FIG. V. Obstruction of sigmoid flexure by cancerous growth; (a) columnar epithelium and nuclei; (b) fibrous tissue beneath the mucous membrane; (e) interspaces filled with nuclei; (c) surface of mucous membrane composed of dense fibre tissue.-Case CC.

PLATE IV.

FIG. I. Cæcum inverted, appendix towards the pelvis, where it was adherent; ascending colon commencing opposite the ileum.-Case CXXIX.

FIG. II. Cæcum inverted and twisted on its own axis into the left hypochondriac region, appendix close to the spleen; ascending colon constricted; constriction increased by band of adhesion to the sigmoid flexure, which appeared to have been the primary cause of the fatal twist and obstruction.-Case CXXX.

FIG. III. Position of intestines in case of intussusception of cæcum and ascending colon into descending colon and sigmoid flexure; the commencement of the rectum is drawn from its position, to show the strangulated bowel within. Dr. Hughes' case, No. CXCII.

PLATE V.

Dissection showing the distribution of the pneumogastric nerve on the anterior surface of the stomach, its extension to the pancreas and pylorus, and its connection with the semilunar ganglia, &c.; (a) œsophageal extremity of the stomach; (b) pylorus; (cc) pneumogastric nerves; (ee) branch of the pneumogastric to the pancreas, connected also with the sympathetic, and then passing onwards to the pylorus; (ƒƒ) other branches to the pylorus; (gggg) branches of the pneumogastric nerve distributed on the anterior surface of the stomach, presenting a peculiar dichotomous division, and repeated union of its branches; (hhhhhh) splanchnic nerves; (i) aorta; (j) diaphragmatic artery, with a filament of nerve upon it; (kk) coronary artery; (1) splenic artery; (m) hepatic artery turned aside from its position in front of the aorta, and from its origin at the cæliac axis; and thus it appears to be behind the aorta; the large branches of the sympathetic nerve upon it are continuous with the portion of ganglion (*) close to the coronary artery; (n) vena portæ; (oo) supra-renal capsules receiving numerous nerve filaments; (rr) semilunar ganglia, and descending branches to the mesenteric artery and renal plexus, &c.; (s) mesenteric artery drawn aside. In this distribution of nerves, the close sympathy of the stomach with the parts supplied by the semilunar ganglion is explained; thus, it is brought into connection with the liver by its hepatic branches, with the pancreas, with the diaphragm and phrenic nerve, with the supra-renal capsules, and by its descending branches with other abdominal viscera.