servatory of Music and Fine Arts at Augusta, Ga. He was a member of the Boston Academy of Music, introducing for the first time in Boston Mendelssohn's "Midsummer Night's Dream" and his own "Scotch Symphony;" a member of the Musical Fund society, and of the Orchestral union. Mr. Ryan was known as a talented player of the clarinet and viola, and as the composer of a number of quartettes for strings and clarinet, performed by the Mendelssohn Quintet club and by himself as soloist. He is the author of: Recollections of An Old Musician (1899). He died in New Bedford, Mass., while on his way from New York city to his home in Boston, Mass., March 5, 1903.

RYAN, Thomas, representative, was born at Oxford, N.Y., Nov. 25, 1837. In early life he went with his parents to Bradford county, Pa., where he lived on a farm until 1854. He was a student at Dickinson seminary, Williamsport, Pa., and in 1861 was admitted to the bar. He served in the Federal army, 1862-64; was severely wounded at the battle of the Wilderness, and was mustered out with the rank of captain. He was married, Nov. 24, 1863, to a daughter of Edwin Coolbaugh of Towanda, Pa. In 1865 he removed to Topeka, Kan., where he was county attorney, 1865-73; assistant U.S. attorney for Kansas, 1873-76; and a Republican representative from the fourth district of Kansas in the 45th-50th congresses, 1877-89. He was re-elected to the 51st congress, but resigned to accept the office of U.S. minister to Mexico, where he served, 1889-93. He again practised law in Topeka until 1897, when he was appointed by President McKinley first assistant secretary of the interior, and was continued as such by President Roosevelt.

RYAN, William Henry, representative, was born at Hopkinton, Mass., May 10, 1860; son of Patrick and Jane (Cleary) Ryan. In 1866 he removed with his parents to Buffalo, N.Y., where he was educated in the public schools, and engaged in business as a contractor. He was married, Sept. 19, 1887, to Ellen, daughter of Terence Cosgrove, of Buffalo, N.Y. He was a member of the board of supervisors of Erie county, 1895-99, and its chairman, 1898, and was a representative from the thirty-second district of New York in the 56th, 57th and 58th congresses, 1899-1905.

RYDER, James, educator, was born in Dublin, Ireland, Oct. 8, 1800. He came to the United States at an early age; entered the Society of Jesus, 1813; studied at Georgetown university, D.C., and in Rome, Italy, and was ordained priest in 1825. He was professor of theology and the sacred scriptures, College of Spoleto, Italy, 182528; professor of theology and philosophy, and vice-president of Georgetown university, D.C., 1828-39, resigning in 1839 to become pastor of St.

1846-48, and again president of Georgetown university, 1848-51. He is the author of various addresses and sermons. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 12, 1860.

RYDER, Platt Powell, artist, was born in Brooklyn, N.Y., June 11, 1821; son of Uriah and Mary Ann (Powell) Ryder; grandson of Nathaniel and Phebe (Nostrand) Ryder, and of Jacob and Elizabeth (Sands) Powell, the latter of Quaker stock. He attended the public schools and later the Brooklyn Art Association and Academy of Design, and the National Academy of Design, although he was in art mainly self-educated. He visited Europe in 1860, and again in 1869, studying in London, Amsterdam, The Hague, and at the atelier of Bonnât in Paris, exhibiting two works in oil at the Salon in 1870. On his return in the latter year he painted genre subjects, interiors, with figures, landscapes and portraits. He also painted in water-colors, when leisure permitted. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Design in 1868, and was one of the founders of the Brooklyn Academy of Design. Mr. Ryder never married. His portrait subjects include: Miss Emily Cole, Katskill, N. Y.; Mrs. Dickinson, New York; Judge Alexander McCue and others of his family; Judge G. J. Dyckerman; William Marshall; Charles Parsons, A.N.A., for the National Academy of Design; S. R. Putnam; George P. Putnam, for the trustees of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and Gen. U. S. Grant, which last portrait, though executed entirely from memory of the general's features, as studied at his various appearances in public assemblies, is said to be a striking likeness. His genre paintings include: The Christmas Turkey; The Housekeeper; Boys Playing Marbles (W. T. Evans collection); Expectant; On Guard; Waiting for the Train. He died in Saratoga, N.Y., July 16, 1896.

RYLAND, Charles Hill, educationist and minister, was born in King and Queen county, Va., Jan. 22, 1836; son of Samuel Peachey and Cath

arine (Gaines) Hill Ryland. He was prepared for college at Fleetwood academy; was a student at Richmond college, 1854-56, and was graduated at the Southern Baptist Theological seminary in 1860. He was evangelist and colporteur in the Confederate army, 1861-65; was pastor at Burruss's church, Mount Carmel, Va., 1863-66; general state superintendent of Sunday-schools, 186669, and was prominent in the first national Sunday-school institute at St. Louis, 1869. He was married, Oct. 28, 1869, to Alice Marion, daughter of Dr. John Muscoe and Anne E. (Hancock) Garnett of King and Queen county, Va.; pastor in Alexandria, Va., 1869-74; financial secretary and librarian, Richmond college, 1874-1903. He was elected a trustee of Richmond college; a member of the corporation of Columbian university, D.C., and overseer, 1872-82, and founder of the Virginia Baptist Historical society, 1876. The degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by Richmond college.

RYLAND, Robert, educator, was born in King and Queen county, Va., March 14, 1805; son of Josiah and Catharine (Peachy) Ryland; grandson of Joseph and Elizabeth (Hunley) Ryland, and great-grandson of Richard Hunley. He received a good preparatory training in private schools and academies near his home; was licensed to preach in 1825, and ordained to the Baptist ministry in 1827. He was married, May 27, 1830, to Josephine, daughter of Thomas and Ann (Mosby) Norvell of Richmond, Va. He was graduated from Columbian college, Washington, D.C., A.B., 1826, A.M. 1831; was pastor at Lynchburg, Va., 1827-31; principal of the Virginia Baptist seminary, Spring Farm, Henrico county, Va. (a manual labor school, which was removed to Richmond, Va., 1834), and served, 1832-40, and as president of its successor, Richmond college, 1840-66. He resigned the presidency in 1866. He had served as chaplain of the University of Virginia, 1834-36, and as pastor of the First African Baptist church, Richmond, 1842-67. He was president of the female seminary in Shelbyville, Ky., 1868-70; at Lexington, Ky., 1870-77, and at New Castle, Ky., 1877-80. He received the honorary degree of D.D. from Richmond college and from Shurtleff college, Ill. He is the author of: Lectures on the Apocalypse (1857); of several addresses and published sermons, and of a catechism which was used for the oral instruction of the colored people in his church. He died in Lexington, April 23, 1899.

RYLAND, William Semple, educator, was born in Richmond, Va., June 4, 1836; son of the Rev. Robert (q.v.) and Josephine (Norvell) Ryland. He was graduated at Richmond college, of which his father was president, A.B., 1855, A.M., 1858; was pastor of the Baptist church at Winchester, Va., 1859-61; taught school in Clarke county, 1861-63; was chaplain in the Confederate army, 1863-65; pastor and teacher at Frederick county, Va., 1865-67; Grenada, Miss., 1867-73, and Lexington, Ky., 1873-80; president of the Lexington Female college, 1877-80; president of Bethel college, Ky., 1889-98, serving also as professor of natural science, 1880-93, and as chairman of the faculty, 1887-89, and in 1893 became pastor of churches in Logan county, Ky., residing at Russellville. He was married at Racine, Wis., Sept. 29, 1870, to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. William J. Morton, a native of Shelby county, Ky. He received the degree of Ph.D. from Mercer university, Ga., in 1886, and that of D.D. from Georgetown, Ky., in 1887.

RYORS, Alfred, educator, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., or Long Island, N. Y., June 28, 1812. Left an orphan at an early age in Philadelphia, he resided at Abington, Montgomery county, Pa., in the family of the Rev. Robert Steel, whose select school he attended. He was graduated from Jefferson college, Pa., in 1835, meanwhile teaching Latin and Greek at C. J. Halderman's school at Bristol, Pa., 1833-34; was principal of the preparatory department at Lafayette college, Pa., 1835-36; adjunct professor of Latin and Greek, 1836-37, and professor of mathematics in Ohio university, Athens, 1836-44. He was married in 1838 to Louisa, daughter of Judge Walker of Athens, Ohio. He was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Philadelphia in 1838; was professor of mathematics in Indiana university, 1844-48;. was ordained by the presbytery of Salem, Ind., in 1845, and preached in Bloomington, 1845-48; was president of Ohio university, 1848-52, and in 1852 was elected president of Indiana university, but he resigned at the end of the first year, and supplied the pulpit of the First Presbyterian church of Madison, Ind., declining, however, to become their pastor. He was professor of mathematics. in Centre college, stated supply of the Presbyterian church, New Princeton, and co-pastor elect of the Second church, Danville, Ky., 1854-58. The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on him by Indiana university in 1848. He died in Danville, Ky., May 8, 1858.

SABIN, Dwight May, senator, was born on a farm near Marseilles, La Salle county, Ill., April 25, 1843; the youngest son of Horace C. and Maria E. Sabin; grandson of Jedediah Sabin, of Huguenot and Scotch descent, who shared in the original Roxbury grant, owning a large farm in Windham county, Conn., which had descended to him from the earliest pioneers. His father, who had settled in Illinois, returned to Windham, Conn., in 1857. Dwight M. Sabin attended Phillips academy, Andover, Mass.; served in the Federal army for three months in 1863, and then engaged in farming and lumbering in Connecticut until 1868, when he settled in Stillwater, Minn., in the lumber business and as a manufacturer of railroad cars and agricultural machinery. He represented the twenty-second district in the Minnesota senate, 1872-73, and in the lower house, 1878 and 1881, and was a delegate to the Republican national conventions of 1872, 1876, 1880 and 1884, serving as chairman in 1884. He was a U.S. senator from Minnesota, 1883-89, serving as chairman of the committee on railroads. He was married, July 1, 1891, to Jessie Larmon, daughter of Asahel and Susan Slee of Paducah, Ky. He died suddenly of heart failure at the Auditorium Annex, Chicago, Dec. 22, 1902.

SABINE, James, clergyman, was born at Fareham, Hampshire, England, May 26, 1774; son of Sarah and Samuel (Beaker) Sabine. He entered the Presbyterian ministry, and was married, Aug. 19, 1800, to Ann, daughter of Isaac and Rachel (Jackson) Danford of Uley, Gloucestershire, England. He sailed from London with his wife and seven children, May 6, 1816, and arrived, June 15, at St. Johns, Newfoundland, where he preached until after the two great fires which devastated that city. He then removed to Boston, Mass., arriving, July 18, 1818, and there founded the society in Boylston Hall, which later became the Essex Street church, of which he was the first minister. In 1828 he withdrew from the Presbyterian church and took orders in the Protestant Episcopal church, being ordained priest in 1830. He was the first rector of Grace church, Boston, and in 1830 was transferred to Christ church, Bethel, Vt., where he remained until his death. He is the author of: Ecclesiastical History (1820), and many published sermons. He died in Randolph, Vt., at the residence of his daughter, Oct. 2, 1845.

SABINE, Lorenzo, historian, was born in Lisbon, N.H., July 28, 1803; son of the Rev. Elijah Robinson and Hannah (Clark) Sabine; grandson of Nehemiah and Mary (Rice) Sabine, and of John Clark, and a descendant of William Sabine, a Huguenot, who came from Wales to Rehoboth,

S.

Mass., in 1643. Elijah Robinson Sabine (17761818) was presiding elder of the Vermont and Rhode Island districts; was the first Methodist to serve as chaplain of the Massachusetts house of representatives, and was taken prisoner by the British during the war of 1812, for assisting in the military hospital. Lorenzo Sabine became book-keeper for the Passamaquoddy Bank, Eastport, Me., and engaged as a frontier trader, 183448. He served three terms as representative in the Maine legislature, and afterward as deputy collector of customs. He removed to Massachusetts in 1849; was confidential agent of the U.S. treasury department in relation to the Ashburton treaty in 1852, and was a Whig representative in the 32d congress as successor to Benjamin Thompson, deceased, 1852-53. He was also secretary of the Boston Board of Trade, and wrote nine of its annual reports. He was a member of the New England Historic Genealogical society and of the Massachusetts Historical society; and received the honorary degree A.M. from Bowdoin in 1846, and from Harvard in 1848. He is the author of : Life of Com. Edward Preble, in Sparks's American Biography (1847); The American Loyalists, or Biographical Sketches of Adherents to the British Crown in the Revolution (1847; 2d. ed., 2 vols., 1864); Reports on the Principal Fisheries of the American Seas, for the U.S. treasury department (1853); Notes on Duels and Duelling, with a Preliminary Historical Essay (1855; 2d. ed., 1856), and Address on the Hundredth Anniversary of the Death of Major-General James Wolfe (1859). He died in Boston, Mass., April 14, 1877.

SACKET, Delos Bennet, soldier, was born at Cape Vincent, N.Y., April 14, 1822. He was graduated at the U.S. Military academy, brevet 2d lieutenant in the 2d dragoons, July 1, 1845; served in the military occupation of Texas, 184546, and in the Mexican war, 1846-47, and was brevetted 1st lieutenant, May 9, 1846, for gallantry at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. He was promoted 2d lieutenant, 1st dragoons, June 30, 1846, and 1st lieutenant, Dec. 27, 1848; was assistant instructor in cavalry tactics at the U.S. Military academy, 1850-55; was promoted captain, 1st cavalry, March 3, 1855; served in garrison and on the field, 1855-56, and on the board to revise the army regulations at Washington, 1856-57. He was engaged in quelling the Kansas disturbances; in the Utah and Cheyenne expedition and in the Antelope Hill expedition, 1857-59; was promoted major, Jan. 31, 1861, and lieutenantcolonel, 2d cavalry, May 3, 1861; and served as acting inspector-general at Washington, D.C., June to August, 1861; as mustering and disbursing officer in New York city, August to Decem

ber, 1861, and was promoted inspector-general with the rank of colonel, Oct. 1, 1861. He was inspector-general, Army of the Potomac, 1861-63; served on McClellan's staff in the Peninsular and Maryland campaigns, and on Burnside's staff in Virginia. He was in charge of the inspectorgeneral's office at Washington, D.C., in 1863; served successively on the boards to organize the invalid corps, and for retiring disabled officers, 1863-64; was on inspection duty in the departments of the Tennessee, Cumberland, Arkansas, and New Mexico, 1864-65, and on March 13, 1865, was brevetted brigadier-general for gallantry in the field during the war, and major-general for services during the war. He served on a tour of inspection to and through Montana Territory to the Pacific ocean in 1666; was inspector-general of the departments of the Tennessee and of the Cumberland, 1866-68; of the division of the Atlantic, 1868-72, and under general instructions from the war department, 1872-76. He was inspector-general of the division of the Missouri, 1876-81, and was promoted inspector-general of the army with the rank of brigadier-general, Jan. 2, 1881, succeeding Gen. Randolph B. Marcy as senior inspector-general. He died at Washington, D.C., March 8, 1885.

SADLER, Reinhold, governor of Nevada, was born in Prussia, Jan. 10, 1848; son of William and Wilhelmine Sadler. In 1864 he settled in Virginia City, Nev.; then spent a few years in Austin, and in 1868 entered mercantile business in White Pine county, where he was county commissioner in 1872. He was married at Hamilton, White Pine county, in 1874, to Louise, daughter of William and Wilhelmine Zadow, and he later removed to Eureka county, where in 1875 he

was made county treasurer. He was unsuccessful candidate for state senator, state controller (1886), state treasurer, and lieutenant-gov

ernor in 1890. He was elected in 1894 on the Silver party ticket, lieutenant-governor, with John E. Jones for governor, and upon the death of Governor Jones, April 10, 1896, he succeeded to the executive chair, completing the term, Jan. 1, 1899, and was re-elected, his term expiring, Jan. 1, 1903.

SADTLER, Benjamin, educator, was born in Baltimore, Md., Dec. 25, 1823; son of Philip Benjamin and Catherine (Sauerwein) Sadtler; grandson of John and Christina (Strom) Sadtler, and of Peter and Catherine (Steenburger) Sauerwein. His father came to the United States from Homburg in 1799; settled in Baltimore, and served with credit as a captain in the battle of North Point in 1814, having raised and equipped a com

pany at his own expense. The Steenburger family came from Holland and settled in Virginia early in the eighteenth century. Benjamin Sadtler was graduated at Pennsylvania college in 1842, and at the theological seminary, Gettysburg, in 1844. He was married, Oct. 25, 1845, to Caroline Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. Dr. Samuel and Catherine (Steenburger) Schmucker of Gettysburg, Pa. He was pastor of the Lutheran church at Pine Grove, Pa., 1845-49; Shippensburg, Pa., 1849-53; Middletown, Pa., 185356, and of St. John's, Easton, Pa., 1856-62; principal of the College for Women, Lutherville, Md., 1862-76, and succeeded Frederick A. Muhlenberg, D.D., as president of Muhlenberg college, Allentown, Pa., serving from 1876 until 1885, when he was disabled by an accident and retired to his home in Baltimore. He was a trustee of Pennsylvania college, 1862-77, and received the degree D.D. from there in 1867. He contributed to Lutheran periodicals, and is the author of the following discourses: A Rebellious Nation Reproved (1861), and The Causes and Remedies of the Losses of Her Population by the Lutheran Church in America (1878). He died at Atlantic City, N.J., April 28, 1901.

SADTLER, Samuel Philip, chemist, was born in Pine Grove, Pa., July 18, 1847; son of Benjamin (q.v.) and Caroline Elizabeth (Schmucker) Sadtler, and a descendant on the maternal side of Thomas Beale, who came from England in 1649 and settled in York county, Va. He was graduated at Pennsylvania college, A.B., 1867, A.M., 1870; attended Lehigh university, 1867-68, and was graduated at Harvard, S. B., 1870, and at the University of Göttingen, Ph.D.. in 1871. He was professor of natural science in Pennsylvania college, 1871-74; assistant professor of chemistry in the University of Pennsylvania, 1874-86; professor of organic and industrial chemistry there, 1887-91, and of chemistry in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy from 1879. He was married, Dec. 17, 1872, to Mary Julia, daughter of John C. Bridges of Baltimore. Md. In 1885 he visited and reported upon laboratories in Europe for the trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, who were about to organize a laboratory of industrial chemistry, but subsequently resigned his professorship and engaged in practice as a consulting chemical expert. He was made a fellow of the Chemical societies of London and Berlin, of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a member of the American Chemical society, the American Electro-Chemical society and the American Philosophical society, of which latter he also served for some years as secretary. He received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Pennsylvania college in 1902. He contributed to the American Journal of Phar

macy after 1879; edited Attfield's "Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry" (8th ed., 1879); was chemical editor of the Encyclopædia Britannica, American reprint (9th ed., 1880-84), and of the "United States Dispensatory," with Joseph P. Remington and Horatio C. Wood (15th, 16th, 17th and 18th eds., 1882-98); was made a member of the committee of revision of the "United States Pharmacopoeia," and is the author of: Handbook of Chemical Experimentation for Lectures (1877); Handbook of Industrial Organic Chemistry (189198), which passed through three editions and appeared in both German and Russian translations; Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, with Virgil Coblentz (1899), and numerous addresses and lectures.

SAFFOLD, Reuben, jurist, was born in Wilkes county, Ga., Sept. 4, 1788; son of Reuben Saffold, a Revolutionary soldier residing in Wilkes county, who received a land grant in Washington county as a bounty for his services. Reuben Saffold, Jr., received a liberal education; studied law under Edward Payne, and engaged in practice at Watkinsville, Ga., until 1813, when he removed to Jackson, Miss. Ter. (now Clarke county, Ala.). He married, April 1, 1811, Mary, daughter of Col. Joseph (a Revolutionary soldier) and Jane (Walker) Phillips, early settlers of South Alabama. He served as a private at the fight of Burnt Corn; commanded a company against the Indians on the Perdido in 1814, and represented Clarke county in the territorial legislature. He was a member of the Alabama state constitutional convention in 1819; removed to Dallas county, Ala., in 1820; was judge of the circuit court of the state, 181932; judge of the supreme court, 1832-36, and its chief justice, 1835-36, and resumed the practice of law in 1836. He died in Dallas county, Ala., Feb. 15, 1847, and was buried at his country place "Belvoir," near Selma.

SAFFORD, James Merrill, geologist, was born in Putnam, now Zanesville, Ohio, Aug. 13, 1822; son of Harry and Patience (Van Horne) Safford; grandson of Jonas and Joanna (Merrill) Safford, and of Isaac and Dorothy (John) Marple Van Horne, and a descendant of Thomas Safford, who came from England to America in 1630, and was living in Ipswich, Mass., 1641. His maternal grandfather was descended from an ancient family of Hollanders in the time the Dutch possessed New York, then called New Amsterdam. He was a soldier of the Revolution from first to last; was taken prisoner at Fort Washington, and was present at the surrender at Yorktown. James Merrill Safford was graduated from the Ohio university in 1844, and spent the following year in post-graduate study at Yale. He was professor of natural science at Cumberland university, Lebanon, Tenn., 1848-72, and was also state geol

of Nashville in 1872. In 1875 he accepted the chair of geology in Vanderbilt university, which position he held until 1900 (25 years), when advanced age and ill health caused him to retire from active work. Besides many papers on geological subjects, he published: Geological Reconnoissance of Tennessee (1856); Geology of Tennessee (1869), and assisted in the preparation of "Introduction to the Resources of Tennessee " (1874). As special agent of the U.S. census of 1880 he made a Report on the Cotton Production of the State of Tennessee" (1884), and was an editor of "The Elements of the Geology of Tennessee" (1900), a school book by Foster and Webb, Nashville, Tenn. After an active life, he resided in 1903 with his daughter, Mrs. D. H. Morrow, in Dallas, Texas.

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SAFFORD, Truman Henry, mathematician, was born in Royalton, Vt., Jan. 6, 1836. At an early age his remarkable mathematical ability attracted attention. In 1845 he prepared an almanac, and at the age of fourteen calculated the elliptic elements of the first comet of 1849. He graduated from Harvard in 1854, and spent several successive years in study at the observatory. He was officially connected with Harvard observatory, 1854-66, being assistant observer in the Astronomical observatory, 1863-66. He was professor of astronomy in the University of Chicago, and director of the Dearborn observatory, 1865-74; was connected with the U.S. coast survey, 1874-76, and was professor of astronomy, Williams college, 1876-1901. At different times, he devoted himself to computing the orbits of planets and comets, to making observations for a standard catalogue of right ascensions, to the study of the nebulæ, and to latitude and longi