Arcadian illusion (93); the verses which Indignation makes (26 18); Northland Cacus (27 15); Thebes, and in Pelops' line (27 25); Limbo (31 19); Jacobite blood (342); lie at the pool (48 27); twice cursed (55 26); poisonchalice (58 6).

4. MEANING OF WORDS: Explain the meaning (and, if necessary for that purpose, the etymology) of the following words: virtuosos (10 30); modica (48 2); loadstar (51 6); Grazierdom (52 4); Martyrology (58 10); Versemonger (59 20).

5. GRAMMAR: Analyze, in such a way as to show clearly the syntactical structure, the second sentence in paragraph 53 (48 1-6) and the sentence forming paragraph 59 (52 35– 53 6). Parse which exchange (48 4), who (53 4).

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE-BURNS.

1766. Family removes to Mount Oliphant. 1766. Goldsmith, The Vicar of Wakefield.

1781. For several months at Irvine, as a 1781. Schiller, Die Räuber.

1785. The Holy Fair and other satirical 1785. Cowper, The Task. poems. Halloween, The Cotter's

1793. Fourth edition of his poems. Repri-1793. Wordsworth, An Evening Walk.

1816. Appointed mathematical teacher at 1816. Shelley, Alastor.

1837. French Revolution. First course of 1837. lectures.

1845. Life and Letters of Oliver Cromwell. 1845. Poe, The Raven and other Poems.

1866. Lord Rector's address at Edinburgh. 1866. Howells, Venetian Life.

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BURNS1

I. 1. IN the modern arrangements of society, it is no uncommon thing that a man of genius must, like Butler, ask for bread and receive a stone; " for, in spite of our grand maxim of supply and demand, it is by no means the highest excellence that men are most forward to recognise. 5 The inventor of a spinning-jenny is pretty sure of his reward in his own day; but the writer of a true poem, like the apostle of a true religion, is nearly as sure of the contrary. We do not know whether it is not an aggravation of the injustice, that there is generally a posthumous retribution. 10 Robert Burns, in the course of Nature, might yet have been living; but his short life was spent in toil and penury; and he died, in the prime of his manhood, miserable and neglected: and yet already a brave mausoleum shines over his dust, and more than one splendid monument has been 15 reared in other places to his fame; the street where he languished in poverty is called by his name; the highest personages in our literature have been proud to appear as his commentators and admirers; and here is the sixth narrative of his Life that has been given to the world!

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2. Mr. Lockhart thinks it necessary to apologise for this new attempt on such a subject: but his readers, we believe, will readily acquit him; or, at worst, will censure only the performance of his task, not the choice of it. The character of Burns, indeed, is a theme that cannot 25 easily become either trite or exhausted; and will probably gain rather than lose in its dimensions by the distance to

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Edinburgh Review, No. 96: The Life of Robert Burns. By J. G. Lockhart, LL.B. Edinburgh, 1828.

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which it is removed by Time. No man, it has been said, is a hero to his valet; and this is probably true; but the fault is at least as likely to be the valet's as the hero's. For it is certain, that to the vulgar eye few things are 5 wonderful that are not distant. It is difficult for men to believe that the man, the mere man whom they see, nay perhaps painfully feel, toiling at their side through the poor jostlings of existence, can be made of finer clay than themselves. Suppose that some dining acquaintance of 10 Sir Thomas Lucy's, and neighbour of John a Combe's, had snatched an hour or two from the preservation of his game, and written us a Life of Shakspeare! What dissertations should we not have had,-not on Hamlet" and "The Tempest," but on the wool-trade, and deer-stealing, and 15 the libel and vagrant laws; and how the Poacher became a Player; and how Sir Thomas and Mr. John had Christian bowels, and did not push him to extremities! In like manner, we believe, with respect to Burns, that till the companions of his pilgrimage, the Honourable Excise Com20 missioners, and the Gentlemen of the Caledonian Hunt, and the Dumfries Aristocracy, and all the Squires and Earls, equally with the Ayr Writers, and the New and Old Light Clergy, whom he had to do with, shall have become invisible in the darkness of the Past, or visible only by 25 light borrowed from his juxtaposition, it will be difficult to measure him by any true standard, or to estimate what he really was and did, in the eighteenth century, for his country and the world. It will be difficult, we say; but still a fair problem for literary historians; and repeated at30 tempts will give us repeated approximations.

3. His former Biographers have done something, no doubt, but by no means a great deal, to assist us. Dr. Currie and Mr. Walker, the principal of these writers, have both, we think, mistaken one essentially important 35 thing: Their own and the world's true relation to their