number of 1300. Fifty citizens of the canton of Schwytz, who had been banished their country, resolved to win back their restoration by effective service. Pouring down from the hills loose rocks and stones upon the Austrian army, they caused a confusion in the ranks, which, on such narrow ground, was irremediable. The main body of the Swiss charged at the critical moment, and their enemies fell before them powerless and unresistingly. A precipitate flight saved Duke Leopold and his rear body; the rest either fell or were captured. The scene of this glorious exploit was Morgarten, and the date of its achievement the 15th of November 1315. It secured the independence of the Waldstat, and eventually of all Helvetia. The other divisions of the army which were advancing upon Unterwalden, retreated upon learning the fate of the battle of Morgarten. Thus the three cantons once more drew the breath of liberty, and they testified their gratitude to a gracious Providence, by a solemn thanksgiving, and ordaining an annual festival in honour of the day. So unbroken have the customs of these simple but heroic communities continued, that after a lapse of more than five centuries, the anniversary of Morgarten continues to be celebrated in the same form and in the same costume in which the original heroes of the day went through its ceremonies.

Thus did the happy valour and indomitable energy of William Tell lead on his countrymen to a successful vindication of their rights. He is, therefore, justly considered as the champion of Swiss independence, for the bravery which emancipated the three cantons, gradually attracted the other states to partake the benefit of the union, and thus the great Helvetic confederacy was ultimately consolidated. In the country which was the immediate scene of his exploits, his name is venerated as that of its great benefactor. Two chapels yet survive to commemorate the place of his residence, and the spot to which he sprang from the boat in which Gessler was conveying him to Kussnacht. The peasants yet celebrate his praises in national ballads, or relate with exultation

the stories concerning him, which tradition has handed down through the lapse of ages.

Nothing more is certainly known of William Tell than has been here related. That he took an active part in the conflicts by which the freedom of the cantons was secured, may be safely concluded from the intrepidity of his character and his proficiency in arms. After the cessation of hostilities, he retired to the spot on which he had first drawn breath, Burglen, and there he lived happy and retired in the exercise of husbandry for forty-seven years. He left two sons, William and Walter, who cultivated their father's farm, and propagated his name. But in 1684, his last male descendant died, and in 1720, the female branch becoming also extinct, there is now no one left to claim so illustrious an ancestor.

IN Bradbury's Travels in the Interior of America, a work now seldom seen, there occurs the following singular adventure of a man named John Colter, who had been traversing the Indian hunting-grounds in the great western prairies :

Colter came to St Louis in May 1810, in a small canoe, from the head-waters of the Missouri, a distance of 3000 miles, which he traversed in thirty days. I saw him on his arrival, and received from him an account of his adventures, after he had separated from Lewis and Clark's party. I shall relate one anecdote for its singularity. On the arrival of the party at the head-waters of the Missouri, Colter, observing an appearance of abundance of beaver being there, got permission to remain and hunt for some time, which he did in company with a man of the name of Dixon, who had traversed the immense tract of country from St Louis to the head-waters of the Missouri alone. Soon after, he separated from Dixon, and

trapped in company with a hunter named Potts; and, aware of the hostility of the Blackfeet Indians, one of whom had been killed by Lewis, they set their traps at night, and took them up early in the morning, remaining concealed during the day. They were examining their traps early one morning, in a creek about six miles from that branch of the Missouri called Jefferson Fork, and were ascending in a canoe, when they suddenly heard a great noise, resembling the trampling of animals; but they could not ascertain the fact, as the high perpendicular banks on each side of the river impeded their view. Colter immediately pronounced it to be occasioned by Indians, and advised an instant retreat, but was accused of cowardice by Potts, who insisted that the noise was caused by buffaloes; and they proceeded on. In a few minutes afterwards, their doubts were removed by a party of Indians making their appearance on both sides of the creek, to the amount of 500 or 600, who beckoned them to come ashore. As retreat was now impossible, Colter turned the head of the canoe, and at the moment of its touching, an Indian seized the rifle belonging to Potts; but Colter, who is a remarkably strong man, immediately retook it, and handed it to Potts, who remained in the canoe, and on receiving it, pushed off into the river. He had scarcely quitted the shore, when an arrow was shot at him, and he cried out: 'Colter, I am wounded!' Colter remonstrated with him on the folly of attempting to escape, and urged him to come ashore. Instead of complying, he instantly levelled his rifle at the Indian, and shot him dead on the spot. This conduct, situated as he was, may appear to have been an act of madness, but it was doubtless the effect of sudden but sound reasoning, for, if taken alive, he must have expected to be tortured to death, according to their custom. He was instantly pierced with arrows so numerous, that, to use Colter's words, 'he was made a riddle of.' They now seized Colter, stripped him entirely naked, and began to consult on the manner in which he should be put to death. They were at first inclined to set him up as a

mark to shoot at, but the chief interfered, and seizing him by the shoulder, asked him if he could run fast. Colter, who had been some time amongst the Kee-katso or Crow Indians, had in a considerable degree acquired the Blackfoot language, and was also well acquainted with Indian customs: he knew that he had now to run for his life, with the dreadful odds of 500 or 600 against him, and those armed Indians; he therefore cunningly replied, that he was a very bad runner, although he was considered by the hunters as remarkably swift. The chief now commanded the party to remain stationary, and led Colter out on the prairie 300 or 400 yards, and released him, bidding him save himself if he could. At this instant, the horrid war-whoop sounded in the ears of poor Colter, who, urged with the hope of preserving life, ran with a speed at which he himself was surprised. He proceeded towards the Jefferson Fork, having to traverse a plain six miles in breadth, abounding with the prickly-pear, on which he was every instant treading with his naked feet. He ran nearly half-way across the plain before he ventured to look over his shoulder, when he perceived that the Indians were very much scattered, and that he had gained ground to a considerable distance from the main body; but one Indian, who carried a spear, was much before all the rest, and not more than 100 yards from him. A faint gleam of hope now cheered the heart of Colter: he derived confidence from the belief that escape was within the bounds of possibility; but that confidence was nearly fatal to him, for he exerted himself to such a degree, that the blood gushed from his nostrils, and soon almost covered the forepart of his body. He had now arrived within a mile of the river, when he distinctly heard the appalling sound of footsteps behind him, and every instant expected to feel the spear of his pursuer. Again he turned his head, and saw the savage not twenty yards from him. Determined, if possible, to avoid the expected blow, he suddenly stopped, turned round, and spread out his arms. The Indian, surprised by the suddenness of the action,

and perhaps by the bloody appearance of Colter, also attempted to stop, but, exhausted with running, he fell whilst endeavouring to throw his spear, which stuck in the ground, and broke. Colter instantly snatched up the pointed part, with which he pinned him to the earth, and then continued his flight. The foremost of the Indians, on arriving at the place, stopped till others came up to join them, when they set up a hideous yell. Every moment of this time was improved by Colter, who, although fainting and exhausted, succeeded in gaining the skirting of the Cotton-tree Wood, on the borders of the Fork, through which he ran, and plunged into the river. Fortunately for him, a little below this place was an island, against the upper part of which a raft of drifttimber had lodged. He dived under the raft, and after several efforts, got his head above water amongst the trunks of trees, covered over with smaller wood to the depth of several feet. Scarcely had he secured himself, when the Indians arrived on the river, screeching and yelling, as Colter expressed it, like so many devils.' They were frequently on the raft during the day, and were seen through the chinks by Colter, who was congratulating himself on his escape, until the idea arose that they might set the raft on fire. In horrible suspense, he remained until night, when, hearing no more of the Indians, he dived under the raft, and swam silently down the river to a considerable distance, where he landed, and travelled all night. Although happy in having escaped from the Indians, his situation was still dreadful: he was completely naked, under a burning sun-the soles of his feet were entirely filled with the thorns of the prickly-pear he was hungry, and had no means of killing game, although he saw abundance around him, and was at least seven days' journey from Lisa's Fort, on the Bighorn branch of the Roche Jaune River. These were circumstances under which almost any man but an American hunter would have despaired. He arrived at the fort in seven days, having subsisted on a root much esteemed by the Indians of the Missouri.