one of which was thrown down, and the other only injured. The great temple of Jagan-natha, on the Tudikhel, also fell down, and 22 persons were buried under the ruins and died, and 30 more were injured. The parapet-walls of the bridge over the Bagmati were damaged to the extent of 20 haths (cubits). The top of the Tripureswara temple also fell down.

In Bhatgaon 2747 buildings were damaged. Of these there were

Out of 16,456 inmates of 270 houses, 177 were killed,

and 252 injured1.

In Sankhu 236 houses were destroyed, and 21 temples and pātīs. 18 people were killed, and 10 injured.

In Banēpā 269 houses were damaged; and in Sānāgaon 33 houses were injured, and 2 people hurt.

The temples of Pashupati, Guhjeswari, and Talēju, received no injury.

Such a catastrophe had once before occurred in the

1 This gives about 60 inmates to each house; but a Nepalese house is a large range of buildings round a central square, and the population is very dense, there being a family in every room or two,

reign of Shyama Sinha. The present Rājā, being wise, offered a golden crown to Panchlinga Bhairava.

In this reign, on the 6th of Asarh Badi, Vik. S. 1891 (A.D. 1834), the powder-magazine at Thēmi was struck by lightning and exploded. On the 5th of Asarh Sudi, in the same year, a shock of earthquake was felt at night. Several shocks were felt from the 1st to the 2nd of Kārtik Badi in the same year. Much rain also fell, which commenced and ended with the earthquakes. The Bagmati overflowed its banks, and washed away 200 stacks of rice. The eastern parapet of the bridge over the Bagmati fell, and the image of Ganesa at the Bhairava Ghat was washed away. The water rose to the wall of the enclosure of Lakshmēswara Mahādēva.

In this year the Rājā made the elephants Hadbadprasad and Hiragaj fight. They fought in the bed of the Bagmati for a whole day and night. The mahāuts of both elephants received great rewards in dresses of honour, ornaments, and money. Tiger and elephant fights were also exhibited.

In this reign, in Vik. S. 1893 (A. D. 1836), a woman in Patan gave birth to two children joined to each other. People went to see them, and made offerings of money

and rice.

In Vik. S. 1894 (A.D. 1837), in the month of Sawan, the minister (Bhimasena) was imprisoned by the troops, by order of the Rājā, at the instigation of the sons of the former wicked minister, and his whole property was confiscated. The former minister's sons also abused him. This was unendurable by the high-minded minister, who thus received ingratitude for the faithful direction of the affairs of state, through the machinations of those who, as he said, were fed on the leavings of his table. He there

fore cut his own throat and died1. This Bhimasēna is said to be the same who, in a former birth, appeared as Bhima Malla, a minister of the Newār Rājās2.

The Rani of this Rājā made a copper roof for the temple of Pashupati-natha, in Vik. S. 1895 (A. D. 1838). In Vik. S. 1891 (A. D. 1834), Subā Kulānand Jhā made silver doors in three sides of the temple of Pashupati. Hirīlāl Jhā, the son of this Subā, made golden roofs for the temples of Gnātēswari, Ichāngu Nārāyana, and Akāsbāni or Bhatbhatyāni.

In this reign the people of the city paved the roads and streets3.

1 This suicide (or murder) really took place on the 29th of July, 1839. Similarly, the present prime minister, Sir Jung Bahadur, is believed to be an incarnation of the king Ran Bahadur Sah.

3 This monarch, Rajendra Vikram Sah, who was deposed in 1847, is still alive.

CHAPTER X.

Special history of the Gorkhali Dynasty.

OBEISANCE to Guru Ganēsa and to Kul-dēvatā.

Formerly Suryabansi and Chandrabansī Rājās (i.e., kings of the solar and lunar dynasties) ruled over the people, until their kingdoms were taken from them by the Yavanas (Musalmāns), and they were deposed.

Sri Vikramaditya and Salivahana were two powerful kings of the solar dynasty, and they sought out the rājās of the two dynasties and allotted to them kingdoms, according to their abilities, wisdom and power, and placed them on the thrones, giving them tīkā (i.e., the mark on the forehead). They installed in this way eight hundred rājās.

Among these was one Rishi-raj Ränä-ji, of the lunar dynasty, who was made the rājā of Chitaur-garh1, and received the title of Bhattarak. Salivahana died shortly after the installation of Rishi-rāj Bhattārak, and his territories were overrun by Maunās and Yavanas, who established their rule and enforced their orders. Their rule, however, did not extend to Chitaur-garh, the Rājās of which preserved their independence for thirteen genera

W. N.

1 In Rājputāna, in the Mewar district, near Tonk,

18

tions. The names of the independent rājās of Chitaur

Deva-sarma Bhattarak had a son named Ayutabam Rānā-ji, who had not yet ascended the throne when the Yavanas subjugated Deva-sarma's country, and quitted it after they had established their authority over him. Ayutabam, disgusted at the loss of his independence, gave up the name of Bhattarak, and retained only his original caste-surname of Rānā-ji.

The rājās who retained the title of Rānā-ji were :— 14. Ayutabam Rānā-jī. 16. Kanakbam Rānā-ji. 15. Barabubam

17. Yasōbam

The son of the last, named Audumbar Rānā-ji, pleased the Emperor by his address and skill in sword exercise, and had the title of Rava (Rão) conferred on him. The rājās who held the title of Rava, in addition to their caste-surname of Rana-ji, were:

18. Audumbar Rānā-jī Rāva.

19. Bhattarak

26. Hari Rānā-ji Rāva.