Radiation Biology

aberrations absorbed acid alpha particles animals appear atoms beta particles blood cells bone Brookhaven cellular changes Chapter chemical chromatid chromosome contain Courtesy damage death decrease division dose rate doses of radiation Drosophila effects of radiation electron embryos energy enzymes estimated example experiments exposed factors Figure following irradiation formation free radicals gamma radiation gamma rays gene genetic growth hydrogen illustrated inactivation incidence increase indicated inhibition interphase ionizing radiation lethal linear lymphocytes mammalian marrow measured mechanisms membrane mice mitosis mitotic moderate doses molecules mutation rate neutrons normal nuclear nucleus occur organism oxidation oxygen photon plants population portion produced protein R/day Radiation Biology radiation doses RADIATION EFFECTS radiation exposure radioactive radiobiology radionuclides radioresistant radiosensitivity rads rats reactions regeneration relative result sensitivity specific sperm spermatogonia structure studies survival curves syndrome target theory tion tissue total-body tumors types values X chromosome x-rays