gas engine and a vulcanite pump were installed to supply the aquaria, and the station was formally opened for work in January, 1884, under the direction of Prof. W. C. M'Intosh of the university. A slender subsidy of from £70 to £150 per annum from the Scottish fisheries board sufficed to keep the institution in operation till 1896. Over 150 articles or monographs were published in the interval between 1884 and 1896, when the subsidy was withdrawn. These writings deal with the local fauna or with the structure, development, and œcology of the fishes and invertebrates, mainly those of economic value, a record unsurpassed in scope and significance upon such a slender income. The greatest service this station has rendered has been the establishment of scientific fisheries work and the training in marine biology, which equipped a number of young men for service in the fishery bureaus of Great Britain and her colonies, viz, Prince, Holt, Masterman, Fullarton, Wallace, Kyle, and others.

A gift of £2,500 from Dr. Charles Henry Gatty, himself a naturalist and zoologist, made it possible for the university to erect a new and adequate building for the station. The building was begun in 1894 and formally dedicated to its uses in October, 1896. It still continues under the direction of its founder, Professor M'Intosh, but is no longer affiliated with the fisheries bureau.

The director of the station is professor of natural history in the university, and the station is an integral part of that institution, which pays the salary of the attendant and the cost of repairs and upkeep.

No regular courses are given at the station, though Saturday demonstrations are held, and the building is open at any time to students who care to avail themselves of the opportunity to work.

The present station is on the shores of St. Andrews Bay, about a mile from the biological laboratories of the university, in the southern suburbs of the city, not far from the fine old ruins of the cathedral. The site of the building is on a line of sand dunes skirting the bay on the margin of the farm of St. Nicholas, belonging to the university. The ample grounds contain 3 to 4 acres, through which a small stream runs, affording excellent collecting grounds for freshwater material. From the station one has a commanding view of the cathedral and castle to the west, and of the bay and cliffs of the Forfarshire coast to the east.

The building is a handsome structure, the style of which is a simple treatment of the English Renaissance. It is in the form of a long rectangle (36 by 120 feet), with its main axis running north and south and its front to the east. It stands about 12 feet above high tide and immediately upon the sandy strand. It is a one-story building, with spacious attic, slate roof, and walls of stone. The height of the ceiling is 13 feet 6 inches. The arrangement of the rooms is shown

in figure 37. The following description is drawn in the main from Professor M'Intosh's ('96) account of the station:

The entrance to the Gatty marine laboratory is in the projecting block on the west. The door opens into a vestibule (A) (fig. 37), which is shut off from the spacious, well-lighted, and well-ventilated hall (B) by glass doors. On the right of the hall is a teak side table, covering a coil of pipes for warmth in winter, while further inward lobbies lead to the right and to the left. The latter are of sufficient breadth to permit the use of wali cases, and they are well lighted from the roof. A double line of picture molding provides for the display of a fine series of colored drawings of the marine animals of the local fauna and the original plates of many publications issued. from this station. The whole-that is, the hall and the lobbies-moreover, map out the central block of the laboratory, which contains the director's room (C), the library (D), and the room for specimens (E), the two former looking eastward into the bay, the latter to the west.

The director's room (17 feet 9 inches by 15 feet) is reached by a door near the northern end of the lobby on the left, and is lighted by 3 high windows, along which a table (t) runs, with a basin on the right. On the southern wall, over the fireplace, is a bookcase, flanked on the east by a wall press (w) and on the west by a glazed cabinet (c). The walls to the height of 8 feet are covered with shelves, on which are ranged the working specimens of the eggs, of the food and other fishes, their larval, post-larval, and young stages. This collection embraces the labors of many years and contains many rarities. The size of this room is 17 feet 9 inches by 15 feet and the height 13 feet 6 inches.

The library (17 feet 9 inches by 15 feet) has the same general arrangement as the director's room and is reached by a corresponding door from the right lobby. The large windows look also to the east. The northern wall has a fireplace in the center and a glazed cabinet (c) in a recess on each side.

The western side of the central block holds also the specimen room (17 feet 9 inches by 15 feet), which is on the left, opposite the director's room. It is lighted by two spacious windows, the sill of both being occupied by a continuous table suitable for two or more senior workers or groups of students. The rest of the walls are occupied to the height of 8 feet by closely arranged shelves for typical marine collections of various kinds from the lower to the higher. The eastern wall has a glazed cabinet for an interesting series illustrating the pelagic fauna and flora of the bay from January to December.

On the right the western side has two apartments, that adjoining the vestibule being the lavatory (F) (8 by 14 feet), and the next a

small chemical room (G) (8 by 14 feet) with a sink. In the former is a communication with the spacious attics, and in the latter (G) are stored chemicals and other apparatus.

The glass door on the extreme south of the right lobby leads to the research room (H) (30 feet 6 inches by 30 feet) and contains compartments (W) 10 feet square, with partitions about 8 feet in height for six workers, or more if necessary. Each of these has at the lofty window a large and convenient table (N) solidly fixed laterally and supported on a specially rigid floor to prevent vibration. On the left of each table is a sink and water pipe, together with a black and a white plate for special dissections. On the right the wall is occupied by a series of graduated shelves (P) for books and preparations, while behind is a cabinet of drawers (0) for the storage of delicate specimens and apparatus. A screen closes each compartment, at the option of the worker, and thus secures privacy, while the ventilation, and in winter the warmth, of the whole can be comfortably adjusted.

In the center of the room is a series of small concrete tanks (1) for sea water, six in number, and therefore corresponding to the compartments. Each tank is 2 feet wide, 2 feet deep, and 4 feet long, with plate-glass front and granolithic walls 24 inches in thickness. This arrangement is shown in Plate XXXVIII, B. A broad, sloping shelf of concrete beneath permits the use of various smaller vessels, at the discretion of the workers, the waste water being collected in a central channel and flowing away at one end. On the other hand, each of the tanks has its own overflow pipe. The supply of sea water reaches this department by the specially built passage beneath from the engine room to the research room, and along which workmen can readily pass without disturbing the floors. The floor beneath and adjacent to the tanks is of concrete.

The terminal door of the lobby on the left conducts to the tank room (J) or aquarium (30 feet 6 inches by 30 feet), lined with smooth bricks throughout. Three windows on each side (east and west) admit light, modified by cathedral glass, and at a comparatively high level. The floor is of concrete, while all the other floors to the south are of wood. Four large tanks of glass and concrete occupy the eastern side, supported on massive walls of concrete, which again rest on a special foundation of at least 3 feet of rough concrete altogether independent of the masonry of the building. The aquaria are 5 feet wide, 7 feet long, and 3 feet deep, with granolithic walls 9 inches thick and plate-glass fronts 13 inches thick. The glass was originally held in place at the top by angle iron. This rusted, however, so as to crush the glass and has been replaced by wood. Each tank is supplied with sea water by vulcanite pipes from the highlevel tank, and has an overflow pipe of iron enameled with glass.