as the nerves were divided, the pain ceased, A perfect cure of the fits was effected by the and has never occurred since, I placed the operation, and the patient has enjoyed otherhand upon a splint to bring it back again to its wise good health. natural position, and the lady was ever after Division of a nerve for Chorea and Spasms. free from pain, recovered her health, and has had the use of her hand as usual. In 1848 I was called to see Miss Aof Buxton, Me., who at that time had chorea Division of Nerve for Neuralgia in the Foot. or involuntary motions of the head, neck, and In 1851 I was called to see a Mrs. P, arms. The ordinary treatment for such comof Hollis, Me., aged 22 years, who some two plaints only had temporary effect. At length years previous had trod upon a sharp nail, which the case seemed to change to spasms of the penetrated the sole of the foot, at the outer whole system, which would be occasioned by side, although it was difficult to ascertain the any excitement, even the entrance of a stranprecise point where it entered at the time I ger into the house. At the time I was first was called. She had, after a short time, sub-called I could not ascertain, upon the closest sequent to the injury, experienced at intervals inquiry, that any nerve could have been ingreat pain in the foot and leg, which had dis-jured by a wound or blow. But at length it was enabled her, during the paroxysms, from walk- recollected that the patient, just before the ing, and the foot had become somewhat thick- nervous symptoms appeared, had a swelling upened, and, especially during the paroxysms of on the side of the chin, and that it was lanced, pain, very tender. From the fact that there which operation gave great pain, and there was numbness of the little toe, and the side of was no discharge of matter at the time nor the next toe to it also, I inferred that the ex-subsequently, the swelling gradually subsiding. ternal plantar nerve was affected or injured by Upon examination the cicatrix was discovered, the introduction of the nail. I cut down upon and I became satisfied that one of the cervico the nerve and its fellow (Internal Plantar) on facial branches which communicate with the the inner side of the heel, near where the plan- superficialis colli nerve was the nerve implicattar nerves issue from the Posterior Tibial, and ed. Finding it most accessible just behind the after separating them, divided the external angle of the lower maxillary bone, I cut down plantar, removing a section of it, and then upon it and divided it, and although the operadressed the wound. The patient was instantly relieved of her pain, and has suffered no inconvenience or pain in the foot since. tion was performed March, 1852, the patient has never had a spasm or other unfavorable symptom, which could be attributable to this disordered nerve. At any From the above cases, which were indeed and public at large, I cannot but regard it as of peculiar interest to me, to the patient, friends, good practice, under such circumstances,-viz., of mechanical injury of the nerve,—to effect a where there are such phenomena as the result division of the nerve between the injured point and the brain, believing that in almost every case the operation will effect a cure. rate, as no injury can possibly accrue to the patient from the operation, if it be skilfully geon's duty, not to resort to the measure, where performed, it is clearly an omission of the surthe symptoms are plainly traceable to a mechanical injury of the affected nerve. When Galvanic Battery will materially aid in making the case is somewhat obscure, the use of the a diagnosis of the case.-Med. Ref. Division of a Nerve for Epilepsy. Mr. V, a young man aged 20 years, of Windham, Me., applied to me for advice in 1854. At the age of 12 years, his leg was amputated above the knee, for disease of the knee joint. Ever after the healing up of the stump this patient had regular paroxysms of Epilepsy, or sometimes there would be spasms not amounting to fits. His general health ap peared to be good. He was corpulent and robust. From the history of the case I was satisfied that the cause of the spasms or fits must be traced to mechanical pressure upon or around the extremity of the nerves of the leg by the cicatrix of the stump. Upon the ap plication of the battery there was a marked difference between the sensibility of the crural and ischiatic nerves, the latter being very sensitive and tender. I divided the ischiatic nerve by cutting down upon it where it passes between the trachanter major and tuberosity of A Library. Harvard College now numbers the ischium, which was very tender to the in all its libraries more than 100,000 volumes. touch, dressed the wound, and gave the patient Seventy thousand books and 30,000 pamphlets a tonic and nervine combined for a few days. constitute the Public Library in Gore Hall MELANOSIS AFFECTING BOTH GROINS. loid, any other variety of cancer constituting the exception. The melanotic matter is infiltrated throughout the entire mass, or is mostOne of the most singular, and at the same ly confined to its outer layers, being sparsely time one of the rarest of the heterologous for- deposited in some instances in its interior. mations is the melanotic, for the first correct Most of the cases recorded in the "Mirror" account of which we are indebted to that distin- have been of this form. Leaving out cases in guished man, Laennec, in 1806, in the Bulletin which the disease attacked the eye-ball for a de la Faculte de Medicine de Paris. It has future occasion, when we hope to bring forward been carefully studied by many zealous pathol. an example recently under the care of Mr. ogists since his time, both in this country and France, at Guy's Hospital, who removed the on the continent of Europe. Its consideration at globe, we may refer to the following: Reall times possesses a painful interest in the mind currence of a Melanotic Tumor (Mr. Fergusof the surgeon, from its recognized fatality, son), THE LANCET, vol. i. 1851, p. 622; Meeven after surgical interference, the duration lanotic Tumor growing from the Heel (Mr. Le of life on the average being set down at two Gros Clark), vol. ii. 1852, p. 175; Melanotic years. The almost certain recurrence of the Tumors in several parts of the Body (Mr. disease after removal goes a great way to sup- Fergusson), ibid. p. 176; Melanosis of the port the notion that it is essentially malignant Groin (Mr. Fergusson), vol. ii. 1855, p. 439; a view further supported by the opinion of and numerous records of cases not in our most pathologists, who consider melanotic tu-" Mirror" will be found throughout the volmors analogous to common cancerous growths, umes of this journal. with the pigment superadded. Notwithstand- To turn to the case which we have the ing this prevailing idea, however, a division of pleasure of briefly recording to-day. It is one melanosis into two kinds has been made, we of those in which the disease is multiplied in think with great propriety and good reason, various parts of the body, affecting the sub cuinto benign and malignant-a division which taneous glands. We had hoped when witnessis sanctioned by careful histological examina ing the removal of some portions of the distion into the morphological elements of the dis-ease, after listening to the valuable remarks of ease. Thus, for example, we will find a tumor Mr. Hewett, that there might be an absence of possessing the external characters of melano- malignancy; but the microscope has pointed sis, which, on careful examination, turns out to out the true nature of the malady, and relief be a simple and innocent structure, with the is therefore only temporary. Nevertheless, development of pigmentary matter throughout we think most surgeons will admit the propriits tissue; this will be removed, and either no ety, even in the malignant form, of an early return of the disease takes place, or the patient and complete removal, which appears to offer may remain at least free from a return for a the patient a chance of cure, more especially period of many years. Now, this form of as at first the tumors may be benign, which, if melanosis is referred to by many men of great allowed to remain, would degenerate into canexperience, who draw a wide distinction be- cer. We do not believe, under any circumtween it and the second forma point of no stances, that the mere removal hastens the small importance in the diagnosis. We have fatal termination. heard Mr. Fergusson remark on the importance of being able to assure our patients in private practice that such a tumor was not malignant, or was malignant, and, according to the correct view taken by the surgeon, we believe a possible assurance can be given as to the return of the disease or not. On the other hand, the malignant form of melanosis, which very justly may claim the significant name of "black cancer," is a very different structure altogether. The true elements of cancer are generally or mostly always present, infiltrated with black pigment. The form of cancer most commonly met with in this class, we might say always, is the encepha George K, an elderly man, was admitted on the 9th of April. He had been an outpatient six weeks ago, with several large lumps in his groin. There was a large scar on his right flank, from which place, six years ago, he had a tumor removed by Mr. Lawrence. Besides a pretty large tumor in the right groin, a smaller one was present in the opposite groin; they existed in other parts of the body also, as in the left ham, in the posterior part of the same thigh, over the right and left sides of the thorax, in the axilla, &c. Some of these were simply sub-cutaneous, and were freely movable; and their surfaces were discolored, of a bluish-black color. Six months before his ad mission, Mr. Lawrence wanted him to enter although these are not absolutely diagnostic, Bartholomew's Hospital and get these glands then are they malignant. There have been in the groin removed, but he would not con- some cases published years ago, he said, where sent. When an out-patient, a consultation the eyeball was removed, and the patient has was held between Mr. Hewett and his col- remained well twenty or thirty years. In such leagues, Mr. Cæsar Hawkins, Mr. Tatum, Mr. cases the melanosis could not be combined Cutler, and others, and it was deemed prudent with malignant tissue. If combined with ennot to operate, and to leave the disease alone; cephaloid disease, then they are fatal. When the appearance of all these tumors about the these tumors are not malignant, it is owing to body inclined him not to operate. The patient the infiltration of the black matter into some appeared again at the hospital, and stated he simple or benign tumor; hence the disease could not work at his trade, which was that of does not return. a grinder, and required the constant use of his May 15th.-Has been going on well since right leg; that he suffered great misery and the operation; the wound has almost entirely severe pain in consequence, and would like healed. His general health is excellent, his them removed at any rate, from the groin. pulse good, and his appearance is favorable. His anxiety was extreme to have the opera- On microscopic examination, the tumors were tion performed, so that his life could be spared found to be encephaloid disease, infiltrated with for eight months or a year, to make some little black matter. True cancer cells were found provision for his family. Under these circum developed within the melanotic portion, and stances, and as these tumors in the course of where this was not present the true encephatwo weeks had increased considerably in size, loid disease appeared. In other words, the Mr. Hewett, in consultation with his col- tumors were examples of encephaloid disease leagues, consented to remove the diseased infiltrated with this black deposit. A return mass from the groin. of the disease, even within a short period, may therefore be expected. On the 1st of May chloroform was administered, when Mr. Hewett made a long incision June 5th. The wounds have perfectly cicover the whole length of the tumor, which was atrized, and the patient is on the eve of leav here much discolored, and removed a large ing the hospital. He has complained of semass of affected glands, together with a quan- vere pain in the head the last three or four tity of loose tissue surrounding them. The days, accompanied by vomiting, which has tumor included the deep and superficial glands, been relieved by saline medicine, and now he and was situated immediately over the saphe is free from it. - Lan. nous opening, the sheath of the common femoral vein underneath it being exposed, the tumor having absorbed the cribriform fascia. The dissection was performed with great care, and Peveral small vessels were tied. Two or three small tumors were then removed from the opposite groin. On section, these tumors presented a dark-brownish color, resembling somewhat coagulated blood. New Instrument for the Analysis of Milk. — Leconte's galactometer, which determines with tolerable rapidity and exactness the quantity of butter present in milk, consists of a glass tube, two cubic centimetres wide, the lower end of which is closed. The tube is divided into five parts, each containing five cubic centimetres. To the upper end of this tube a second and In his remarks on this case, Mr. Hewett ob- less broad glass tube is attached, divided inserved that he had told the patient of the dan-to cubic centimetres, having a short and ger of the operation itself, as was seen when broader tube for use as a funnel fixed to its removing the deeper glands when the femoral upper end. Five cubic centimetres of the vessels were exposed; but still the poor man milk to be tested are poured into the galactowas anxious, notwithstanding, to get rid of meter, and then twenty cubic centimetres of them. He requested those present to bear in acetic acid. When the funnel end of the tube mind the history of the patient their re- is closed, and the instrument well shaken, to moval six years ago, and he thought the coagulate the caseine, which afterwards disdisease must have been of the same character solves in the excess of acetic acid, the butter then as now, a brown-ochrish tissue on cutting rises to the surface of the fluid in the narrow into it-true melanosis. Sometimes it hap- tube in the form of cream, and by warming the pens, he observed, that melanosis is not asso- fluid a little, to facilitate the separation of the ciated with malignant tissue; and if we can fat, the quantity of butter may be easily read find cancer cells in the specimens removed, off at the graduation of the narrow tube. WAR OF THE JOURNALS. duced to adopt this course, and not act on the rights infringed by its publication, exhibited The quarterly Law Journal, published at their bill for an injunction, charging the defendRichmond, Virginia, has the decision of Judge ants with an usurpation of the title of their Meredith, upon an application for an injunc-journal, "The Stethoscope," and claiming the tion in a case of interest to proprietors and ed. exclusive use of this title; and further chargitors. Read it. ing that the defendants, through the medium of Dr. C. P. Gooch, several years since, estab- their own journal and by other means, had lished in the city of Richmond a medical jour-represented that the plaintiffs had suppressed, nal, under the title of "The Stethoscope; A discontinued, and abandoned their journal, and Monthly Journal of Medicine and the Collater- that their representations were made with a al Sciences." It was sold by him to the Virginia view to draw off the patronage and good-will of Medical Society, and was conducted by the the plaintiffs' journal and transfer it to that of Society under the editorial management of the defendants; and praying that the defendseveral gentlemen, among them, Dr. R. A. ants be enjoined from publishing and circulatLewis, one of the defendants in this cause. ing their journal, or any similar work, etc., etc. The Society, having determined to part with When the bill was exhibited to me, I desired the journal, offered it for sale in the month it to be filed in court, and a rule made upon of April last, through a committee, one of whom the defendants, returnable to this day, to show was Dr. Wilson, the other defendant. At this cause why the injunction prayed for should not sale, Messrs. Ritchie & Dunnavant became the be granted, with liberty to either party, on purchasers, at the price of $1,893.09, and proper notice, to take testimony. I was inthereby became the proprietors of the journal, acquiring only its subscription list and goodwill there being none of those material elements connected with the journal which were necessary to its publication. The journal was continued, with Drs. Wilson and Lewis as editors, at an annual salary, which Messrs. Ritchie & Dunnavant stipulated to pay them. At the time of this purchase, there was published in the City of Richmond another medical journal, of which Drs. James B. McCaw, J. F. Peebles, To decide this question, it will be necessary and G. A. Otis were editors and proprietors, to consider what principles govern a court of entitled "The Virginia Medical and Surgical equity in such cases. The jurisdiction of courts Journal." The publication of these two peri- of equity over literary property is similar to odicals was continued under the management that exercised over patents for inventions; and of their respective editors and proprietors until arises from an anxiety to give effect to the legal the month of December last, when by an agree- right, and restrain, by means of the short proment,in writing, entered into by Messrs. Ritchie cess of an injunction, any violation which might & Dunnavant on the one part, and Dr. McCaw become an injury irremediable by the slow proon the other, the two journals were united, and ceedings of the common law. But if the legal a new journal, entitled "The Virginia Medical right is disputed, the court does not, except in Journal; The Stethoscope and the Virginia a strong case, interfere in the first instance by Medical and Surgical Journal combined," was injunction, but puts the party to establish his published under their joint auspices, with Dr. right at law before it confers the equitable Otis as co-editor. The first number of this remedy-2 Eden on Inj. 330-32. The first new periodical appeared during the present question to be determined is, as to the legal month[Jan., 1850.] right, and if the court doubts about that, it About the time this arrangement was entered may commit great injustice by interfering until into, Drs. Wilson and Lewis were discharged that question has been decided. Unless the by Messrs. Ritchie & Dunnavant, and they case depending upon a legal right be very clear, started a new journal as editors and proprietors, it is the duty of the court to take care that styled "The Monthly Stethoscope and Medical the right be ascertained before it exercises its Reporter;" the first number of which likewise jurisdiction by an injunction. Looking to this made its appearance during the present month. principle to guide the action of the court, I When the last mentioned journal was issued, cannot say there is no doubt as to the plaintiffs' Messrs. Ritchie & Dunnavant conceived their legal title. The circumstance which throws doubt on their title arises from their own act | journal is "The Virginia Medical Journal; in changing the name of their journal, and the The Stethoscope and the Virginia Medical and varied form in which the defendants have used Surgical Journal combined." The title of the it. The title of the periodical which the plain- defendants' journal is "The Monthly Stetho tiffs purchased and first published, was "The scope and Medical Reporter." Stethoscope; A Monthly Journal of Medicine and the Collateral Sciences." The names of these three journals are clearly distinguishable, and cannot mislead the intelligent patrons of either. It is true, the word Stethoscope is used in each; but the defendants have accompanied it with other words prefixed and added, which give a distinct appellation to their journal, and are sufficient to apprize all persons that they are really different publi cations. Their different titles and the different matter which must appear in two monthly journals, seem to afford all the information that can be desired by those who choose to give their patronage to one or the other. Nor can the eye be misled. The color and size of the plaintiffs 'journal are unlike that of the defendants; and the plaintiffs have embellished their new work with an imposing wood-cut of Esculapius, in striking contrast with the more unpretending cover which envelopes the defendants' journal. They have united their journal with another, dropped the simple name which characterized it, and are publishing the new one with a new title -the title being "The Virginia Medical Journal; The Stethoscope and the Virginia Medical and Surgical Journal combined." It is true the word," Stethoscope" is retained; but it does not seem to give the new, as it did the old journal, its distinct appellation to mark its individuality; but to show the combination which has taken place, and the new journal which has sprung from that combination. In Curtis on Copy Right, p. 297, it is laid down, that if a periodical work, that has long worn a particular title, changes it for another, the adoption of the old title by a new periodical, after the lapse of a reasonable time, would ordinarily not be such an interference as the The most that can be said on this point is, courts of justice should notice. The authority that the defendants have simulated the plaincited for this principle is a decision by the tiffs' title. But I can find no case in which the "Cour. Royale," at Paris, in 1834, which mere simulation by one party of another's title sanctioned the publication of a journal under has called forth the interference of the courts. the title of "Gazette de Santé," which another A brief examination of the cases will show journal had previously worn, but which it had how close a simulation is tolerated, and how for seven months abandoned for the title cautious the courts are in interfering with that "Gazette Medicale de Paris." It will be free competition in journalism, necessary to observed that this author states that a reason- the maintenance of free institutions. able time must elapse, and in the case cited Suppose, however, that the defendants had seven months had elapsed since the old name not simulated the plaintiffs' title, but had had been abandoned or modified. But in such adopted it literally, and done nothing more, pubcases, it is a question of intention, and not of lishing under that title a new work as their time. Time is but a circumstance to show that own, on the same general branch of science, intention, and where all the circumstances to- would it have justified the court in awarding gether clearly show an intention on the part of an injunction? Is the mere usurpation of a the plaintiffs to abandon the old title, or so com- title sufficient to call for the interference of a bine with another as to lose its distinctive feat- court of equity? The doctrine that the title ures, and amount to a new title, they waive of a book or periodical is part of the work, their right to this title, and authorize its adop- capable of being infringed like the body of the tion at once by other persons; at least, they publication, and that the infringement is to be throw such a cloud over their legal right to the redressed as a piracy, has not been expressly title as to induce a court to hesitate long before affirmed, either in this country or in England. it will exercise its equitable relief. When the friends of an existing newspaper are But have the defendants assumed the title informed by a rival newspaper that the two of the plaintiffs' journal so as to impose upon papers are not the same, but are distinct estab the community and supplant it in the good-will lishments, there is no deception; and the detof the public? An inspection of the periodi- riment which either establishment may suffer cals filed with the bill will show that the title of from the competition of the other, results from the plaintiffs' first journal was "The Stetho- the free option of those who choose to give scope; A Monthly Journal of Medicine and the their support to one establishment in preferen ce Collateral Sciences." The title of their new to the other. This employment is subject to |