TIMBER. Standard Solids with Mental Rules. 75 (1) 1 load of rough timber=40 cub. ft.-price = price per cub. foot in d. as £. (2) 1 load or ton of square timber=50 cub. ft.-price-4s. 2d. × price in d. per cub. foot. (3) 1 ton of shipping=42 cub. ft.-price-3s. 6d. x price in d. per cub. foot. (4) 1 register ton of shipping=100 cub. ft.-price =8s. 4d. x price in d. per cub. foot. (5) 1 load of earth=27 cub. ft.-price=2s. 3d. x price in d. per cub. foot. (6) 1 cord of wood 4 ft. x 4 ft. x 8 ft.-price = 10s. 8d. × price in d. per cub. foot. TIMBER. 1. Board Measure. In board measure all boards are reckoned 1 inch thick. 1 board foot=1 sq. foot (1 inch thick)= c. ft. 12 board feet=1 c. ft. In board and lumber measure estimates are made on 1 inchthickness. of the price is added for every inch-thickness beyond 1 inch. To find the board measure of wood used in carpentry and joinery. Multiply length in ft. by width × thickness in inches and divide by A squared log is one whose sides are flat. A round log is one roughly lopped of its branches. (1) To find cubic content of a squared log. (a) Product of edges if sides are rectangles. (b) Mean area length if sides taper regularly. (2) To find cubic content of a round log. (a) (Very accurately) Mean area × length—the mean area being calculated by measuring the girths in various places, (b) (Accurately) Divide mean girth by 3.545 and multiply square of quotient by length of log. (c) (Commonly) Square of mean girth and multiply by length of log. (3) To find cubic content of any log. A table of the average weight of a cubic ft. in lbs. avoir. for various woods is used and from this the c. content is calculated. (4) To find how many board ft. (sq. ft. 1 inch thick) can be cut from a given log. Multiply length in feet by breadth x thickness (both in inches) and divide by 12. 3. The S. Petersburg Standard Hundred. Baltic and American deals are sold in the English market by the S. Petersburg standard, which is more and more being used as the general basis of value. It consists of 120 pieces, 12 ft. × 11 ins. × 11⁄2 ins. (1) To find no. of S. Petersburg standards in a given no. of c. ft. Divide c. ft. by 165. (2) To find no. of S. Petersburg standards in a given no. of loads. Multiply loads by 2 and divide by 33. (3) To find no. of S. Petersburg standards in a given no. of deals of any other standard. Find c. ft. in given deals and divide by 165. Note. The difference between planks, deals, and battens is that planks are wider, battens narrower, than deals. Battens are commonly sold by the Batten Standard Hundred, i.e. 120 pieces, 12 ft. x 7 ins. x 2 in., but they are increasingly sold by the S. Petersburg standard. Planks are sold by the load of 50 c. ft. or by the S. Petersburg standard. THE S. PETERSBURG STANDARD. 4. Prices of Timber. Square or hewn timber is sold per c. ft. or load of 50 c. ft. Lathwood and firewood per c. fathom. 77 Deals per foot super or per running foot (1440 to S. Petersburg standard) or per S. Petersburg standard. Duties on timber, deals, hewn and sawn woods are calculated per load of 50 c. ft. (1) To compare values of other standards with S. Petersburg standard-given price per standard hundred. Use 11 x 1 as basis = 163. Rule. Multiply price by 2 x width x thickness in inches and divide by 33. Ex. 27 battens-price per S. Petersburg standard £10. .. price per hundred = £10 × 3 = £10.12s. 1d. (2) To compare values of other standards with S. Petersburg standard-given price per foot run. Use 1440 as basis to find no. of equivalent linear feet. .. price per hundred = 1056 × price per foot run. (3) To compare value of a load of timber-given price per standard hundred. Use 165 c. ft. as basis. Rule. Multiply price by 10 and divide by 33. (4) Special rule for timber squares and fractions. Consider each square £5, each sq. ft. 1s., each twelfth 1d. Then use Practice for the Price. Find price of EXAMPLES. 1. Hundred of deals 3 × 10 at 61d. per ft. run S. Petersburg standard. 2. Hundred of deals 3 × 9 at £10. 178. 8d. per S. Petersburg standard. 3. Hundred of deals 2× 10 at £15. 128. 8d. per S. Petersburg standard. 4. Hundred of deals 21×9 at 3d. per ft. run S. Petersburg standard. 5. Hundred of deals 3 x 11 at 1s. 1ğd. per ft. run S. Petersburg standard. 6. 25 loads at £15. 11s. 6d. per S. Petersburg standard. 8. 420 c. ft. at £12. 11s. 9d. per S. Petersburg standard. 9. 10. 5. Standards and Prices in Trades. 1. Carpentry is estimated by the foot run or sq. foot. 2. Joinery is estimated by the sq. foot or sq. of 100 sq. ft. The timber used in carpentry is reduced to c. ft., but in joinery it is estimated by the ft. super. Flooring per square of 100 sq. ft. Parquet floors per foot super. Door frames per foot cube-doors per foot super. Staircases per foot super. 3. Glazing is estimated per sq. ft.-by duodecimals (dimensions ft., ins., parts). Crossbars are included in general measure. Ovals are taken as rectangular. Glass is measured per foot super. 4. Painting is estimated per sq. yd.-allowance for difficult places. Charges at price per sq. yd. per coat. Writing-height of letters measured and charged per inch run. 5. Room-papering is estimated per sq. ft. or per sq. yd. or per square. Paper is sold in pieces of 12 yds. of given width (generally 21 ins. wide) or per yd. of given width. One piece in ten is allowed for waste except in small patterns. TRADE STANDARDS. 79 (1) Rule for no. of pieces required for a room-find area of walls in sq. ft. and divide by 36 x width in ft. (2) Rule for finding area of walls—multiply 2 × (length+breadth) by height. Allowance must be made for doors, windows, fire-places etc. 6. Carpeting is estimated per sq. yd. or per yd. of given width (or per carpet). Rule for area of floor or ceiling-multiply length by breadth. 7. Plastering is estimated per sq. yd. or per square for plain work, per sq. ft. for plain cornices, per ft. run for carved cornices. 8. Whitewashing is estimated yer sq. ft. or sq. yd. 9. Distempering is estimated per yd. super. Mouldings are measured per ft. or yd. run. 10. Brickwork is measured by the sq. yd. or sq. perch. Standard rod of brickwork=272 sq. ft. (1 bricks thick). Standard rod of reduced brickwork=408 sq. ft. (1 brick thick). In estimating no. of bricks—add in. to thickness of the brick for mortar. Rule for sq. yds. or rods of brickwork. Multiply length x height of wall x yds.) or 2724 (for rods). thickness in bricks ÷9 (for sq. 3 272 sq. ft. of bricks-1 thick-require 4500 bricks with waste. A bricklayer's standard perch is also recognised-163 ft. × 1 ft. × 14 ins.19 c. ft. 11. Masonry is estimated per ft. super, per c. ft. or yd., per standard perch. The mason's standard perch is 16 ft. x 1 ft. x 18 ins. =243 c. ft. Concrete per c. yd. if 12 inches thick or over-per sq. yd. if under 12 inches thick. Granite per sq. yd. Asphalte per ft. super. 12. Paving is measured per sq. foot or sq. yd. 13. Excavating is estimated per cubic yd. 1 ton of soil occupies 18 c. ft. 6 gallons 1 pint of water weigh 62 lbs. Rule for finding water in a well. Multiply circumference by diameter and product by depth. 14. Plumbing materials-pipes are reckoned per foot run. 15. Slating is measured by foot super or per sq. of 100 sq. ft. |