The expression "generator" means the dynamo or dynamos or other Board of electrical apparatus used for the generation of energy. The expression "motor" means any electric motor carried on a train and used for the conversion of energy. Trade The expression "pipe" means any gas or water pipe or other metallic pipe, structure, or substance. The expression "the Company" has the same meaning or meanings as in the Railway Act, 190. Regulations. 1. Any machine used as a generator shall be of such pattern and construc. tion as to be capable of producing a continuous current without appreciable pulsation. 2. One of the two conductors used for transmitting ene y from the generator to the motors shall be in every case insulated from earth by means of insulators of a strong and durable material so shaped as to offer great resistance to surface leakage, and is herein-after referred to as the "line"; the other may be similarly insulated throughout, or may be uninsulated in such parts and to such extent as is provided in the following Regulations, and is herein-after referred to as the "return." 3. Where any rails on which trains run or any conductors laid within the metal-lined tunnels in which the railway is constructed form any part of a return, such part may be uninsulated. All other returns or parts of a return shall be insulated. 4. When any uninsulated conductor forms any part of a return, it shall be 100 feet by means of copper strips having a sectional area of at 5. When any part of a return is uninsulated it shall be connected with the 6. The iron or other metal plates forming the lining of the tunnels shall be so made and connected together as to form a continuous metal tube. 7. Where any pipe is brought into the tunnel from outside, except any pipe belonging to the Company which is not in metallic connection with or laid within six feet of any other pipe, means shall be provided to secure that no portion of the pipe outside the metal tube shall be in metallic connection with the tube or with any conductor of electricity within the tube. 8. When the rails form any part of the return they shall either be electrically connected, at intervals not exceeding 100 yards, to the metal tube by metallic conductors which will not be appreciably heated by a current of 100 ampères, or they shall not be in any NOTE. These Regulations only apply to railways constructed underground in metal-lined tunnels. Board of Trade Regulationscontd. metallic connection with the metal tube except by means of the connections to the negative terminal of the generator. In the latter case the rails shall be supported by sleepers of wood, and they shall be of such sectional area and so connected at joints and from one line of rails to another, and where necessary to supplementary conductors or feeders, that the difference of potential between the rails and the metal tube shall not in any part and under any working conditions exceed 10 volts. A test shall be made at least once in each month. 9. When the return is partly or entirely uninsulated a daily record shall be kept by the Company of the difference of potential during the working of the railway between any two points of the uninsulated return at the time when the load is greatest. If at any time such difference of potential exceeds the limit of seven volts, the Company shall take immediate steps to reduce it below that limit. 10. Every line and every insulated return shall be constructed in sections, and means shall be provided at or near each station for breaking the connection between sections. 11. The leakage current shall be tested daily before and after the hours of running with the working pressure and duly recorded. Should the amount of this at any time appear to indicate a fault of insulation, steps shall at once be taken to localise and remove it. 12. The Company shall, so far as may be applicable to their system of working, keep records as specified below. These records shall be preserved for a period of twelve months, and shall, if and when required, be forwarded for the information of the Board of Trade. No. of trains running. Maximum working current. Maximum working pressure. Daily Records. Maximum current from the rails to generator. Maximum current from the metal tube to generator. Leakage current (vide Regulation 12). Fall of potential in return (vide Regulation 9). Monthly Records. Maximum difference of potential between rails and metal tube (vide Regulation 8). Insulation resistance of conductors laid outside metal tube (vide Regula tion 11). Occasional Records. Localisation and removal of leakage, stating time occupied. Particulars of any abnormal occurrence affecting the electric working of the railway. 190 • Signed by order of the Board of Trade this day of Assistant Secretary, Board of Trade. IV. POWER ACTS. IN the Session of 1900 various Bills were promoted to authorise the production and distribution of electricity within defined areas of supply, the main purpose being the supply of electricity as power. The first group of these Bills came before a Committee of the House of Commons, presided over by Sir JAMES KITSON, and consisted of the following Bills : County of Durham Electric Power Supply. Lancashire Electric Power. South Wales Electrical Power Distribution. These Bills were all opposed by local authorities, many of whom were authorised distributors of electrical energy used mainly for lighting purposes. After much evidence had been given the following announcement was made: "The CHAIRMAN said he wished to state for the Committee that the value of electrical energy as a means of power had been amply demonstrated, and its importance to industries in this country was admitted. The Committee felt that it was to the public advantage to facilitate measures which would ensure a general supply of electrical power to all consumers who might seek to avail themselves of the economy and efficiency offered in the service of these sources of the application of the power. The Committee therefore did not require the constant repetition of scientific evidence to prove that which had already been proved to their satisfaction." (Electrician, May 25th, 1900, p. 187.) Bills in Session of 1900. in 1900. In the result the preambles of the Durham, Lancashire, and Acts passed South Wales Bills were found to be proved. The preamble of a fourth Bill (North Metropolitan) was found proved in the same Session by a Committee of the House of Commons presided over by Mr. (now Sir ALEXANDER) HARGREAVES BROWN. It may be convenient here to insert the following list of all E.L. FF the Power Acts which have been sanctioned up to the present passed to end time, as in what follows they will be frequently referred to :— List of all of 1902. Session 1900. COUNTY OF DURHAM ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY ACT, 1900 (63 & 64 Vict. ch. ccxxxi.). LANCASHIRE ELECTRIC POWER ACT, 1900 (63 & 64 Vict. ch. ccxxxv.). NORTH METROPOLITAN ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY ACT, 1900 (63 & 64 Vict. ch. cclxxvi.), amended, 1902 (2 Edw. 7, ch. clvi.). SOUTH WALES ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION COMPANY ACT, 1900 (63 & 64 Vict. ch. cclxxxii.), amended, 1902 (2 Edw. 7, ch. cxviii.). Session 1901. CLEVELAND AND DURHAM COUNTY ELECTRIC POWER ACT, 1901 (1 Edw. 7, ch. civ.). YORKSHIRE ELECTRIC POWER ACT, 1901 (1 Edw. 7, ch. cxvi.). DERBYSHIRE AND NOTTINGHAMSHIRE ELECTRIC POWER ACT, 1901 (1 Edw. 7, ch. cxxi.), amended, 1902 (2 Edw. 7, ch. xvii.). SHANNON WATER AND ELECTRIC POWER ACT, 1901 (1 Edw. 7, ch. cxxxvi.). CLYDE VALLEY ELECTRICAL POWER ACT, 1901 (1 Edw. 7, ch. ccxxv.). LOCH LEVEN WATER POWER ACT, 1901 (1 Edw. 7, ch. cclxx.) (a). Session 1902 (b). CORNWALL ELECTRIC POWER ACT, 1902 (2 Edw. 7, ch. xxxiv.). GLOUCESTERSHIRE ELECTRIC POWER ACT, 1902 (2 Edw. 7, ch. lv.). KENT ELECTRIC POWER ACT, 1902 (2 Edw. 7, ch. cxxvii.). (a) This Power Act differs so widely from the other Acts that it will be necessary to deal with it separately. See post, p. 447. (b) The following Acts of Session 1902 were amending Acts:- LEICESTERSHIRE AND WARWICKSHIRE ELECTRIC POWER ACT, 1902 (2 Edw. 7, ch. cxxxi.). NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY'S ACT, 1902 (2 Edw. 7, ch. xxi.). It is necessary now to return to the proceedings before Sir JAMES KITSON'S Committee. Having found the preamble of three of the Bills proved, the Committee communicated to the parties the following declaration-not applicable to the case of the Lancashire Bill-in regard to the lines on which clauses were to be settled : 1. "The company to be authorised to supply electrical energy for power purposes anywhere within the area of supply, subject to the consent of the local authority in certain cases as set out below. 2. "The company to have no general lighting powers, i.e., distribution to ordinary consumers within the area, except in pursuance of a provisional order obtained in the ordinary way. 3. "Where a local authority is now authorised to supply electricity within the area their consent is to be required for the supply of electricity by the company, the Board of Trade to be empowered to override the refusal of the local authority to give consent if the authority are not prepared to provide the requisite supply on reasonable terms and within a reasonable time. 4. "Any local authority who hereafter gets statutory powers for supplying electricity within the area to have in ordinary cases the option of taking over the company's supply in its local area on terms to be laid down by the provisional order or Act by which the statutory powers are given. 5. "A company having statutory powers to be in the same position as a local authority now having statutory powers; a company to whom powers are hereafter granted to be placed in the same position as a local authority to whom statutory powers are hereafter granted." (Electrician, July 6th, 1900, p. 411.) The following clause was ultimately adjusted, with the assistance of the draughtsman of the Board of Trade, to carry out the decision of the Committee : "The powers of the company for the supply of energy under this Act Conditions "(1.) Energy shall be supplied under this Act only : shall be subject to the following provisions : 66 '(a.) For supply in bulk to authorised distributors; and "(b.) For providing power to any person; "(2.) The energy supplied to authorised distributors may be used by them for lighting or other purposes and the energy supplied to affecting supply. |