of SS. Ulric and Afra, but no book issued from it before 1474 now remains. Anthony Sorg, who is supposed to have printed for the monastery, says of one of his books, that it is not "cyrographatus, sed stan"neis karacteribus artificialiter effigiatus." Among the Augsburg printers of the XVth century occurs Erhard Ratdolt, who had carried on the business at Venice in 1476, and seems to have entertained no mean opinion of his own abilities, as may be seen by his colophons, in which he styles himself, Vir solertissimus, imprimendi arte nominatissimus, artis impressorie magister apprimè famosus, perpolitus opifex, vir sub orbe notus, &c. &c. Augustodunum, Autun, an ancient and populous town of France in Burgundy, the see of a bishop, and formerly capital of a district. The art of printing was known and practised here in the year 1596. Augustoritum Pictonum, see Lemovices. Avilly, a small village of France, near Chantilly, distant about twenty-five miles from Paris. The well known Hebrew critic Houbigant had a country house here, in which he set up a printing-press for his amusement, and printed his Hebrew Psalter, in 1748, Proverbs, in 1763, &c. as also some publications in French. The Psalter, of which one hundred copies were struck off, bears the imprint Lugduni Batavorum. Aula Regia Monasterium, Konigshoven, a Cistercian monastery of considerable beauty and renown, in Bohemia, seated on the banks of the river Moldau. It was in ancient times celebrated for having the entire text of the Old and New Testaments painted on the interior of its walls, the letters being successively larger as they were nearer to the upper parts of the building. This curious monument, however, perished amid the inroads of the Hussites. (Æneæ Sylvii Hist. Bohem. cap. 36.) Konigshoven in fact has no claim to be mentioned in the present work; but I have inserted this notice of it with a view of preventing error, an assertion having recently appeared that typography was exercised in this monastery during the XVth century, and that an edition of the Dialogue called Malogranatum was printed here in the year 1487. It is true that there is such an edition of the book in question; but it is without any name of place or printer; and by the wording of its subjoined colophon the reader will clearly perceive, that, although an abbot of Konigshofen was its author, yet the edition was executed neither there nor in any other part of Bohemia. "Explicit dyalogus "dictus Malogranatum, compilatus a quodam venerabili abbate "monasterii Aule regie in Bohemia ordinis Cysterciensis. Anno dni 1487." The volume is a small folio; it may be seen in the Bodleian library. AVRACVM, or Burgum Auracense, Aurach, or Urach, a small town in the dominions of Wirtemburg. Mr. Horne mentions, from La Serna Santander, a work, Leben der Heilegen, in folio, printed here in 1481, by Conrad Fyner, a printer of Esslingen. For myself, I have observed no book bearing this im print of a date anterior to 1561. Le Long adduces an Hebrew Bible and Greek Testament, printed at Aurach in the year 1581; also the Latin Bible of Santes Pagninus, executed in the same year. AVRELIA, AVRELIACVM, or GANABVM, Orleans, an ancient, fine, and celebrated city of France; it is the see of a bishop, and has an university, founded in 1302. Only two books were known to Panzer to have been executed here in the XVth century; one of which bears date 1490, and the other 1500. The former is a French version of the Manipulus Curatorum; the printer, Matthew Vivian. In the middle of the following century Loys Rabier exercised the art at Orleans. Aurelia Allobrogum, see Geneva. Aureliopolis, qu? whether Orleans or Geneva? probably the latter. The Adversaria of Adrian Turnebus were printed here by Petrus Quercetanus, in the year 1604.-(Marsh's Library.) Aurillac, a considerable manufacturing town of France, in Upper Auvergne.—1704. Auristadium, (qu? Auerstadt, in the province of Thuringia?) Printing was very respectably executed in this town, by Petrus Aretinus, in the year 1648. Australasia, or Australia, in modern geography, the fifth great division of the globe; including New Holland, Van Dieman's land, and all those numerous islands situated to the south west of Asia. It is affirmed that the first book printed in New South Wales was James Busby on the cultivation of the Vine, 8vo. 1825, pp. 270: but of this there may be some doubt; as regular gazettes have been printed at Sydney for upwards of twenty years. AVSTRIÆ CIVITAS, not Vienna, but Cividad di Friuli, an ancient town of Italy, in the Venetian territory. Only two books of the XVth century from this town are known, one of which is Platyna de honestâ voluptate; the other, Cronica de S. Isidero minore; both of them bearing the date of 1480: the printer was Gerard de Flandriâ. The first of these curious specimens is contained in the Bodleian library, and both are in the rich collection of earl Spencer. Autissiodorum, or Antissiodorum, Auxerre, an ancient city of France, the capital of a department, and formerly a bishop's see. Printing was exercised here in the year 1580.-(1609, Bodl.) B. Bade en Argovie, Baden, a small town of Switzerland, capital of the district of Baden, in the canton of Argau. Within one mile of it are the celebrated hot-baths from which it takes its name. Some Poems by a blind girl, published for the benefit of the poor who frequent the baths, are announced to have been printed here in the year 1823. Bagnolet, an agreeable village of France, at the distance of one league from Paris. The cardinal du Perron erected here a private press in his own house in the year 1600, at which he was in the habit of printing limited editions of his works, for the inspection and correction of his friends before they were given to the world at large. Baieux, or Bayeux, a populous trading town of France in Lower Normandy, the see of a bishop, and celebrated for its fine cathedral. Printing was carried on here in 1696. Baltimore, the chief town of Baltimore county, in Maryland, North America. Printing was introduced into this city by Nicholas Hasselbocht, a pupil of Sauer of Germantown, not many years before the American war with Great Britain. He was well supplied with types for printing, both in the German and English languages; and is said to have meditated the publication of a German version of the Bible; a design, which, however, was never carried into execution. BAMBERGA, BABENBERGA, or GRAVIONARIVM, Bamberg, a celebrated city of Franconia, capital of a principality, and the see of a bishop: it has an university, originally founded in 1147, and enlarged and improved in 1739. There is no doubt that Bamberg was one of the earliest cities which received the art of printing, and indeed its just place seems to be immediately second to Mayence: for (not to mention the Bible of Schelhorn, which bears no date, but is supposed to have been executed in 1459,) there is remaining to us distinct evidence of a press established here so early as 1461 or 1462, by Albert Pfister, in a German Collection of Fables, dated 1461, a copy of which is said to be in the library of Wolfenbuttel; and also in a German book containing the histories of Joseph, Daniel, Judith, and Esther, which bears the imprint Bamberg, the name of Pfister, and the date 1462. See a detailed account of this ex tremely rare work, and of two others bound up in the same volume, (which is now in the royal library at Paris, having been purchased for one hundred louis d'ors, in 1799,) published by M. Camus, 4to. Paris, 1798. See also Bibliotheca Spenceriana, vol. i. p. 94. It is to be remarked that no other dated specimen of Bamberg printing occurs until the year 1481. Of Schelhorn's Bible M. Van Praet acquaints us with the existence of four perfect copies. John Sensenschmidt, who printed at Bamberg in 1481, dates one of his works, in Montis Monachorum loco penes nobilem urbem Babenbergensem: namely the Missale ordinis B. Benedicti, fol. 1481, which is supposed to be his earliest work. Sensenschmidt had previously followed the printing business at Nuremburg. Bar-le-Duc, a considerable town of France, formerly the capital of a duchy during the heat of the French revolution its name was changed to Bar-sur-Ornain.-1739. Baranovia, Baranow, a castle of Lesser Poland, in the palatinate of Sendomir. The members of the reformed church had a printing-press here in 1628. Barbastro, often called Balbastro, an episcopal town of Spain, in the province of Arragon. The only instance of printing at this town which I have met with, is a Collection of Spanish Homilies on the days of Lent, published by directions of Philibert Grand prior of Castille and Leon, in folio, which bears for imprint, Impressas in la ciudad de Barbastro, por Sebastian Matevad. Año. 1622. (TCD.) Barbium, Barby, a town of Upper Saxony, possessing a college founded, in 1754, by the Unitas Fratrum.—1766. BARCHINO, BARCINO, or BARXINO, Barcelona, a large, commercial, and strong city of Spain, the capital of Catalonia, and a bishop's see; it has an university, founded in 1440. Barcelona is the second in order of the Spanish towns which adopted the art of printing. A work entitled, Valesci Tarentini opus de Epidemiá et Peste, translated into the Catalonian dialect, is given on the authority of Nicolas Antonio as the first book executed at this place. Its date is 1475, but the name of the printer is not mentioned: the first who occur being Petrus Brunus and Nicholaus Spindeler, both Germans, whose names appear on an edition of Thomas Aquinas, |