Scotland, with dr. Abbot, afterwards archbishop of Canter bury, and two other divines, into that kingdom, with infructions to employ every method to perfuade both the clergy and the laity, of his majefty's fincere defire to promote the good of the church, and of his zeal for the protestant religion. Mr. Calderwood did not affift at the general affembly held at Glasgow, June 8, 1610, in which lord Dunbar prefided as commiffioner; and it appears from his writings, that he looked upon every thing tranfacted in it as null and void. Exceptions were also taken by him and his party against a great part of the proceedings of another general aflembly held with much folemnity at Aberdeen, Auguft 13, 1616. In May following, king James went to Scotland, and on the 17th of June, held a parliament at Edinburgh : Biogt. Brit. at the fame time the clergy met in one of the churches, to hear and advise with the bishops; which kind of affembly, it feems, was contrived in imitation of the English convocation. Mr. Calderwood was prefent at it, but declared publickly, that he did not take any fuch meetings to refemble a convocation; and being oppofed by dr. Whitford and dr. Hamilton, who were friends to the bishops, he took his leave of them in these words. "It is abfurd to fee men fitting in filks and fattins, and to cry poverty in the kirk, when purity is departing." The parliament proceeded in the mean over gow, James Colvině, à Scottish hall the penult of January. So cently his daughter's marriage "with the lord Walden. He pur"pofed to keep St. George's day "after in Berwick, where he had "almost finished a fumptuous and "glorious palace, which standeth "yet as a monument to testify that the curfe, which was pronounced "against the rebuilders of Jeri"cho, was executed upon him. "Of all that he conquished in "Scotland, there is not left to his "pofterity fo much as a foot breadth "of land." Bishop Spotswood fays (Hiftory p. 516.) he was a man "of deep wit, few words, and in "his majesty's fervice no lefs faith"ful than fortunate. The most "difficile affairs he compassed with"out any noife, and never return ed, when he was employed, "without the work performed he was fent to do," Biogr. Brit. 1. Becaufe Spotfwood's the church while in the dispatch of bufinefs; and mr. Calderwood, with feveral other minifters, being informed that a bill was depending to empower the king, with advice of the archbifhops, bifhops, and fuch a number of the miniftry as his majefty fhould think proper, to confider and conclude, as to matters decent for the external policy of the church, not repugnant to the word of God; and that fuch conclufions fhould have the ftrength and power of ecclefiaftical laws : against this they protested for four reasons. their church was fo perfect, that inftead of needing reforma- hiftory of 2. General affem- of Scotland, tion, it might be a pattern to others. 2. General affemblies, as now established by law, and which ought always to p. 530, 535. continue, might by this means be overthrown. 3. Becaufe Biogr. Brit. it might be a means of creating schism, and disturb the tranquility of the church. 4. Becaufe they had received affurances, that no attempts fhould be made to bring them to a conformity with the church of England. They defired therefore, that for these and other reafons, all thoughts of paffing any fuch law may be laid afide; but in cafe this be not done, they proteft for themselves, and their brethren who fhall adhere to them, that they can yield no obedience to this law when it fhall be enacted, because it is deftructive of the liberty of the church; and therefore shall submit to fuch penalties, and think themselves obliged to undergo fuch punishments, as may be inflicted for difobeying that law. This protest was figned by mr. Archibald Simpfon, on behalf of the members, who subscribed another feparate roll, which he kept for his juftification. This proteft was delivered to mr. Peter Hewet, who had a feat in parliament, in order to be presented, and another copy remained in mr. Simpson's hands to be presented in cafe of any accident happening to the other. The affair making a great noife, dr. Spotfwood, archbishop of St. Andrews, afked a fight of the proteft from Hewet, one day at court, and upon fome difpute between them, it was torn. The other copy was actually prefented by mr. Simpfon to the clerk regifter, who refufed to read it before the ftates in parliament. However, the proteft, tho' not read, had its effect; for although the bill beforementioned, or, as the Scottish phrafe is, the article, had the confent of parliament, yet the king thought fit to cause it to be laid afide; and not long after called a general affembly at St. Andrews. Soon after, the parliament was diffolved, and mr. Simpson was fummoned before the high commiffion court, where the roll of names, which he had kept for his juftification, was demanded from him; and upon his de C 4 claring claring that he had given it to mr. Harrison, who had fince delivered it mr. Calderwood, he was fent prifoner to the caftle of Edinburgh, and mr. Calderwood was fummoned to appear before the high commiffion court at St. Andrews, on the 8th of July following, to exhibit the faid proteft, and to answer for his mutinous and feditious behaviour. July 12, the king came to that city in perfon, and foon after mr. Hewet and mr. Simpson were deprived and imprifoned. After this mr. Calderwood was called upon, and refufing to comply with what the king in perfon required of him, James committed him to prifon; and afterwards privy council, according to the power exercifed by them at that time, directed him to banifh himself out of the king's dominions before Michaelmas following, and not to return without licence; and upon giving fecurity for this purpose, he was difcharged out of prison, and fuffered to return to his parish, but forbid to preach. Having applied to the king for a prorogation of his fentence without fuccefs, because he would neither acknowledge his offence, nor promife conformity for the future, he retired to Holland. In 1623 he published his celebrated treatise, entitled, Altare Damafcenum, feu ecclefiæ Anglicanæ politia, ecclefiæ Scoticanæ obtrufa, a formalifta quodam delineata; illuftrata et examinata. The author of the preface prefixed to Calderwood's True hiftory of the church of Scotland, tells us, that, "the author of this very learned and celebrated treatise "doth irrefragably and unanfwerably demonftrate the ini"quity of defigning and endeavouring to model and con"form the divinely fimple worship, difcipline, and go"vernment of the church of Scotland, to the pattern of "the pompously prelatic and ceremonious church of Eng"land: under fome conviction whereof it feems king James "himfelf was, though implacably displeased with it, when, "being after the reading of it fomewhat penfive, and being afked the reafon by an English prelate ftanding by, "and obferving it, he told him he had feen and read fuch a book; whereupon the prelate telling his majefty not "to fuffer that to trouble him for they would answer it, "he replied, not without fome paffion: What will you an"fwer, man? There is nothing here than fcripture, rea"fon, and fathers." Mr. Calderwood having in the year 1624 been afflicted with a long fit of fickness, and nothing having been heard of him for fome time, one mr. Patrick Scot (as Calderwood himself informs us) took it for granted that he was dead, and thereupon wrote a recantation in his name, as if before his decease he had changed his fen timents. timents. This impofture being detected, Scot went over in the month of November to Holland, and ftaid three weeks at Amfterdam, where he made diligent fearch for the author of Altare Damafcenum, with a defign, as mr. Calderwood believed, to have dispatched him. But Calderwood had privately returned into his own country, where he remained for feveral years. Scot gave out that the king furnished him with the matter for the pretended recantation, and that he only put it in order. During his retirement, mr. Calderwood collected all the memorials relating to the ecclefiaftical affairs of Scotland, from the beginning of the reformation there, down to the death of king James: which collection is ftill preserved in the university library at Glafgow; that which was published under the title of The true history of Scotland, is only an extract from it. In the advertisement prefixed to the last edition of his Altare Damafcenum, mention is made of his being minifter at Pencaithland near Edinburgh, in 1638; but we found nothing faid there or any where else of his death. That he was a man of quick parts and found learning we find from his writings, which are highly valued by the beft writers on the fide of nonconformity. Oxon. CALDWALL (RICHARD) or Chaldwell, a learned English phyfician, was born in the county of Stafford about the year 1513. He was admitted into Brazen Nofe college Wood's in Oxford, of which he was in due feafon elected fellow. Athen. When he took his master of arts degree, he entered upon the phyfick line, and became one of the fenior ftudents of Chrift church in the year 1547, which was a little after its laft foundation by king Henry VIII. Afterwards he took the degrees in the faid faculty, and grew into fuch high efteem for his learning and skill, that he was examined, approved, admitted into, and made cenfor of, the college of phyficians at London, all in one and the fame day. Six weeks after, he was chosen one of the elects of the faid college, and in the year 1570, made prefident of it. Mr. Wood tells us, that he wrote feveral pieces upon subjects relating to his profeffion; but he does not tell us what they were. He mentions a book, written by Horatio More, a Florentine phyfician, and called, The tables of surgery, briefly comprehending the whole art and practice thereof, which Caldwall tranflated into English, and published at London in the year 1585. We learn from Cambden, that Caldwall founded a chirurgical lecture in the college of phy ficians, In annal. ficians, and endowed it with an handfome falary. He died Elizabeth in the year 1585, and was buried at the church of St. Beregin. nedict near Paul's wharf. Lib. xvii. CALLIMACHUS, an ancient Greek poet, was born at Cyrene, a town in Africa; but when, we cannot precifely determine. We fay precifely, because it is agreed, that he flourished under the Ptolemies, Philadelphus, and Euergetes; and that Berenice, queen of the latter, having confecrated her locks in the temple of Venus, and a flattering aftronomer having tranflated them from thence into a conftellation in the heavens, gave occafion to the fine elegy of this poet, which we have now only in the Latin of Catullus. His common name Battiades has made the grammarians ufually affign one Battus for his father; but perhaps he may as well derive that name from king Battus, the founder of Cyrene, from whofe line, as Strabo affures us, he declared himself to be defcended. But whoever was his father, the poet has paid all his duties and obligations to him in a moft delicate epitaph, which we find in the Anthologia; and which fhews, that Martial had good reason to affign him, as he has done, the crown among the Grecian writers of the epigram. The old gentleman is fuppofed thus to addrefs the vifitants at his tomb: Stranger! I beg not to be known, but thus, Chief of a war, the firft enlarg'd his name; Before Callimachus was recommended to the favour of the kings of Egypt, he taught a school at Alexandria; and had the honour of educating Apollonius, the author of the Argonauticks. But Apollonius making an ungrateful return to his master for the pains he had taken with him, Callimachus was provoked to revenge himself in an invective poem, called Ibis; which, it is known, furnished Ovid with a pattern and title for a fatyr of the fame nature. Suidas relates, that Callimachus wrote above eight hundred pieces; of which we have now remaining only a few hymns and epigrams. These were publifhed at Paris in the year 1675, by the ingenious mademoiselle le Fevre, afterwards madame Dacier, with notes critical and learned, This female editor had an |