66 "bunch of pearls as big as the flames at the top of it, it Gen. Dict. "would not purchase his life." It is thought the violent death of this gentleman, and a fenfe of public calamities, brought on his laft illness, which carried him off in the month of January, 1686. Dr. William Sherlock, afterwards dean of St. Paul's, who preached dr. Calamy's funeral fermon, obferves: "That in his fermons his chief care was to explain "the articles of faith and rules of life; what we must believe, and how we must live, that we may be eternally hap"py: and he did, as a faithful fervant ought to do, as he "declared a little before his death, he never preached any "thing, but what he himself firmly believed to be true... "When a prevailing faction threatened both church and "ftate, and the fears of popery were thought a sufficient "juftification of the moft illegal and irreligious methods to "keep it out; when it was fcandalous to speak a word ei"ther for the king or the church; when cunning men were "filent; and those who affected popularity, fwam with the "ftream, then this great and good man durft reform schism "and faction, durft teach men to conform to the church, "and to obey and honour the king; durft vindicate the de"fpifed church of England, and the hated doctrine of paffive "obedience, though one was thought to favour popery, and "the other to introduce flavery. But he was above the pow"erful charms of names, and liked truth never the worfe "because it was mifcalled. His public fermons preached in "those days, and printed by public authority, are lafting "proofs of this; and yet he was no papift neither; but durft "reprove the errors of popery, when fome others, who "made the greatest noife and outcry about it, grew wife “and cautious.... And yet he did not needlefly pro"voke any man: he gave no hard words, but thought it se"vere enough to confute mens errors, without upbraiding or "reproaching their perfons. His converfation was courteous "and affable to all men; foft and eafy, as his principles "were stubborn. He could yield any thing but the truth, "and bear with any thing but the vices of men." The pieces he printed in his life-time were, feven fermons on feveral occafions: thirteen others were published in one volume after his death. CALAMY (EDMUND) a very eminent divine among the nonconformifts, grandfon to mr. Edmund Calamy, minister of Aldermanbury, by his eldeft fon mr. Edmund Calamy, (who was ejected out of the living of VOL. III. Moreton C Ibid. Moreton in Effex, on St. Bartholomew's day, 1662,) was Gen. Dict. born April 5, 1671; and having made a confiderable progrefs in grammar learning at feveral private schools, and under mr. Hartcliffe, at Merchant Taylors, where he conBiogr. Brit. tracted a close friendship with mr. Dawes, afterwards fir William Dawes, and archbishop of York; as alfo with mr. Hugh Boulter, the late primate of Ireland; he went thro' a course of logic, natural philofophy, and metaphyficks, under the tuition of mr. Samuel Craddock, at the academy kept by him at Wickham Brook in Suffolk. In March, 1688, he went over to the university of Utrecht, where he ftudied philofophy under De Vries, and civil law under Vander Muyden, and attended Grævius's lectures upon Sophocles and Puffendorf's Introduction. His application to his ftudies at this place was fo great, that he spent one whole Gen. Di&t. night every week among his books; and his proficiency therein gained him the friendship of two of his countrymen at that univerfity, who rofe afterwards to very high stations in church and state, lord Charles Spencer, the famous earl of Sunderland, and his tutor mr. Charles Trimnell, afterwards fucceffively bishop of Norwich and of Winchester, with both of whom he kept up his acquaintance as long as he and they lived. Whilft he refided in Holland, an offer of a profeffor's chair in the univerfity of Edinburgh was made him by mr. Carftairs, principal of that univerfity, fent over on purpose to find a perfon properly qualified for fuch an office; which he declined, and returned to England in 1691, bringing with him letters from Grævius to dr. Pocock, canon of Christ church, and regius profeffor of Hebrew, and to dr. Edward Bernard, Savilian profeffor of aftronomy, who obtained leave for him to profecute his ftudies in the Bodleian library. His refiding at Oxford procured him the acquaintance of the learned mr. Henry Dodwell. Having refolved to make divinity his principal ftudy, he entered into an examination of the controversy between the conformifts and nonconformifts; which determined him to join the latter and coming to London in 1692, he was unanimously chofen affiftant to mr. Matthew Sylvefter at Blackfriars; and on the 22d of June, 1694, he was ordained at mr. Annefley's meeting-house in Little St. Helens, and foon after was invited to become affiftant to mr. Daniel Williams in Hand-alley. October 20, 1702, he was chofen to be one of the lecturers at Salters-hall, and in 1703 fucceeded mr. Vincent Alfop, as paftor of a great congregation in Westminster. He drew up the table of Ibid. con contents to mr. Baxter's Hiftory of his life and times, which was fent to the prefs in 1696, made fome remarks on the work itself, and added to it an index; and reflecting on the usefulness of the book, he faw the expediency of continuing it, for mr. Baxter's hiftory came no lower than 1684. Accordingly he compofed An abridgment of it; with an account of many others of thofe minifters, who were ejected after the restoration of king Charles II. their apology for themselves and their adherents; cone taining the grounds of their nonconformity and practice, as to ftated and occafional communion with the church of England; and a continuation of their history till the year 1691. This work was published in 1702. The fol- Ger. Diện lowing year mr, Hoadley (now lord bifhop of Winchefter) publifhed the two parts of his Reasonableness of confor mity to the church of England. . . . in anfwer to mr. Calamy's Abridgment of mr. Baxter's hiftory, &c, In anfwer to thefe treatifes, mr. Calamy published the fame year, A defence of moderate nonconformity, Soon after mr. Hoadley fent abroad, A ferious admonition to mr. Calamy, occafioned by the first part of his Defence of moderate nonconformity, Next year mr, Calamy published the fecond part of his Defence of moderate nonconformity; with an answer to mr. Hoadley's ferious admonition. In 1705, he fent abroad the third part of his Defence; to which was added, a letter to mr. Hoadley, in anfwer to his Defence of the reasonablenefs of conformity,' In 1707, mr. Hoadly published his Defence of epifcopal ordination; and mr. Calamy drew up a reply, both to the argumentative and hiftorical part of it, but forbore printing it, as he tells us himself in his Abridgment of Baxter's life, that he might not give his antagonist any disturbance in the purfuit of that political conteft, in which Biogr. Brit, he was fo happily engaged, and fo much to the fatisfaction of the true lovers of his country, In 1709, mr. Calamy made a tour to Scotland, and had the degree of doctor in divinity conferred on him by the univerfities of Edinburgh, Aberdeen, and Glasgow, In 1713, he published a fecond edition of his Abridgment of my. Baxter's Hiftory of his life and times; in which, among other additions, there is a continuation of the hiftory through king William's reign, and queen Anne's, down to the paffing of the occafional bill; and in the clofe is fubjoined the reformed liturgy, which was drawn up and prefented to the bishops in 1661; that the world may judge "(be fays in the preface) how fairly the ejected minifters ss have Gen, Dict "have been often represented as irreconcilable enemies to "all liturgies." In 1718, he wrote A vindication of his grandfather and feveral other perfons, against certain reflections caft upon them by mr. archdeacon Echard in his Hiftory of England; and in 1728, appeared his Continuation of the account of the minifters, lecturers, mafters, and fellows of colleges, and schoolmafters, who were ejected and filenced after the restoration in 1660, by, or before the act of uniformity. He died June 3, 1732, greatly Biogr. Brit, regretted, not only by the diffenters, but alfo by the moderate members of the established church, both clergy and laity, with many of whom he lived in great intimacy. Mr. Daniel Mayo, by whom his funeral fermon was preached, obferves, that he was of a candid and benevolent difpofi❝tion, and very moderate with regard to differences in point "of religion." Befides the pieces already mentioned, he published a great many fermons on feveral fubjects and occafions, particularly A vindication of that celebrated text, 1 John v. 7. from being spurious, and an explanation of it on the fuppofition of being genuine, in four fermons, preached at the Salters-hall lectures. He was twice married and had thirteen children. Ibid. CALASIO (MARIUS) a Francifcan, and profeffor of the Hebrew language at Rome, of whom there is very little to be faid, but that he published there in the year 1621, A concordance of the Bible, which confifted of four great volumes in folio. This work, which is properly a concordance of Hebrew words, has been highly approved and commended by both papists and proteftants, and is indeed a most admirable work. For, befides the Hebrew words in the Bible, which are in the body of the book, with the Latin verfion over-against them; there are in the margin the differences between the Septuagint verfion and the Vulgate; fo that at one view may be feen, wherein the three Bibles agree, and wherein they differ. Moreover, at the beginning of every article there is a kind of dictionary, which gives the fignification of each Hebrew word, and affords an opportunity of comparing it with other oriental languages, viz. with the Syriac, Arabic, Chaldee; and this is extremely useful for Moreri, &c. determining more exactly the true meaning of the Hebrew words. The plan of this Hebrew concordance was taken from a concordance of rabbi Nathan, which was printed first at Venice, and afterwards at Bafile, much augmented by rabbi' Mordochee. Calafio's concordance has lately been published in London London by Romaine, but very incorrectly, as it is faid; and there is also reason to think, from what dr. Sharp and others have obferved, that the fidelity of the editor, who is an Hutchinfonian, cannot altogether be depended on. It is certain at least, that the learned in these matters greatly prefer the old edition. CALDERWOOD (DAVID) a famous divine of the Biogr. Brit. church of Scotland, and a diftinguished writer in behalf of the prefbyterians, was defcended of a good family in that kingdom, and being early defigned for the miniftry, he applied with great diligence to the ftudy of the scriptures in their original tongues, the works of the fathers, the councils, and the best writers on church hiftory. He was fettled, about the year 1604, at Crelling, not far from Jedburgh, in the fouth of Scotland. King James the fixth of that country, and the first of Great Britain, being defirous of bringing the church of Scotland to a near conformity with that of England, laboured earnestly to reftore the epifcopal authority, and enlarge the powers of the bishops who were then in that kingdom. This defign was very warmly oppofed by many of the minifters, and particularly by mr. David Calderwood, who, when mr. James Law, bifhop of Orkney, came to vifit the prefbyteries of the Merfe and Teviotdale, declined his jurifdiction, by a paper under his hand, dated May 5, 1608, But the king, having its fuccefs much at heart, sent the earl of Dunbar [A], then high-treasurer of Scotland, [A] This able statefman George Hume, earl of Dunbar, had been first created baron Hume of Berwick, which was an English honour, and afterwards earl of Dunbar in Scotland; and held the place of chancellor of the exchequer in England at the fame time with that of high treafurer of Scotland. He was commiffioner to the general affembly held at Linlithgow, in 1606; and procured the fettling of conftant moderators; which was a great step to the reftoring of epifcopal authority: fir James Balfour tells us (Annals of Scotland in the univerfity library at Glafgow, MS. I. 335.) he carried this point by diftributing the fum of forty thou fand marks amongst the most needy C 3 gow, |