Bayle. General dam in the year 1722. He wrote, as he himself tells us, feveral other works but they are all perifhed. This however, which has escaped the ruins of time and barbarism, is highly valued, as being the only monument of the Medicina methodica, which is extant. He is allowed by all to be admirable in the history and description of diseases. CÆSALPINUS (ANDREAS) an eminent philofopher and phyfician, was born at Arezzo, about the year 1159. After being long profeffor at Pifa, he became firft physician to pope Clement VIII. It fhould feem from a paffage in his Quæftiones peripateticæ, that he had fome idea of the circulation of the blood. "The lungs, fays he, drawing "the warm blood, thro' a vein [the pulmonary artery] "like the arteries, out of the right ventricle of the heart, "and returning it by an anaftomolis to the venal artery [the "pulmonary vein] which goes to the left ventricle of the "heart, the cool air, being in the mean time let in thro' the "canals of the afpera arteria, which are extended along "the venal artery, but do not communicate with it by in"ofculations, as Galen imagined, cools it only by touch"ing. To this circulation of the blood out of the right "ventricle of the heart thro' the lungs into its left ven❝tricle, what appears upon diffection answers very well: "for there are two veffels which end in the right ventri"cle, and two in the left: but one only carries the blood "in, the other fends it out, the membranes being con"trived for that purpofe." His treatife De plantis entitles him to a place among the capital writers in botany; for he there makes the diftribution of plants into a regular method, formed on their natural fimilitude, as being the most safe and the most useful for helping the memory and discovering their virtues. Yet, which is very furprizing, it was not followed, nor even understood, for near a hundred years. The reftorer of method was Robert Morifon, the first profellor of botany at Oxford. Cæfalpinus died at Rome, Feb. 23, 1603. His Hortus ficcus, confifting of 768 dried fpecimens pafted on 266 large pages, is ftill in being. The titles of his writings are, Kárompor, five fpeculum artis medicæ Hippocraticum. De plantis libri xvi. cum appendice; printed at Florence in 1583. De metallicis libri iii. Quæftionum medicarum libri ii. De medicamentorum facultatibus libri ii. Praxis univerfæ medicinæ. Demonum inveftigatio peripatetica. Quæftionum peripateticarum libri v. . CÆSAR vol. 1. col. iii. CESAR (JULIUS) a learned civilian, was born [A] near Tottenham in Middlesex, in the year 1557. He took the degree of bachelor of arts, May 17, 1575, as a member Biogr. Brit. of Magdalen-hall, Oxford; and went afterwards to ftudy Wood, Fafti, in the university of Paris; where, in the beginning of 1581, he was created doctor of the civil law; to which degree he Biogr. Brit. was alfo admitted in 1583 at Oxford, and two years after became doctor of the canon law. In the reign of queen Eliza- Ibid. beth, he was mafter of requests, judge of the high court of admiralty, and mafter of St. Catherine's hospital near the Tower. Upon king James's acceffion, he was knighted by that prince at Greenwich. He was alfo conftituted chan- Ibid. cellor, and under-treasurer of the exchequer, and, on the 5th of July 1607, fworn of his majesty's privy council. king James. Biogr. Brit. He obtained a reverfionary grant of the office of mafter Ibid. of the rolls, and fucceeded to it on the 1st of October 1614; upon which he refigned his place of chancellor of the exchequer. He was continued privy councellor by king Charles I. and appears to have been alfo cuftos rotulorum of the county of Hertford. Fuller fays, he was chancellor Camden's of the duchy of Lancaster. He died April 28, 1639, in annals of the 79th year of his age, and lies buried in the church of Great St. Helen within Bifhopfgate, London, under a monument defigned by himfelf; which is in form of a deed, and made to resemble ruffled parchment, in allufion to his office, as mafter of the rolls. He was a man of great gravity and integrity, and remarkable for his extenfive bounty and charity to all perfons of worth, or that were in want. He made his grants to all perfons double kindness by expedition, and cloathed (as Lloyd expreffes it) his very denials in fuch robes of courtship, that it was not obviously difcernable, whether the requeft or denial were most decent. He was also very cautious of promifes, left, becoming unable to perform them, he might multiply his enemies, whilft he intended to create friends. Befides, he obferved that great perfons esteem better fuch perfons they have done [A] His father Cæfar Adelmar, (or Dalmarius, Dalmare, or Athelmer) phyfician to queen Mary and queen Elizabeth, was lineally defcended from Adelmar count of Genoa and admiral of France in the reign of Charles the great,A.D.806. This Cæfar Adelmar's mother was daughter to the duke de Cefarini, from whom he had the name of B 2 great great courtefies to, than those they have received great civilities from; looking upon this as their difparagement, the other as their glory [B]. There is an entertaining story that has a relation to him mentioned by lord Clarendon, as follows. "Sir Julius Cæfar was then mafter of the rolls, [in "the reign of king Charles I.] and had inherent in his of"fice the indubitable right and difpofition of the fix "clerks places, all which he had for many years, upon any "vacancy, bestowed to fuch perfons, as he thought fit. One "of those places was become void, and defigned by "the old man to his fon Robert Cæfar, a lawyer of "a good name, and exceedingly beloved. Wefton earl of "Portland, lord treasurer (as he was vigilant in fuch cases) "had procured the king to fend a meffage to the master "of the rolls, exprefsly forbidding him to dispose of that "fix clerk's place, till his majefty's pleasure fhould be fur"ther made known to him. It was the first command of "that kind that had been heard of, and was felt by the "old man very fenfibly. He was indeed very old, and had "outlived moft of his friends; fo that his age was an ob"jection against him; many perfons of quality being dead, "who had, for recompence of fervice, procured the rever"fion of his office. The treasurer found it no hard mat ter, fo far to terrify him, that (for the king's fervice as was "pretended) he admitted for a fix clerk a perfon recom"mended by him (Mr. Fern a dependant upon him) who "paid fix thousand pounds ready money; which, poor man! "he lived to repent in a jayl. This work being done, at "the charge of the poor old man, who had been a privy "counsellor from the entrance of king James, had been "chancellor of the exchequer, and ferved in other offices; "the depriving him of his right made a great noise: and "the condition of his fon (his father being not likely to "live to have the difpofal of another office in his power) "who, as was faid before, was generally beloved, and "esteemed, was argument of great compaffion; and was "livelily, and fuccefsfully reprefented to the king himself; "who was graciously pleased to promife, that, if the old "man chanced to die before any other of the fix clerks, "that office, when it fhould fall, fhould be conferred on his "fon, whofoever fhould fucceed him as mafter of the rolls; [B]Sir Julius Cæfar's manufcripts were fold by publick auction in fundry lots at London, in December 1757, for upwards of five hundred pounds, after being refused by a cheefemonger, as not clean enough for his purpose to serve for wate paper. 66 : 5 "which might well be provided for: and the lord treasurer "obliged himself (to expiate the injury) to procure fome "declaration to that purpose, under his majesty's fign ma"nual; which, however eafy to be done, he long forgot, "or neglected. One day, the earl of Tullibardin, who was "nearly allied to mr. Cæfar, and much his friend, being "with the treasurer, paffionately asked him, whether he had "done that bufinefs? To whom he answered with a feeming "trouble, that he had forgotten it, for which he was hear"tily forry; and if he would give him a little note in "writing, for a memorial, he would put it among thofe "which he would dispatch with the king that afternoon. "The earl presently writ in a little paper, Remember "Cæfar and gave it to him; and he put it into that "little pocket, where, he faid, he kept all his memorials "which were first to be transacted. Many days paffed, and "Cæfar never thought of. At length, when he changed "his cloaths, and he who waited on him in his cham"ber, according to cuftom, brought him all the notes and papers found in thofe he had left off, which he then "commonly perufed; when he found this little billet, in "which was only written Remember Cæfar, and which he "had never read before, he was exceedingly confounded, " and knew not what to make or think of it. He fent for "his bofom friends, and after a ferious and melancholic "deliberation, it was agreed, that it was the advertisement "of fome friend, who durft not own the difcovery; that "it could fignify nothing, but that there was a confpi"racy against his life, by his many and mighty enemies: "and they all knew Cæfar's fate, by contemning or ne"glecting fuch animadverfions." Therefore they advised him Biogr. Brit. to pretend to be indifpofed, that he might not stir abroad all that day, and that none might be admitted to him but perfons of undoubted affection: and that at night fome fervants fhould watch with the porter. "Shortly after, the "earl of Tullibardin asking him, whether he had remem"bered Cæfar? the treasurer quickly recollected the ground "of his perturbation, and could not forbear imparting it to "his friends, and fo the whole jeft came to be discovered." ; CAGLIARI (PAUL) a most excellent painter, was born at Verona in the year 1532. Gabriel Cagliari, his father, was a sculptor; and Antonio Badile, his uncle, was his mafter in painting. He was not only esteemed the best of all the Lombard painters, but for his copious and admirable in B 3 vention, intres. vention, for the grandeur and majefty of his compofition, for the beauty and perfection of his draperies, and for his noble ornaments of architecture, ftiled by the Italians Il pittor feFrefnoy, &c. lice, The happy painter. He drew his first pieces at Mantua, and fome other cities in Italy; but meeting with more employment at Venice, he fettled there; and the best of his works were made, after he returned thither from Rome, and had ftudied the antique. There is fcarce a church in Venice, which has not fome piece or other of his; and De Piles fays, that his picture of the marriage at Cana, in the church of "St. George, is to be diftinguished from his other works, as "being not only the triumph of Paul Veronefe, but almost Vies de Pe-"the triumph of painting itself." When the fenate fent Grimani, procurator of St. Mark, to be their embaffador at Rome, Paul attended him, but did not ftay long, having left fome pieces at Venice unfinished. Philip II. king of Spain, fent for him to paint the Efcurial, and made him great offers; but Paul excufed himself from leaving his own country, where his reputation was fo well established, that most of the princes of Europe ordered their feveral embaffadors, to procure fomething of his hand at any rate. He was a perfon of a noble fpirit, ufed to go richly dreffed, and generally wore a gold chain, which had been prefented to him by the procurators of St. Mark, as a prize he won from several artists his competitors. He had a great idea of his profeffion, having been often heard to fay, that it was a gift from heaven; that to judge of it well, a man muft understand abundance of things; and, what gives us the highest opinion of his moral make, that the fovereign quality of a true painter is probity and integrity of manners. He was highly efteemed by all the principal men in his time; and fo much admired by the great mafters, as well his contemporaries, as those who fucceeded him, that Titian himself ufed to fay, he was the ornament of his profeffion. And Guido Reni being asked, which of the mafters his predeceffors he would choose to be, were it in his power, after Raphael and Corregio, named Paul Veronefe; whom he always called his Paolino. He died of a fever at Venice, in the year 1588, and had a tomb and a ftatue of brass erected in the church of St. Sebastian. Paul left great wealth to his two fons, Gabriel and Charles, who were painters, and lived very happily together. They joined in finishing several pieces left imperfect by their father; and followed his manner fo clofely in other excellent works of their own, that the connoiffeurs do not easily di ftinguifa |