and humour. Miss Austen delighted in playgoing, concerned herself greatly about the fashions, loved balls, and chronicled her social triumphs. Without any uncomfortable enthusiasms or restless discontents, she lived the life of a young gentlewoman of the day among her ancient pensioners or in her flower-garden, busied with her housekeeping cares, sharing in the simple gaieties of her society, contented with her sober existence. She was probably too fond of quizzing to be universally popular. Some of her comments on her acquaintances, such as that on Mrs. Blount," with the same broad face, diamond bandeau, white shoes, pink husband, and fat neck," are excellent. When she speaks of a young lady who "cuts her hair too short over her forehead," or of Miss Debary wearing a "pot hat" (sic), we seem suddenly transported among the girls of the period. Literary allusions are few. The references to her own works are interesting, but those to the writings of rival authors are rare and meagre. The charm of these letters is that they are eminently characteristic of their writer; in them are gathered the materials of those exquisite miniatures of social life which make her unrivalled in domestic fiction. Can any reader of "N. & Q." explain why a thinly attended ball is "hardly so large as an Oxford

smack"?

On Tuscan Hills and Venetian Waters. By Linda
Villari. (Fisher Unwin.)

we have here an "Ann Askew" and a "Reginald Heber ";
we find a "Shakshaft," though not a Shakspeare; we
have a "Tunstall," though not bearing the Christian
name of Cuthbert; and the "great Jennings cause
may find more than one "Jennings." A goodly array
of Marshalls" may find a niche in future collections
of "Marescalliana"; while the various Shirburns,
Townleys, Fleetwoods, Flemings, and other character-
istic Lancashire names will reward the research of those
who have Lancashire men for their fathers or Lancashire
"witches" for their mothers.
Scientific Papers and Addresses. By George Rolleston,
M.D., F.R.S., Linacre Professor of Anatomy and
THESE volumes contain a selection of the most important
Physiology. 2 vols. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.)
of the numerous and valuable essays contributed by the
late Prof. Rolleston to the Transactions of various learned
societies and to scientific journals. The papers have been
arranged and edited by Prof. Turner, of Edinburgh, and
the author prepared by Dr. E. B. Tylor, Keeper of the
are preceded by an interesting biographical sketch of
Museum, Oxford. The Chair of Anatomy and Physio-
logy, known as the Linacre Professorship, was founded
in 1860, and Dr. Rolleston was elected its first occupant.
As such he was for twenty years a prominent figure in
Oxford, whilst his writings (of which a complete list is
here given) gained him a world-wide reputation, both
in his own profession and in natural science generally.
Owing to failing health, induced by over strain of the
powers of life, he spent the winter of 1880-1 on the
shores of the Mediterranean; the revival, however, was
but temporary, and shortly after his return he died on
June 16, 1881, before completing his fifty-second year.
It is beyond our province to attempt any account of the
scientific papers and addresses before us, the reprinting
of which is certain to be appreciated by a large circle of
readers. It must suffice to say that they are carefully
edited, and have been arranged in the following sections:
many important anthropological memoirs; (2) Zoology,
(1) Anatomy and Physiology, in which are included
including his memoirs on archæo-zoology; (3) Archæo
logy; (4) Addresses and Miscellaneous Papers.
A True Report of Certain Wonderful Overflowings of
Waters in Somerset, Norfolk, and other Parts of
England, A.D. 1667. Edited by Ernest E. Baker,
(Weston-super-Mare, Yates.)

THIS is a charming_volume. The word painting is
thoroughly artistic. Bright and lively, never overdone
and never tame, it enables the reader to transport him-
self out of the bleakness of an English autumn among
the pomegranates and lemon trees, the orangeries and
rose-festooned cypresses of Tuscany. Nor is the book
entirely composed of natural description. It is a pleasant
medley of scenery, history, architecture, antiquarianism,
and rural life. The illustrations are excellently engraved;
the paper and the type leave nothing to be desired.
The Gentleman's Magazine Library. Edited by George
Laurence Gomme, F.S.A.- Popular Superstitions.
(Stock.)
THE third volume of this interesting series deals with
the superstitious customs which are attached to certain
days and seasons, with popular superstitions of various
kinds, and, at some length, with witchcraft. It is thus,
to some extent, a sequel to the previous volume. Among
the miscellaneous superstitions treated of at full length are
"The Luck of Edenhall," "Second Sight," "Touching for A VERY rare and interesting black-letter tract concern-
the King's Evil," and that very curious theme "Mine-ing one of the worst of the floods with which England
Knockers." 46 Thirteen at Table " and " Hair of the same in earlier days was periodically ravaged has been issued
Dog" are also discussed. The latter is, however, a mere by Mr. Baker. The volume thus constituted has biblio-
question, to which no answer is forthcoming. In the list of graphical, literary, and antiquarian value, and is a de-
contributors appears Mr. W. J. Thoms, clarum et venerabile sirable possession. One or two of its pages, including
nomen, the bearer of which is, it is to be hoped, destined the quaint title-page, are reproduced in facsimile, and
to live to confute his own famous heresy; Dr. Pegge, the orthography and punctuation are religiously pre-
who signs "T. Rowe "; Thomas Wright; Cuthbert Bede, served. The sorrows of Master Smith at the Swan,
and many others with whom our readers are familiar. Wentford, Beds, whose horses were all drowned, or
The name of Mr. Gomme, who is editor, is a guarantee Master Lee at the Freers, in Bedford, whose close of
for the thoroughness of the work. The series augments conies was clean destroyed, and so forth, are well told,
in interest with each succeeding volume.
and the picture of general wreck and misery is striking.
Such passages as the following abound :-"Item, a great
Hulk loden with Oyle and Pitch was lost at Worry Sand,
and about xx. men lost thereon, and xxx. saved by the
Hulk boat."

A List of Lancashire Wills proved in the Archdeaconry of Richmond, 1457-1680, with Abstracts of Lancashire Wills, 1631-1652, now in the British Museum. Edited by Lieut-Col. Fishwick, F.S.A. (Record Society of

Lancashire and Cheshire.)

THIS valuable publication will add to the many obligations under which genealogists already find themselves to the Record Society so ably presided over by Chancellor Christie. It would obviously be impossible to do more with so special a volume as that now before us than indicate something of the varied nature of the interest aroused by some of the names recorded. Thus

The Bibliographer. Vol. VI. (Stock.) WE see with sorrow that the present volume of the Bibliographer is the last. Mr. Wheatley, under whose able conduct it has appeared, has, however, transferred his services to a publication of Mr. Stock in which some of the features of the Bibliographer are revived. The six volumes which have appeared are likely to maintain their value and to have a place in the libraries of the

book-lover and the antiquary. In the last volume are a bibliography of Marlowe's Tragical History of Dr. Faustus; a catalogue of old ballads, taken from Mr. Arber's Transcripts of the Stationers' Registers; and many other essays and contributions of high interest.

Cassell's Illustrated Almanack is again full of pretty pictures, some of the woodcuts being of a high degree of excellence. The volume also contains a well-compiled chronicle of the events of the present year, and a large store of general and useful information.

Ye Earlie Englyshe Almanack (Pettitt & Co.) is an amusing imitation of a calendar of the olden time. Some of the blocks from which the illustrations are taken are, perhaps, rather more quaint than elegant, but the letterpress is both well selected and interesting. There are some pretty sets of old verses, and an excellent collection of wise saws relating to the weather, agriculture, &c., besides a learned dissertation on the valuable art of

chiromancy.

Book-Lore. The first number of this periodical, "devoted to old-time literature," follows closely upon the cessation of the Bibliographer, which is, indeed, incorporated with it. The resemblance of the new magazine to the old is strong. "A Smaller Biblia Pauperum" is among the contents. "The First Edition of Festus" is disappointing. The articles as a rule seem too short. "A HUMBLE REMONSTRANCE," by Mr. R. L. Stevenson, contributed to Longman's, furnishes yet another view of an expert as to the principles of narrative art. "A MESSRS. LETTS & Co. have forwarded samples of their Stormy Night," in the same periodical, is a stimulating diaries for 1885. The supremacy these have long enpoem by Mr. W. Allingham, descriptive of a fratri-joyed is maintained, and every class of occupation is cide. -The Cornhill contains an absolutely delicious suited in one or other of the numerous forms. Personal essay on domestic animals.-All the Year Round gives a experience enables us to speak of the value of No. 8, good account of the Yarmouth Toll House and a study Office Diary and Almanac, lettered throughout; Nos. 33 of the "Black Art."-Mr. George Meredith's striking and 41, Rough Diaries or Scribbling Journals, giving story, "Diana of the Crossways," is concluded in the respectively a week or a day to an opening; No. 12, present number of the Fortnightly, to which Mr. Gosse Pocket Diary and Almanack; No. 2, Office Calendar. supplies an essay on Samuel Johnson, in which an ex- The list is, indeed, practically inexhaustible. Letts's cellent account of the closing scenes of the life of Registered Tablet Diary and Blotting Pad is an excepthe lexicographer is afforded.-In addition to Lord tionally serviceable combination. Tennyson's poem on "Freedom," which has been frequently quoted, Macmillan contains an essay in memoriam Henry Fawcett, by Mr. Leslie Stephen; a second on "Style and Miss Austen "; and some "Notes on Popular English," by the late Isaac Todhunter.-To the Nineteenth Century Lord Lytton contributes a not very profound or noteworthy criticism upon Miss Anderson's Juliet, and Mr. James Fergusson a paper on the proposed new cathedral for Liverpool.-Temple Bar has a gossiping and attractive paper on Mr. Yates's Recollections, in which the personal reminiscences of the writer carry one back almost into archæology.-"Bygone Celebrities and Literary Recollections," by Charles Mackay, and "The Rye House Plot," by A. C. Ewald, arrest attention in the Gentleman's.-The Antiquarian Magazine gives part iii. of Mrs. Boger's "Legend of King Arthur in Somerset" and an essay by the editor upon Dr. Johnson. In the Contemporary the articles of literary interest are "A Faithless World," by Frances Power Cobbe; "The Crown of Thorns that Budded," by Richard Heath; and "Ancient Palestine and Modern Exploration," by Capt. Conder, R.E.

THE special character of Cassell's Encyclopaedic Dictionary is shown in Part XI. under such heads as "Brahma," "Breach," "Brick," &c.

AN English translation of Les Filles de John Bull, with the title of John Bull's Womankind, issued by Messrs. Field & Tuer, is idiomatic and fairly satisfactory.

WITH Part XIII. a second volume of Parodies is commenced. This contains parodies of H. W. Longfellow, Bret Harte, and Tom Hood.

We must draw attention to two interesting publications of our contributor Mr. F. E. Sawyer. One is "Old Clem" Celebrations and Blacksmiths' Lore, reprinted from the Folk-lore Journal, the second The Legend of the Devil's Dyke, near Brighton,

CHRISTMAS books begin to appear. First and daintiest among them are the admirably picturesque illustrated works issued by Messrs. Marcus Ward & Co. Though intended for children, Play and Nursery Numbers are raised by their illustrations into the regions of art and archæology. Herrick's Content, his Grange, and his Book of Littles, illustrated by Ellen Houghton and issued by the same firm, are no less attractive.

Notices to Correspondents.

We must call special attention to the following notices:
ON all communications must be written the name and

address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately.
To secure insertion of communications correspondents
must observe the following rule. Let each note, query,
or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the
signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to
appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested
to head the second communication "Duplicate."

Aulum was the last Emperor of Hindustan and King of
C. J. MULLER ("Last King of Delhi ").-The Shah
Delhi. Information concerning him may be found in a
volume so accessible as Haydn's Dictionary of Dates.

is

W. LOVELL. You state that your replies have not appeared, and do not give the subjects, without which it impossible to trace them. We do not undertake either succeeding week brings with it far more matter than to insert or to acknowledge communications. Each can possibly appear:

troubled waters ").-There is no complete answer to HERBERT NASH and M. C. F. M. ("Pouring oil on your query. The question has been frequently discussed. See 6th S. iii. 69, 252, 298; iv. 174; vi. 97, 177; x. 307, 351.

GILLIFLOWER FARRINGDON ("Setting the Thames on fire").-The question opened out last year was finally settled this year by PROF. SKEAT. See 6th S. viii, 446, 476; ix. 14, 156.

CORRIGENDUM.-P. 426, col. 2, 1. 24, for "Downe" read Donne.

LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1884.

CONTENTS.- N° 259.

(4th S. x. 149) accurately enough pointed out that the structure at that period used for this fell purpose, and therefore the spot the speaker had in his mind, was not the Traitors' Gate at the South

NOTES:-Old London Bridge, 461-Parcel Post-Grants of
William III., 463-Shakspeare's Pall-bearers, 464-Marriagewark end of the bridge, an edifice that was not to

of Dr. Johnson's Parents-Reference to Dr. Johnson

Frisian, 465-Damages for Breach of Promise-A Lady's
Pagination-Insular Arrogance-Superstition among Coolies

Description of Telegraph-" Getté en molle"-Continuous

-Misprint, 466.

QUERIES:-Queries on Bishop Ken-"Pottis potillers' Works on Gardening-Lady Howard-Dighton's Caricatures, 467-Fylfot-Miniature-Burning of Witches-Engravers' Proofs of Stamp-Mother Hubbard, 468-Letter on Madrigals-Amyot-G. Guinicelli "The Main Truck"-Babmaes Mews-A. Young-A Naval Flag-Dean Hall-Municipal Heraldry-Portrait of Louis XIV., 469-Gaskarth, Geekie,

raine Rebellions of 1715 and 1745- Rosicrucians-Car

Montacute-Authors Wanted, 478.

be so disfigured until nearly a century afterwards, but another tower standing on the bridge. DR. RIMBAULT was nevertheless in error in two of his details. He said that "they [the traitors' heads] were originally placed over the gate at the City or north end of the bridge; but in 1577 the site was altered to the drawbridge at the southern entrance to the bridge, thence called 'Traitors' Gate.'" It is quite true that the heads were removed from the and Stinton-Author of Orations, 470. tower, where they were formerly exposed, in 1577 REPLIES:-Inquisition, 470-Festival of St. Mary-Portrait of Shakspeare, 471-Rev. R. Taylor-Lillingston Family- to Traitors' Gate, at the Southwark entrance of the Curious Surnames - Scottish Proverb-Cathedrals, 472 bridge; but DR. RIMBAULT erred, first in supposing Janissary-Reported Speech of Prussian Ruler-Gioco d'Oco that the original place of exhibition was at the -Bishop Ken-B. Wright-Bookworm-Birthplace of Lord Beaconsfield, 473-Last Dying Speeches-Mended or Ended City or north end of the bridge, and secondly that -Date of Phrase-Bull-Faced Jonas, 474-Oldest Family in the spot they were removed to was over the drawEngland-Glamis Mystery-Inventor of Steam Navigation The Sphinx"Dr. R. Forster, 475-Arms Wanted-bridge. The very reverse-as I shall proceed to Phaeton, 476-Memories of St. Matthew's-Striking in the show-was the case. Your learned correspondent King's Court-Northumberland Shilling-Lothair or Lor- has mistaken the City or north end of the bridge michaels, 477-Caricatures of the Mulready Envelope - Lord for the north side of the drawbridge, two wholly different sites. There has never, so far as I can ascertain, in times of admittedly trustworthy historic record, been a tower on the northern or City end, or half, of London Bridge. That is to say, there is no record of any tower having ever stood on the bridge north of the chapel of St. Thomas à Becket, built by Peter of Colechurch on an extension eastward of the central-the tenth-pier. The bridge towers have ever stood on the southern segment, and have been two, in coexistence. Again Dr. RIMBAULT was wrong, as (with the greatest respect and admiration for his authority) I am about to demonstrate, in stating that the heads were removed in 1577 to the tower over the drawbridge. It was from the tower over the drawbridge to the tower over and to the south of the third arch, counting from the Southwark side, that they were removed. The essential distinction between arch and drawbridge is important to be borne in mind throughout properly to follow my demonstration. The tower on which heads were

NOTES ON BOOKS:-Dr. F. G. Lee's "History, Description,
and Antiquities of the Prebendal Church of Thame "-
Lee's "Stratford-on-Avon "-"English Sacred Lyrics."
Notices to Correspondents, &c.

Notes.

OLD LONDON BRIDGE.

(See 4th S. x. 67, 149.) So much has been published upon the topography of Old London Bridge that the subject might reasonably be regarded as reduced to the mos: extreme simplicity. In reality, however, the learned archæologists who have written upon the matter have only left us very confused and contradictory details. I-to instance my own investigations-have been so perplexed in my inquiries by the want of clearness and the inconsistency of the published accounts, that having at length, as I believe, "touched bottom," I think it a duty I owe to my brother explorers, the prudent antiquarian students who read " N. & Q.," to give them, if you can afford me the space, the benefit of my researches.

66

In Shakespeare's Richard III., III. ii., Catesby, in a sneering aside," gloats over the then immediately impending fate of Lord Hastings. He fawningly assures the doomed nobleman,

"The princes both make high account of you"; and adds, sotto voce,

"For they account his head upon the bridge." That is to say, of course, on the summit of one of the two towers then standing upon London Bridge. Your correspondent DR. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT

exposed long before, and for nearly a hundred years after, Catesby is made to speak was the tower over the drawbridge, and was on the southern, and not on the northern, half of the bridge itself. That is to say, it was situate as nearly as possible on a site two-thirds of the whole length of the bridge from the northern, the City, end. In other words, the bridge being built on nineteen piers, the drawbridge tower, on which heads were originally exposed, was erected on the thirteenth pier from the northern bank. The gate tower, to which in 1577 they were removed, and which was for a hundred years afterwards the place of their exposure, was over the seventeenth pier from the City, and the third pier from the Surrey side. Moreover, it was

on the fifth pier south of the tower over the draw-where they had been from time to time exposed bridge. since its erection—the "on the bridge” indicated by Catesby-to the summit of the gate-house at the Southwark bridge foot, long since re-edified after its destruction by the Lancastrians a hundred and odd years before. Here the_archæological confusion begins. Mr. Richard Thomson (the antiquary) in his almost exhaustive work The Chronicles of London Bridge, quoted by both your correspondents MESSRS. RIMBAULT and NOBLEarcades ambo in these pleasant fields of exploration* (4th S. x. 149) at one place adopts Stow's account of "a beautiful and chargeable Piece of Work, all above the Bridge being of Timber" (see preceding reference to Stow's Survey) being substituted for the old tower, but he (Mr. Thomson) assigns it, I think I can show erroneously, to this site, i. e., north of the drawbridge; and in another place inconsistently locates the celebrated Nonsuch House, presumably erected—indeed he himself so ascribes the erection-about the time of the re-edification of the drawbridge tower, on the identical site, namely, over and north of the drawbridge. Now it is certain that two different buildings-and I think I shall demonstrate that they were not identical-could not be coincidently erected on a site that would certainly not suffice in its dimenions for more than one of the two. That Mr. Thomson knew that they-i. e., the new timber tower described by Stow and the other wooden edifice, Nonsuch House-were two different buildings he evinces by giving an engraving of each. Seymour, Survey of London (vol. i. chap. viii. p. 51, folio edit.) boldly asserts that Stow's "beautiful and chargeable Piece of Work all above the Bridge being of Timber," "is the Nonsuch House spoken of in the last chapter," i. e., the chapter describing the bridge itself, apart from the towers surmounting it. In this assumption, so far as I can make it out, he is followed by Maitland, Pennant, Northouck, and Hughson (I am bound to admit that none of their views is very clearly or emphatically expressed), and by later authorities, such as Britton (Londiniana), and such very recent writers as Charles Knight (London) and Walter Thornbury (Old and New London), some more or less unequivocally than others. But out of the confusion I gather that most of these authors share Mr. Thomson's error of ascribing two different and coexistent buildings to the common site of one. NEMO.

As to the relative positions of these two towers in comparatively modern times, antiquaries have, it seems to me, involved themselves in a great mist, which I am, subject to correction, now engaged in endeavouring to clear away. Stow (vol. i. bk. i. chap. xiv.) gives the date of the construction of the northernmost* of these towers as 1426, and fixes its site unmistakably as at the north end of the drawbridge-bear in mind the seventh pier from the Southwark end. It was designed to protect the drawbridge, and was the main defence of the City on the bridge approach from the south, its outwork being the gate tower above mentioned, yet further to the south. This, the drawbridge tower, was, when not quite a quarter of a century old, the scene of the skirmish where that stout captain Matthew Gough was killed in the encounter with Jack Cade's Kentish rabble in 1450.+ Rather more than a score of years later the drawbridge tower fulfilled its office in resisting the bastard Falconbridge's piratical feint for his main attack was given on the other side of the stream against Aldgate and Bishopsgate -in the interest of the deposed and imprisoned monkish monarch, the unhappy representative of the red roses. In this fray the extreme southern tower, the outwork of the drawbridge-the gate at the bridge foot, of the original construction of which there is no record, but which had then been but recently re-erected after its destruction by one of the numerous accidental subsidences to which the piers and arches of the early bridge were apparently subject-was, with all the dwelling-houses by that time erected and cumbering the arch summits on the southern half, destroyed so far north as the drawbridge. Eighty-three years afterwards the drawbridge tower rendered effectual service in diverting the course of Sir Thomas Wyatt's rebels, who, as Cade's and Wat Tyler's before them had been, were recruited in the southern counties. Twenty-three years more passed over, the old grey masonry becoming month by month more ruinous, until in 1577 the citzens resolved to remove the dilapidated structure and build a new tower; but -and this is the very gist of my proposition-not on the same site. Then it was that, in prospect of the demolition of the tower of 1426, the heads were removed from that, the drawbridge tower,

That is to say northernmost in relation to the piers south of the centre, the chapel, pier.

† Bear in mind the drawbridge was not covered by any tower when Wat Tyler's following forced this approach to the City in 1481.

It is to be observed that the encroachments of dwelling houses upon the bridge were slow and gradual; two towers at the Southwark end, to be hereafter located, and the chapel of St. Thomas were all the superincumbent edifices on the bridge at, and probably for some century after, its completion. See the text further on,

(To be continued.)

"The ways through which my weary steps I guide
In this research of old antiquity

Are so exceeding rich, and long and wide,
And sprinkled with such sweet variety
Of all which pleasant is to ear or eye,
That I, nigh ravish'd with rare thoughts' delight,
My tedious travel quite forget thereby."
Altered from Spenser, The Fairy Queen, bk, vi., Prologue

PARCEL POST IN 1682.

About the year 1680 an upholsterer named Murray proposed the establishment of a London district penny post; his scheme was sanctioned and commenced, but he very soon assigned his entire interest in the undertaking to Mr. William Dockwray, who, according to Chamberlayne (Present State of England, 1682, part ii. p. 245), was an ingenious and knowing Citizen of London." He established within the bills of mortality five hundred receiving houses, and employed a very great number of messengers, whose duty it was to call at these receiving houses every hour to convey all letters to the sorting houses, of which there were seven, "and presently convey the letters to their respective directions." There were at least four daily deliveries to all parts of London and its suburbs, and eight deliveries in the more central parts. The system thus devised, and carried out by an enterprising citizen, with permission, but single-handed-the chief office being at Mr. Dockwray's own private residence in Lime Street -gave general satisfaction, and was very largely used by the citizens. When it was fairly at work, and when all the minor difficulties incident to the commencement of so large an undertaking had been surmounted, the authorities of the Royal Post Office became "aware" of its existence, jealous of its increasing utility, and determined to destroy it. The Royal Post Office was then an establishment neither designed nor kept on foot for the general convenience and welfare of the people, but was farmed for the sole use and benefit of the king's brother, James, Duke of York. The law officers of the Crown were, therefore, soon called in, Mr. Dockwray was speedily shown to be in the wrong, and his whole arrangement was confiscated by the Royal Post Office, or rather by the agents of the Duke of York.

amongst these was especially his treatment of
parcels. It was said, "He forbids the taking of
any bandboxes (except very small) and all parcels
above a pound, which when they were taken did
bring in considerable advantage to the office, they
being now at great charge sent by Porters in the citty
and coaches and watermen into the country, which
formerly went by penny post messengers much
cheaper and more satisfactorily." At the com-
mencement Dockwray declined to carry parcels over
the value of 10.—a very prudent regulation; and
Guy Miege, in 1703, describing the system as then
carried out, says, "The value to be made good by
the office provided the things be securely enclosed
as they ought, and fast sealed up with hard wax
under the impression of some remarkable seal;
but not otherwise." In 1682 patients might send
to their apothecaries penny notes, and receive in
return through the penny post their medicines.
Weight is mentioned, but not size; it is obvious
that size must soon have become a consideration.
It might be very convenient to ladies to desire their
caps to be sent to them by the penny post, but it
was clearly impossible for the postmen to carry
them in bandboxes for a penny! In spite of all
drawbacks and difficulties, Miege says that this
branch of the post office made a clear profit of
about 2,000l. a year.
EDWARD SOLLY.

GRANTS OF WILLIAM III.

(Continued from p. 406.)

bert, Esq., of 2,1817. 4s. 6d. owing to his Maj' from April, 1693. A Grant and Assignemt unto Henry HerBevass Floyd on his accot of ye Revenue of Wales, whereof he was Recer as also of 3241. 3s. 4d. depending on Mr. Nashes accot as Receiver of those Revenues for y° Year ing to be due from ye said Nash to ye 15th March, 1692, ending at Mich'mas, 1688, and all other arrears appearwith an Assignemt of a proportionable part of a yearly summ payable to Gilbert Whitehall and his Heirs out of y Excise for ye summ of 8241. 4s, oweing by ye sd Whitehall to ye 8 Floyd, of wch y sayd Whitehall was thereupon to be discharged.

unto Sr Jno Guyes out of y° 20,000l. to be raised by An Authority under ye Privy Seal for paying 6,000l. Wood sales within ye Forest of Dane in six years from ye date, at y rate of 1,000l. a year. This in considera'on of his faithfull services.

Into the history of the Post Office generally I do not purpose now any further to enter, my object being to draw attention to the fact that the scheme as first proposed and carried out by Messrs. Murray and Dockwray had the distinct object of carrying very quickly and cheaply not only letters, but also parcels. Chamberlayne says, "For one A Grant and Assignemt unto James Herbert, Esqr of penny is most speedily conveyed any letter or anyy County of Kent, and all houses, Lands, Tythes, and ye sev Parsonages or Rectorys of Milton and Harston in parcel not exceeding one pound in weight or ten other profitts thereunto belonging, forfeited by y pounds in value, to and from all parts within the Attainder of Sr Edward Scott wth yo Arrears and Mesne weekly bills of mortality." When Dockwray was profitts thereof. dispossessed and his establishment taken on by May, 1693. A Demise unto George Sayer and Jo the Royal Post Office, it was continued to be with its appartenances in ye County of Lancaster, and of Sayer, Esq' of ye Lordship and Mannour of Muckland worked, but in a somewhat modified manner. Leewood Park and other Lands and Hereditamts in y After a time Dock wray had a pension of 500l. as County for ye Term of 99 years from ye Death of year granted to him, and subsequently he was employed as controller of the penny post depart ment, but he only held this office for three years, namely, from 1697 to 1700, when he was dismissed in consequence of complaints made against him;

Queen Dowager, part of whose Joynture ye Premisses
now are, concurrant with the termes granted or to be
under y yearly Rent of 10s.
granted by y 8d Queen or her Trustees therein, and

June, 1693. A Grant and Demise unto Eliz Hamilton, widdow, of 3 Messuages with their appartenances