Her

1. 35. doigts de pied, toes'; doigt otherwise is simply finger. 1. 36. la belle Récamier was the wife of a rich Paris banker. drawing-room, during the reign of Bonaparte, was the rendez-vous of the most celebrated men of that period, and especially of those who were hostile to the Empire.

1. 37. Joséphine, widow of Viscount Beauharnais, became, in 1796, the wife of Napoleon Bonaparte and was ultimately divorced by him. She had had two children Eugène and Hortense by her first husband.

PAGE 65.

1. 9. simple dans sa mise et dans son maintien, 'simple in her dress and her whole bearing'. Se mettre bien to dress well.

1. 16.

=

·

sans qu'il puisse s'en rendre compte, without his being able to account for it'; sans que requires the subjunctive.

1. 25. étalés, 'spread out'; étaler, lit. to expose for sale, is derived from étal, a stall, butcher's shop; formerly estal, of Germ. origin.

1. 35. tue, 'kills,''stifles'. Tuer is a recent word in this sense; in Old Fr. to kill was occire (from occidere). Tuer is from Low Lat. tutare, to strike and extinguish.

PAGE 66.

1. 9. auxquelles il vient d'assister, 'at which he has just been present'. Assister à, to be present at, to attend or join in.

1. 25. se remémorer, 'to remember'; for se rappeler.

1. 27. qu'il bercera, 'that he will beguile' bercer, lit. to rock, lull.

XI.
PAGE 67.

1. 11. de la part de son voisin, 'from (i.e. sent to him by) his neighbour'.

1. 12. lentille de verre, a powerful lens'; leniille, a lentil, from Lat. lenticula, has given its name to the magnifying glass cut in the shape of a lentil.

1. 13. facettes oculaires, facets of the eye,' like the facets or many small faces of a diamond.

1. 17. crut marcher à grands pas, 'thought he was making great strides'. Cp. p. 34, 1. 2.

1. 21. satin moiré, ' watered silk'; moire, a waved or watered textile fabric (Engl. mohair), from Arabic mokhayyar; hence the verb moirer.

PAGE 68.

1. 9. elle n'avait pu manquer d'adorateurs, 'she could not have lacked admirers'.

1. 31. sa taille élégante, 'his elegant figure'. Taille, lit. a cutting, cut, from late Lat. taleare, which has given taille, tailleur, taillis, etc.

PAGE 69.

1. 3. vis-à-vis de, 'towards,'' with regard to,' for envers. Vis-à-vis is an abbreviation of visage-à-visage, face to face, and is properly a preposition of place, not of respect.

1. 25. de vous faire part de, 'to tell you of,' lit. 'give you a

share of'.

1. 31. et qui n'y soupçonnait pas une suiie, and who did not suspect a sequence to it,' i.e. what it would lead to.

1. 35. je puis m'en passer, 'I can do without it'.

1. 6. des grâces, pardons'.

PAGE 70.

1. 10. l'interpellé, Charney thus challenged,' lit. 'the one challenged'; interpeller is a law term for 'to summon,'' to call on'.

1. 21. chut! parlez plus bas; 'hush! do not speak so loud'. qui faussent la vie d'un homme, which give a false bias to

1. 29. a man's life'.

1. 34. aussi at the beginning of a sentence means accordingly. 1. 38. en appeler à, 'to appeal to'; en has here the force of 'from it', i.e. from the judgment pronounced.

PAGE 71.

1. 4. afin de se faire valoir auprès de, 'so as to curry favour with'; faire valoir to make the most of.

1. 5. j'en voulais à ses jours, I had some design against his life'; en vouloir à, lit. to wish of it (evil) to.

1. 24. dussé-je..., 'were I to..." Obs. the acute accent for the sake of euphony. The inversion of the verb and nominative pronoun always takes place when si or quoique are omitted; cp. in English 'were I' (= if I were) and in Germ. wäre ich'.

1. 34. fit de nouveau, 'said again'; fit is frequently used for dit.

PAGE 72.

1. 10. il est donc, for il y a donc.

1. 18. le cœur ne s'y trompe pas; the heart is not deceived in this respect'. Obs. the force of y=at it, at this work.

1. 34. forcené, 'furious,' 'mad'; formerly forsené (Lat. foris and Germ. sen=Sinn, mind).

XII.

PAGE 73.

1. 1. loupe, magnifying glass'; a more popular word than lentille. Der. from Lat. lupa (a she-wolf), the name given to a tumour. 1. 10. se douter de, 'to suspect'; douter de, to doubt.

1. 21. où, when,' lit. where-in; always used as a relative pronoun when an idea of place is conveyed.

1. 24. Linně, Linnæus, a celebrated Swedish naturalist, professor of botany at Upsala, died in 1778.

1. 34. dans son harmonie, in its harmony'; son refers to the possessor création; it cannot be replaced by en with the article for the reason that it is governed by the prep. dans; cp. p. 21, l. 14.

1. 35. il doute si, he wonders whether. Douter is not here to doubt' but to question'.

PAGE 74.

1. 12. à travers, 'across'; au travers requires de. See p. 32, 1. 34. 1. 25. le faîte, 'the summit'; from Lat. fastigium, hence the circumflex accent.

1. 31. le résumé, le criterium, 'the summary, the touchstone'.

PAGE 75.

1. 15. frapper d'anathème, 'to anathematize,'' to condemn'.

XIII.

1. 25. passe-temps, 'pastimes'; being compounded of a verb and substantive to which there is no idea of plurality attached, both parts remain unchanged in the plural; the same applies to des réveille-matin, alarm-clocks, des abat-jour, shades, des serre-tête, head-bands.

PAGE 76.

1. 1. que de pouvoir, 'to be able'. Whenever the principal infinitive follows that which explains it, the former is introduced by que de, e.g. 'C'est imiter les dieux que de soulager les malheureux'. In the case of substantives when the principal subst. comes second it is introduced by que, e.g. 'C'est un rocher stérile que cette île'. Cp. p. 42, l. I.

1. 2. vivre à volonté de..., 'live at his free will of that other life'. 1. 7. le positif, positive knowledge as opposed to speculative theories. The system of philosophy called Positivism was originated by Comte, a French philosopher (1799-1857); it ignores all inquiry into causes, and, dealing only with Positives, simply seeks to discover the laws of phenomena.

1. 9. le voulez-vous? do you desire it?'

1. 10. le rålement de l'accord, the jarring sound of tuning the instruments'.

1. 14. la douce image de Picciola; not the flower but the personified Picciola, the creation of his brain, in female form.

1. 26. gens, 'people'. What is the gender of gens? Pl. of gent (Lat. gentem); naturally fem. and accordingly the adj. that precedes it

will be in the fem., yet, as it awakes the idea of men, the adj. that follows it is masc., e.g. les vieilles gens sont soupçonneux.

1. 36. c'étaient les seuls événements; observe that the verb être preceded by ce is in the plural when the following word is a pl. subst. or pronoun of the third person. Cp. p. 48, 1. 38.

PAGE 77.

1. 12. d'où ressortait, lit. whence stood out'.

1. 21. se montre à lui, not se lui montre; the disjunctive form (à lui) is used after the verb instead of the conjunctive (lui), (1) with all reflective verbs, (2) with the verbs penser, songer, croire, (3) with all verbs when there are two or more indirect objects.

1. 27. quelque rapide, 'however rapid'; quelque before an adj. is an adverb and therefore unchangeable; before a subst. it is an adj. and agrees with it; before a verb it is written in two words quel que, the first of which is an adj. and consequently agrees with the subst. it qualifies.

1. 32. en grand ébahissement, 'in great amazement'; ébahir is formed from the interj. bah!

PAGE 78.

1. 5. la ressemblance que j'ai cru trouver, not crue; since que is the direct object of trouver and not of cru.

1. 10. c'est chose étrange que de voir..., it is a strange thing to see this illusion take place even in the land of dreams'. Why que de voir? See p. 76, 1. 1.

1. 14. au dire du vieillard, according to the saying of the old man'; some infinitives (not present participles as in English) may be used as substantives, e.g. le boire, le manger. Cp. p. 19, 1. 2.

1. 28. jeté ma fortune par lambeaux, 'given away my fortune piecemeal'.

PAGE 79.

1. 4. pouvait valoir à la fille, 'could win for (lit. be worth to) the daughter'.

1. 6. c'est égal! 'never mind!' Lit. 'it is all the same!'

XIV.

1. 9.

avant peu bien d'autres sacrifices, 'ere long many other sacrifices'; bien used as an adverb of quantity is followed not simply by de but by the genitive of the article; here however an adjective follows and consequently d'=de is used. Avant peu before little (time).

1. 21. les plus sublimes qu'il eût faites encore, 'the most sublime he had as yet made'. Obs. the subjunctive after a relative pronoun which is preceded by a superlative. Cp. p. 36, 1. 20.

1. 29. il s'agit aujourd'hui de l'enfantement, he has now to deal with the production,' lit. 'the question is now about...'.

1. 33. la gestation de l'œuf végétal, 'the development of the vegetable embryo',

PAGE 80.

1. 1. il va lui falloir, 'he will have to,' lit. 'it is going to be necessary for him to'.

1. 5. saura la ménager, 'will know how to tend it carefully'; ménage which has given ménager, was formerly mesnage, originally maisnage, from late Lat. mansionaticum, expense of a household.

1. 22. que chacun reste, 'let each one of them (nails and flag-stones) stay'.

1. 34.

1. 12.

un large bourrelet, ‘a broad protruding swelling'.

PAGE 81.

et ma consigne donc! 'and what about my orders!' 1. 20. plutôt, 'rather'; not to be confounded with plus tôt, 'sooner'. 1. 21. dussé-je y laisser mes ongles, 'were I to lose my nails in the attempt'. Observe the acute accent in dussé-je, puissé-je, etc.; also the inversion of the verb and nom. pronoun; cp. p. 71, 1. 24.

1. 33. pardon pour la povera, 'no blame to (lit. pardon for) the povera'.

PAGE 82.

1. 6. que m'importe? for que m'importe-t-il? The pronoun il of this impersonal verb is generally omitted in the interrogative form.

1. 10. un kinzerlick, 'an Austrian' (unacquainted with the French language); the term kinzerlick, a corruption of kaiserlich, was then applied by the French soldiers to the Germans generally, but chiefly to the Austrians.

1. 11. gentiment, 'prettily'. The final of gentil (which was the fem. form in Old Fr.) not being pronounced, the adverb is spelt genti

ment.

1. 17. ça se trouve bien, that comes opportunely'.

1. 19.

fit un geste, 'nodded assent'.

1. 28. s'abattre si facilement, 'give way so easily'.

1. 36. de lui à elle se sont établis..., 'between them there have arisen mutual obligations, solemn pledges'; établis is masc. because one of the two nouns it qualifies (engagements) is of that gender.

1. 40. de long en large, 'to and fro'.

PAGE 83.

1. 2. que, 'how'. Observe that the adj. or adv. is placed after the verb in exclamations beginning with que.

1. 38. il n'en put fermer l'œil, he could not sleep a wink (lit. close the eye) in consequence'.