pointed by the general assembly, surveyor of lands for the county of New Haven, in 1745, and of Litchfield county in 1752. In 1752, when the New England colonies were flooded with irredeemable currency, he issued a pamphlet in which he pointed out the dangers attending this issue of paper money, and subsequently, when a member of the Constitutional convention, he moved the clause that "no state can make anything but gold and silver a legal tender." He was also employed in surveying land for private individuals in New Milford. He became one of the largest investors in real estate in the town; filled various town offices and was admitted to the Litchfield county bar, in February, 1754. He was married, Nov. 17, 1749, to Elizabeth, daughter of Deacon Joseph Hartwell of Stoughton, and secondly, May 12, 1763, at Danvers, to Rebecca, daughter of Benjamin Prescott of Salem, Mass. He represented New Milford in the general assembly in 1755 and 1758-61, was justice of the peace, 1755-59, and a justice of the quorum and of the court of common pleas, 1759-61. He removed to New Haven, Conn., in June, 1761, from whence he was a representative in the legislature, 1764-66, a member of the senate, 1766-85, justice of the peace and of the quorum, and judge of the superior court, 1766-89. His activity as a patriot began with the efforts of the crown to enforce the Stamp Act. He was a member of the committee to consider the claims of the settlers near the Susquehanna river in 1774, was a delegate from Connecticut to the Continental congress, 1774-81, and 1783-84, serving on the most important committees, including that of June 11, 1776, to draft the Declaration of Independence, of which he was a signer, that of June 12, 1776, to prepare the Articles of Confederation, that of the Connecticut council of safety, 1777-79 and 1782, and that of the convention of 1787 that reported the Connecticut compromise. In the controversy that arose in the Continental congress regarding the rights of states to vote irrespective of population, Mr. Sherman proposed that the vote should be taken once in proportion to population and once by states, and that every measure should have a majority voting both ways. This principle, eleven years afterward, Mr. Sherman, then a member of the Constitutional convention, presented to that body, and it was framed into the Federal constitution, and was known as the Connecticut compromise. It was not until he had made several speeches in its favor that he gained any attention when a long and bitter debate followed and it was finally referred to a committee of which he was made a member. After the adoption of the compromise, he moved the provision that no amendment be made that would deprive any state of its equal

vote without its consent. It is agreed by all historians that this compromise, for which Mr. Sherman is solely responsible, saved the constitutional convention from breaking up without accomplishing anything and made possible a union of the states and a national government. Roger Sherman was the only delegate in the Continental congress who signed all four of the great state papers which were signed by all the delegates of all the colonies, namely: the Declaration of 1774, the Articles of Confederation, the Declaration of Independence, and the Federal Constitution. He revised the statute laws of Connecticut with Judge Richard Law in 1783. He was chosen the first mayor of New Haven in 1784, to prevent a Tory from being chosen, and the legislature then provided that the mayor should hold his office during the pleasure of the general assembly and under this act, Mr. Sherman remained mayor until his death. He was a delegate from Connecticut to the Constitutional convention at Philadelphia in May, 1787. He was also active in the state convention in procuring the ratification of the constitution, and wrote a series of papers on that subject which materially influenced the public mind in its favor, signed "A Citizen of New Haven." He was a representative in the 1st congress, 1789-91, where he favored an address introduced by the Quakers against the slave trade. He was elected to the U.S. senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William S. Johnson and served from Oct. 24, 1791, until his death. He was treasurer of Yale college, 176576, and received the honorary degree A.M. from that college in 1768. He furnished the astronomical calculations for a series of Almanacs, published in New York and New England, which bore his name. He died in New Haven, Conn., July 23, 1793.

SHERMAN, Thomas West, soldier, was born in Newport, R. I., March 26, 1813; son of Elijah and Martha (West) Sherman. He was graduated from the U.S. Military academy in 1836 and was commissioned 2d lieutenant, 3d infantry, serving in the Florida war and in the Cherokee Nation, 1836-42. He was promoted 1st lieutenant, March 14, 1838; was on recruiting and garrison service, 1842-46; was promoted captain, May 28, 1846; served in the Mexican war, commanding a batery at Buena Vista, Feb. 22-23, 1847, and was brevetted major, Feb. 23, 1847, for conduct there. He was on frontier duty in Minnesota, Kansas and Dakota, 1853-61, and was married in 1865 to Mary, daughter of Gov. Wilson Shannon of Lawrence, Kan. Upon the outbreak of the civil war he was given command of a battery of U.S. artillery and a battalion of Pennsylvania volunteers; was promoted major, April, 27, 1861, and detailed on guard duty on the Philadelphia and

Baltimore railroad, and the Delaware canal, during the reopening of communications through Baltimore, May 10-12, 1861. He was promoted lieutenant-colonel, 5th artillery, May 14, 1861, and brigadier-general, U.S. volunteers, May 17, 1861, and served as chief of light artillery in the defence of Washington, D.C., May-June, 1861. He was on recruiting duty in Pennsylvania, JuneJuly, 1861; organized the expedition to seize Bull's Bay, S.C., and Fernandina, Fla., for the use of the U.S. blockading fleet; commanded the land forces of the Department of the South from Oct., 1861, to March 31, 1862, when he was relieved by Gen. David Hunter. He was on leave of absence, June-August, 1862, commanded the 2d division, 19th army corps, Department of the Gulf, in the operations above New Orleans, Dec. 14, 1862-May, 1863, and in the siege of Port Hudson, May 23-June 8, 1863, and while leading the assault, May 27, 1863, was shot in his right leg, which was subsequently amputated at New Orleans. He was promoted colonel of the 3d artillery, June 1, 1863, and commanded a reserve brigade of artillery, Department of the Gulf, at Forts Jackson and St. Philip, La., March-May, 1864. He was brevetted brigadier-general, U.S.A., March 13, 1865, for services at Port Hudson, and major-general, U.S.V., and brevet major-general, U.S. A., March 13, 1865, "for services during the rebellion." He was in command of the defences of New Orleans, June 16-Feb. 11, 1865; of the southern division of Louisiana, Feb. 11-July 23, 1865, and of the eastern district of Louisiana, 1865-66. He commanded the 3d artillery with headquarters at Ft. Adams, R.I., 1866-70; was mustered out of volunteer service, April 30, 1866, and was retired from active service with the rank of major-general, Dec. 31, 1870. He died in Newport, R.I., March 16, 1879.

SHERMAN, William Tecumseh, soldier, was born in Lancaster, Ohio, Feb. 8, 1820; son of Charles Robert and Mary (Hoyt) Sherman, grandson of Taylor and Elizabeth (Stoddard) Sherman, and a descendant of Edmond Sherman who emigrated from Dedham, Essex county, England, and settled in Boston prior to 1636. William was adopted by Thomas Ewing, on the death of his father in 1829, attended school at Lancaster, O., until 1836; was graduated from the U.S. Military academy, and promoted 2d lieutenant, 3d artillery, July 1, 1840. He served in the Florida war with the Seminole Indians, 1840-42; was promoted 1st lieutenant, 3d artillery, Nov. 30, 1841, and was on garrison and recruiting duty, 1842-47. He was acting assistant adjutant-general of the department of California, 1847-49, was brevetted captain, May 30, 1848, for services in California during the war with Mexico; was aidede-camp to Maj.-Gen. P. F. Smith, and acting

Captain Sherman after his resignation became a partner in the banking firm of Lucas, Turner and company at San Francisco until 1857, when he was appointed agent of the St. Louis branch of the firm in New York, but the firm failed in the same year and he went into law partnership with his brother-in-law, Thomas Ewing Jr., at Leavenworth, Kan. He was appointed superintendent of a military school at Alexandria, La., in 1859; completed the building and opened the academy, Jan. 1, 1860. He was professor of engineering, architecture and drawing, 1859-61, and upon the secession of Louisiana he resigned his position and was appointed colonel of the 13th infantry, U.S.A., May 14, 1861, and brigadier-general, U.S.V., May 17, 1861, and commanded the 3d brigade, 1st division under Brig.Gen. Irvin McDowell in the first battle of Bull Run, Sunday, July 21, 1861. He was engaged in reorganizing and drilling his scattered brigade and was assigned to duty under Gen. Robert Anderson, in the department of the Cumberland, Aug. 28, 1861. He succeeded General Anderson in command of the department Oct. 8, 1861, and occupied Muldraugh Heights for the purpose of defending Louisville, Ky., from a threatened attack by Col. S. B. Buckner, Sept.-Oct. 1861. He was on inspection duty and in command of the camp of instruction at Benton Barracks, St. Louis, Mo., Dec. 23, 1861, to Feb. 14, 1862; was in command of the district of Paducah, Ky., February-March, 1862, where he was engaged in sending supplies and reinforcements to General Grant, operating in Tennessee; commanded the 5th division, Army of the Tennessee, under Grant, at Shiloh, Tenn., where he was twice slightly wounded. When Grant returned to his head