his council, and he would so act that they should all be satisfied. The seneschal, then falling on one knee, humbly entreated the king that he would consent that the challenge should be completed according to the request of Tollemache. The king replied by again requiring that the completion of the combat should be referred to his judgment; which being granted, he took the seneschal by the hand and placed him above himself, and Tollemache on the other side. He thus led them out of the lists, when each returned to his hotel and disarmed. The king sent his principal knights to seek the seneschal and his companions, whom for three days he entertained at his palace, and paid them as much honor as if they had been his own brothers. When he had reconciled them with their opponents, he made them fresh presents; and they departed thence on their return to France, and the seneschal to Hainault. Translation of THOMAS JOHNES. and Samnite races known to the Greeks in ancient times. All that may be called the patriarchal element in the state rests in Greece as in Italy on the same foundations. To this element we must especially refer the moral and honorable relation of the sexes to each other. The man was to be the husband of one wife, and infidelity on her part was severely punished. The high position assigned to the mother within the family circle was a recognition of the equality of the sexes and of the sanctity of marriage, but, on the other hand, the extent to which the Romans carried the power of the husband over the wife, and that of the father over the son, was unknown among the Greeks. What ought to have been a moral subjection was in Italy transformed into a legalized slavery. In the same way the completely outlawed condition of the slave-a condition which the idea of slavery presupposes-was maintained by the Romans with merciless rigor and carried out to all its consequences, while among the Greeks the intercourse between the dominant and servile classes was of a more humane description, and at an early period the law interposed with an alleviating hand. We need only mention the fact that in Greece marriage between slaves was a legally-recognized connection. Round the original household gathers the family or clan, understanding thereby the common descendants of the same progenitor, and out of the family arose the state. In Greece, where the political element was weaker, the family-bond maintained its influence as a corporate power in opposition to that of the state far into historical times, while in Italy the state immediately assumed the supremacy and completely neutralized the influence of the family, presenting to our view, not a community of families, but a community of citizens. On the other hand, in Greece the individual sooner becomes so far independent of the family as to acquire complete freedom of personal development-a fact which we find clearly reflected in the Greek and Roman proper names, which, though originally sprung from the same element, from the same element, afterward assumed characters widely different. In the ancient times of Greece we find the family-name, in the form of an adjective, frequently added to that of the individual, while, reversing the case, the Roman antiquarians tell us that their ancestors had only one name, the later prænomen. But, while in Greece the family-name disappears at an early period, it becomes, not among the Romans merely, but among the Italians generally, the chief designation, and the distinctive individual name, the prænomen, assumes a subordinate place. In the small and ever-diminishing number of Italian prænomina, and in the meaningless character especially of those in use among the Romans, as contrasted with the poetic richness and significance of the Greek names, we have a reflection of the fact that in the one case free scope was given to the development of distinctive personal character, while in the other it was systematically repressed. origin was he that there was no record kept. of the day of his birth; by the parish register it appears that he was baptized on the 14th of May in that year. The son of a barber, he received a very limited education, but from his childhood he was enthusiastic about art. After some unaided attempts at landscape he was entered as a student at the Royal Academy, and made such rapid progress that he exhibited his first painting in 1790. This was followed by yearly exhibitions, which gave him such a reputation that in 1799 he was elected an associate, and in 1803 full Royal Academician. On account of the excellence of his paintings, the mistake was then made of appointing him in 1807 professor of perspective in the Royal Academy. Here his want of education became manifest; he was lacking in the technique of his art, and in good grammatical language in which to present it. His lectures were a failure. He gave up this duty, and travelled extensively-in Scotland, France, Germany, Switzerland and Italy-everywhere displaying a marvellous industry and devotion to his art, sketching and finishing with great rapidity; so that he has been said to have exhibited at the Academy two hundred and fifty-nine pictures. In 1808 he began a serial collection called Liber Studiorum, containing engravings from original designs. Later he published Scenery of the Southern Coast, and other similar works. One of his best displays of power and taste is found in the superb illustrations to Rogers's poems, some of which appear in this collection. One of the greatest claims of Turner to public favor is found in his unusual and brilliant coloring and bizarre contrasts of color, as illustrated in the "The Slave-Ship" and "The Old Temeraire" and many other pictures. In his earlier works this was but a pleasing exaggeration of nature, but as he grew older his hand lost its cunning and there was a sad travesty of nature. Ruskin, in his first edition of Modern Painters, was the champion and interpreter of Turner; in later editions and in separate works his enthusiasm was modified. As to his personality, Turner was a most singular character and presented many contrasts and contradictions. In his Life by Walter Thornbury he appears as having so high an estimation of his own works that he kept some which he would not sell at any price, and refused others to persons who were not, in his judgment, able to appreciate them. Yet, on the other hand, he was avaricious and sordid, coarse, vulgar and sensual-at least, to the world at large. He had a few valued friends, to whom he showed himself affectionate and generous. Mount of Olives. The sunset glow on the foreground and the little tower overpowers the softer light which gains slowly in influence : "The moon is up, and yet it is not night: Such is the moral twilight in which the Holy City stands. The sunset glories of the past still clustering over the hill of Zion, night comes down upon the mosque of Omar, usurping the site of the ancient temple; while moon and star give token that the day of deliverance will come, however delayed, and that the fulfilment of the law and of the Levitical sacrifices will be in the recognition and worship of Him "who will suddenly come to His temple" in the final consummation of His glorious kingdom. THE MINION WIFE. Hath had good chance and hap Must love her and cherish her all his life, And dandle her in his lap. Turner died on the 19th of December, 1851, at his little house in Chelsea, leav-HOSO to marry a minion wife ing to the world a new surprise. He had amassed a million of dollars, which he left to found an asylum for decayed artists; and his fine collection he bequeathed to the English nation. It is preserved in the National Gallery. The illustration which accompanies this notice is from a picture of that picturesque ravine known in the earlier Bible history as the Valley of Jehoshaphat, and in the New Testament as the Valley of Kedron. On the left, hidden by the kiosk, is the city of Jerusalem. The brook Kedron comes down toward the beholder, and separates the city from the Garden of Gethsemane and the If she will fare well, if she will go gay, Must let her have her own will. About what affairs soever he go, He must show her all his mind; NICHOLAS UDALL. THE ENCHANTED PALACE OF CYPRUS. FROM THE ITALIAN OF ANGELO POLITIANO. CUPID'S VISIT TO HIS COW, in his proud revenge ex- Through fields of air Love speeds his rapid flight, And in his mother's realms the treacherous boy Rejoins his kindred band of flutterers lightThat realm, of each bewitching Grace the joy, Where Beauty wreaths with sweets her tresses bright, Where Zephyr importunes on wanton wing Flora's coy charms and aids her flowers to spring. Thine, Erato, to Love's a kindred name, Might reach the sevenfold course of mighty Nile, But ne'er may mortal foot that prospect climb; A verdant hill o'erhangs its highest pile, Whose base a plain that laughs in vernal prime, Where gentlest airs 'midst flowers and herb age gay Urge o'er the quivering blade their wanton way. A wall of gold secures the utmost bound, And, dark with viewless shade, a woody vale; There, on each branch, with youthful foliage crowned, Some feathered songster chaunts his amorous tale, Of Love's domains instruct the bard to And, joined in murmurs soft, with grateful tell; To thee, chaste Muse, alone 'tis given to claim Free ingress there, secure from every spell. Thou rulest of soft amours the vocal frame, sound Two rivulets glide pellucid through the dale. Beside whose streams this sweet, that bitter, found, And Cupid, oft, as childish thoughts impel His shafts of gold Love tempers for the To thrill with wanton touch its golden |