Mrs. Smith in the front rank among the poets of this country. Her books following these two were: Stories for Children (1847); The Roman Tribute; a Tragedy in Five Acts (1850); Woman and her Needs (1851); Hints on Dress and Beauty (1852); Old New York, or, Jacob Leisler, a Tragedy (1853); Bertha and Lily, or the Parsonage at Beach Glen (1854); The Newsboy (1855); Bald Eagle or the Last of the Ramapaughs (1867), and Reminiscences of Noted Men and Women (unpublished). She died at the home of her son in Hollywood, N.C., Nov. 15, 1893.

SMITH, Erminnie Adelle (Platt), geologist and ethnologist, was born in Marcellus, N.Y., April 26, 1836. She was educated at Miss Willard's seminary, Troy, N. Y., and in 1855 was married to Simeon H. Smith of Jersey City, N.J. She resumed the study of geology commenced in her girlhood days, and accumulated one of the largest private collections of specimens in the United States, which at her death came into the possession of her three sons. She spent four years with her sons in Germany where she continued her studies of science and language and was graduated at the School of Mines, Freiburg, Saxony. After her return to Jersey City she lectured for benevolent objects before parlor audiences, on scientific and other subjects, and this led to her founding the Esthetic society of Jersey City of which she was president, 1879-86, and a frequent lecturer at the monthly receptions. She engaged in ethnological work for the Smithsonian Institution in 1878 and obtained and classified over 15,000 words of the Iroquois dialects, visiting for the purpose the remnants of the Tuscarora found in Canada. During the two summers she spent among the Indians she won their affection and was adopted into the tribe and named Kă-tei-tci-sta-kwast (beautiful flower). She was a member of the Sorosis and Meridian women's clubs and of the Historical society of New York, and of the London Scientific society, and was made a fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences. She was made a corresponding member of the Numismatic and Antiquarian society of Philadelphia and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, being secretary of the section of geology and geography of the latter society in 1885. She prepared an Iroquois-English dictionary, published after her death, and a volume of her poems and essays was published by the Esthetic society in 1883. She died in Jersey City, N.J., June 9, 1886.

SMITH, Eugene Allen, geologist, was born in Autauga county, Ala., Oct. 27, 1841; son of Samuel Parrish and Adelaide Julia (Allyn) Smith; grandson of Thomas and Mary (Scott) Smith and of Richard and Julia (Phelps) Allyn, and a descendant of William Phelps, born in

Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England, 1599, who came to America, 1630; and of Matthew Allyn, born in Brampton, England, 1604, who came to America, 1632. He was graduated at the University of Alabama in 1862; was instructor in mathematics there, 1863-65; studied at the universities of Berlin and Göttingen, 1865–66, and in 1868 received the degree of Ph.D. from Heidelberg university. He was married July 10, 1872, to Jennie Henry, daughter of Dr. Landon Cabell Garland (q.v.). He was assistant state geologist of Mississippi, 1868-71, and in 1873 became state geologist of Alabama. He was made professor of mineralogy and geology in the University of Alabama in 1871, and in 1874 became professor of chemistry, geology and natural history. He was honorary commissioner to the Paris exposition in 1878; was special agent on cotton culture, Tenth Census, 1880; was a member of the American committee of the international geological congress, 1884-89; secretary of the section of geology and geography of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1884; a member of the council of the Geological society of America, 1892-95, and a member of the jury of awards at the Atlanta exposition in 1895 and at the Nashville exposition, 1897. He is the author of numerous papers and reports.

SMITH, Francis Henney, soldier, was born in Norfolk, Va., Oct. 18, 1812; son of Francis Henney and Anne (Marsden) Smith; grandson of James and Mary (Calvert) Marsden, and great2-grandson of Cornelius and Mary (Saunders) Calvert, who were married in Princess Anne county, Va., July 29, 1719. His father, Francis Henney Smith, was born in England and was a commission merchant in Norfolk, Va. Francis H. Smith, Jr., was graduated from the U.S. Military academy and assigned to the 1st artillery July 1, 1833; was commissioned 2d lieutenant, Nov. 30, 1833; was assistant professor of geography, history and ethics at the Military academy, 1834-35, and served on ordnance duty until May 1, 1836, when he resigned his commission. He was married June 9, 1835, at West Point, N.Y., to Sara, daughter of Dr. Thomas (U.S.A.) and Anna (Truxtun) Henderson of Dumfries, Va. He was professor of mathematics at Hampden-Sidney college, 1837-39, and superintendent (with rank of colonel) and professor of mathematics at Virginia Military institute, Lexington, Va., 1839-89. He was president of the board of visitors at the U.S. Military academy in 1856. In 1861 he was made colonel of a regiment of Virginia volunteers stationed at Norfolk, and in 1864 with his corps of cadets he aided in the defence of Richmond and later opposed General Hunter before Lynchburg. In 1865 he rebuilt the military institute and continued as its superintendent until Jan. 1, 1890.

He received the degree of A. M. from HampdenSidney in 1838 and that of LL.D. from William and Mary in 1878 and is the author of: Best Methods of Conducting Common Schools (1849); College Reform (1850), and several mathematical books. He died in Lexington, Va., March 21, 1890. SMITH, Francis Hopkinson, artist, author and engineer, was born in Baltimore, Md., Oct. 23, 1838; son of Francis Hopkinson and Susan (Teackle) Smith; grandson of Isaac and Maria (Hopkinson) Smith of Virginia, and of Thomas Upshur and Susan Teackle, and greatgrandson of Francis Hopkinson, the signer (q.v.). His first ancestor in America, Sir George Yeardley, was governor of Virginia, 1618-21 and 1626-27. His father's business reverses forced him to abandon his hope for a college education and earn his own support. For some time he was assistant superintendent of the Calvert Iron Company of Baltimore. He removed to New York in 1863 and became a constructing engineer and contractor. Among his many important engineering achievements are the ice-breaker of the screw pile lighthouse, at Bridgeport, Conn.; sections of the breakwaters at Stonington, Block Island and Port Jefferson; the foundation of the Penfield Reef light; the Race Rock light off New London harbor, 1871-77; the sea-wall at Governor's Island, N.Y., 1882-83; and at Tompkinsville, S.I., N. Y., 1888-89; the Cold Spring harbor light, 1889-90; the Rockland Lake light, 1892, and the foundation for the Bartholdi Statue of Liberty, New York harbor, 1884-85. He was married, April 26, 1866, to Josephine, daughter of William and Harriet (Bishop) Van Deventer of Astoria, L.I., N.Y. He devoted much of his leisure to art, winning a leading place among American water-colorists and also executing many notable black and white sketches. As he was about to issue a series of his water-color sketches in book form (about 1884), at the suggestion of his publishers he wrote brief descriptive notes to accompany each. This led to his literary work upon which his reputation chiefly rests. He was elected a member of the American Water-Color society, 1870, serving as its treasurer, 1873-78; an associate of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 1890; a member of the Authors club, 1893; of the American Art society, Philadelphia,

and of the Institute of Arts and Letters. He received for his paintings a gold medal from the Philadelphia Art club, and from the American Art society; a silver medal from the Charleston, S.C., exposition, and a bronze medal from the Pan-American exposition. His water colors, many of them Venetian subjects, include the following: Under the Towers (1882); On the Lagoon (1883); San Trovaso (1885); A Venetian Day (1890); In the Glow of the Afternoon (1891). He also executed black and white sketches and illustrations for "Venice of To-day," "Sir Launfal," "Longfellow's Poems," Holmes's "Last Leaf," and other illustrated books. Among his books of travel illustrated by his own sketches are: Well-Worn Roads of Spain, Holland and Italy; Travelled by a Painter in Search of the Picturesque (1886); A White Umbrella in Mexico (1889); Gondola Days (1897), and Venice of To-day (1897). He also wrote: Old Lines in Black and White (1885); A Book of the Tile Club (1890); American Illustrators (1892). He is also the author of several novels: Colonel Carter of Cartersville (1891); A Day at Laguerre's and Other Days (1892); A Gentleman Vagabond and Some Others (1895); Tom Grogan (1896); Caleb West, Master Diver (1898); The Other Fellow (1899); The Fortunes of Oliver Horn (1902); The Under-Dog (1903), and Colonel Carter's Christmas (1903), besides many contributions to the leading magazines.

SMITH, George, philanthropist, was born probably in New York city. His parents (Connelly) being in humble circumstances, he was adopted by James and Percie Smith. He prepared for college and was graduated from Harvard, A.B., 1853. On returning to the home of his foster-parents in St. Louis, he was disowned, and became a niner in the Southwest; wandered to New York, where he was employed in banks, and removed to Philadelphia, where he engaged in stock speculation. On the death of his fosterfather, he returned to the home of his fostermother, after over fifteen years' absence, and assumed the relations existing before his leaving home, and on her death, Mrs. Smith left him the bulk of her husband's vast estate. The blood relations unsuccessfully contested the will and George Smith, who never married, continued in possession up to the time of his death. The Harvard club of St. Louis, in conformity with the directions left by the deceased, acted as pallbearers at his funeral, which was conducted with musical but no religious ceremony. He left to Harvard university, $450,000, the bulk of his estate, to be used in the erection of three dormitories. The only condition attached was that one of the dormitories should be named for him, and that the oil and crayon portraits of his fosterparents be hung in Memorial Hall of Harvard.

He also left $500 to the Smith Library in Franklin, N.H., founded by his foster-father, and $1000 to the Bellefontaine cemetery, the interest to be used to keep his burial lot perpetually in order. He died in St. Louis, Mo., March 24, 1902.

SMITH, George Washington, representative, was born in Putnam county, Ohio, Aug. 18, 1846. He was brought up on a farm, learned the blacksmith trade; was graduated from McKendree college, A.B., 1868, and from the University of Illinois, LL.B., 1870, and practised law in Murphysboro, Ill., 1870-89. He was a Republican presidential elector in 1881, and a representative from the twentieth Illinois district in the 51st, 52d and 53d congresses, 1889-95, and from the twentysecond district in the 54th-58th congresses, 18891905, serving on the committee on post offices and post roads, and as chairman of the committee on private land claims.

SMITH, George William, governor of Virginia, was born in Virginia in 1762; son of Meriwether (q.v.) and Alice (Lee) Smith. He was married, Feb. 7, 1793, to Sarah Adams of Richmond. He was a representative from Essex to the house of

delegates in 1794, but soon removed to Richmond to practise law, and represented Richmond in the house of delegates, 1802-08. In 1807, he became a member of the privy council, and when, on Dec. 11, 1811, Gov. James Monroe resigned to become Madison's secretary of state, Smith, being senior member, became chief executive of the state. Three weeks later, with many others, he was killed in the Richmond theatre fire. The disaster was recognized as national and the congress of the United States, by a special act, wore mourning for thirty days. The bodies of the victims were buried under the portico of the Monumental church, which marks the site of the theatre. He died in Richmond, Dec. 25, 1811.

SMITH, George Williamson, educator, was born in Catskill, N. Y., Nov. 21, 1836; son of George and Catherine (Williamson) Smith. He attended the schools of Rochester, N.Y., and was graduated from Hobart college, A.B., 1857, A.M., 1860; and was principal of an academy at Bladensburg, Md., 1858-59. He was married, Oct. 19, 1859, to Susanna, daughter of Samuel and Eliza (Hall) Duvall of Bladensburg. He established and conducted a classical school at Washington, D.C., 1860-61; and was clerk in the U.S. navy department, 1861-64. He studied theology under the Rev. Dr. Charles H. Hull and Bishop Pinckney (q.v.); was ordained deacon in the P.E. church in 1860, and priest in 1864, and served as assistant in several churches in Washington. He was commissioned chaplain in the U.S. navy in 1864,

and was ordered on the blockade off Fort Fisher; was acting professor of mathematics in the Naval academy at Newport, R.I., 1864-65; chaplain at the Naval academy at Annapolis, Md., 1865-68, and chaplain on the U.S. flag-ship Franklin, European squadron, 1868-71. He was rector at Jamaica, L.I., and at Brooklyn, N.Y., 1872-83, and was chosen president and professor of metaphysics at Trinity college, Hartford, Conn., in 1883. He twice declined elections as bishop; as missionary bishop of Shanghai, China, in 1883; as bishop of Eastern Maryland in 1885, and as assistant bishop of Ohio in 1888. The honorary degree of D.D. was given him by Hobart in 1880, by Columbia in 1887, and by Yale in 1902, and that of LL.D. by Trinity in 1887, and by Williams in 1893. He is the author of occasional papers and pamphlets.

SMITH, Gerrit, musician, was born in Hagerstown, Md., Dec. 11, 1859; son of Gerrit H. Smith; grand-nephew of Gerrit Smith, philanthropist (q.v.), and great-grandson of Col. William Fitzhugh and of Col. James Livingston (q.v.). He studied music in Geneva, N.Y.; was graduated from Hobart college, A.B., 1876, A.M., 1879; studied music and architecture at Stuttgart, Germany, and under Samuel P. Warren, New York city; was organist at St. Paul's cathedral, Buffalo, N.Y.; continued his studies in Berlin, 1880-81, and on his return played in a number of cities. He was organist at St. Peter's church, Albany, N.Y., until 1885, and from the latter date of the Old South church, New York city, where he introduced the custom of an annual series of free organ recitals. He also became lecturer on sacred music in Union Theological seminary in 1890, and made many appearances abroad as a concert organist. Mr. Smith founded the Manuscript Society of Composers, officiating as its president; was president of the New York State Music Teachers' association; director of the Composers' club; honorary president and warden of the American Guild of Organists. His compositions include: King David, a cantata; Te Deums, anthems, carols, piano pieces and several songs.

SMITH, Gerrit, philanthropist, was born in Utica, N.Y., March 6, 1797; son of Peter (17681837) and Elizabeth (Livingston) Smith. His father was associated with John Jacob Astor in the fur trade and became a large owner of real estate in Oneida, Chenango and Madison counties. Gerrit was graduated from Hamilton college in 1818 and engaged in the care of his father's estate. He was twice married, first to Wealthy Ann, daughter of President Azel Backus, D.D., of Hamilton college, and secondly in 1822 to Ann C., daughter of William Fitzhugh of Geneva, N. Y. He was a representative in the 33d congress, 185354, as an independent candidate, but resigned

after serving one session, and was admitted to the bar in 1853. He was greatly opposed to the institution of slavery, and contributed largely to the cause of anti-slavery. He gave large sums of money to enable free-soilers to settle in Kansas, and presented John Brown with a farm in Essex county in order that he might instruct the colored settlers in the colony that he had established in northern New York. He organized the "AntiDramshop" party in 1842 and established the first temperance hotel in the country. He refused nomination for President and for governor of the state, but in 1858 was a nominee for governor on a platform of abolition and prohibition. He gave largely to educational and charitable objects. After the war, with Horace Greeley and Cornelius Vanderbilt, he signed the bail bond of Jefferson Davis. He is the author of: Speeches in Congress (1855); Sermons and Speeches (1861); The Religion of Reason (1864); Speeches and Letters (1865); The Theologies (1866); Nature the Base of a Free Theology (1867), and Correspondence with Albert Barnes. He died in New York city, Dec. 28, 1874.

SMITH, Giles Alexander, soldier, was born in Jefferson county, N.Y., Sept. 29, 1829. He engaged in the dry goods business in Cincinnati, Ohio, and in Bloomington, Ill., until 1861, when he joined the Federal army as captain in the 8th Missouri volunteers. He took part in the battles of Forts Henry and Donelson, Shiloh and Corinth; was promoted lieutenant-colonel and colonel in 1862, and commanded his regiment at the first assault on Vicksburg, Miss.; was wounded at the storming of Arkansas Post, Jan. 11, 1863, and in August, 1863, was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers" for gallant conduct in the field." He commanded the 1st brigade, 2d division, 15th army corps, Army of the Tennessee, in the Chattanooga campaign and was given charge of the midnight boat expedition to the south bank of the Chickamauga. On Nov. 24, with 116 boats and 30 men, he made the attack near the mouth of the South Chickamauga, surprising and capturing the guards, thus paving the way for the crossing of Grant's army, and the capture of Lookout Mountain. He commanded his brigade in the Atlanta campaign, and at the battle of Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864, he carried the hill held by Gen. Leonidas Polk, in the face of a heavy fire. He commanded the 4th division, 17th army corps, Sherman's army, in the campaign of the Carolinas and the "march to the sea," and was transferred to the 25th army corps; was promoted major-general of volunteers in 1865; declined a colonelcy of cavalry, U.S. army, and resigned his commission in the volunteer service in 1866. removed to Bloomington, Ill.; was the unsuccessful candidate for representative in the 41st

He

congress in 1868, and was second assistant postmaster-general, 1869-72. He died in Bloomington, Ill., Nov. 8, 1876.

SMITH, Green Clay, representative, was born in Richmond, Ky., July 2, 1832; son of John Speed and Eliza Lewis (Clay) Smith, and grandson of Gen. Green Clay. His father (1792-1854), was a Democratic representative in the 17th congress, 1821-23; secretary to the U.S. delegation that attended the South American congress at Tacubaya; and district attorney for Kentucky, 1828-32. Green Clay Smith served as a private in the war with Mexico for one year; was graduated from Transylvania university in 1850 and from the law school at Lexington, Ky., in 1853, and practised in partnership with his father. He was married to Lena, daughter of James K. Duke of Scott county, Ky. He was school commissioner, 1853-57; removing to Covington, Ky., in 1858; a representative in the state legislature in 1860, and in 1861 enlisted in the Federal army as a private. He was advanced to the rank of colonel, 4th Kentucky cavalry, in February, 1862; took part in the engagement at Lebanon, Tenn., where he was wounded, and he was promoted brigadier-general of U.S. volunteers, June 11, 1862, resigning his commission Dec. 1, 1863. He was a representative from Kentucky in the 38th and 39th congresses, 1863-66, and was governor of Montana Territory, 1866-69. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers March 13, 1865, for gallantry in the field. In 1869 he was ordained to the Baptist ministry and served as pastor at Frankfort, Ky., 1869–90, and of the Metropolitan Baptist church, Washington, D.C., 1890-95. He was moderator of the general association of Baptists in Kentucky, 1879-81. He died in Washington, D.C., June 29, 1895.

SMITH, Gustavus Woodson, soldier, was born in Scott county, Ky., Jan. 1, 1822. He was graduated from the U.S. Military academy, in 1842; served as assistant engineer in the construction of Ft. Trumbull, and Battery Griswold, in New London Harbor, Conn., 1842-44; was assistant professor of engineering, at the U.S. Military academy, 1844-46; was promoted 2d lieutenant, Jan. 1, 1845, and commanded the company of Sappers, Miners and Pontoniers during the war with Mexico. He was brevetted 1st lieutenant, April 18, 1847, for Cerro Gordo, and captain, Aug. 20, 1847, for Contreras, Mexico. He took part in the battle of Churubusco, Aug. 20, 1847; was engaged in constructing battery, Chapultepec, and in the assault and capture of the city of Mexico, Sept. 14, 1847. He was principal assistant professor of engineering at the U.S. Military academy, 1849-54; was promoted 1st lieutenant, March 3, 1853, and resigned his commission, Dec. 18, 1854. He superintended the extension of the U.S.

Treasury building at Washington, D.C., in 1855; the repairs of the branch mint and the construction of the Marine Hospital, New Orleans, 185556; was engineer of the Trenton Iron works, N.J., 1856-57; deputy street commissioner of New York city, April -November, 1858, and chief of street department, 1858-61. He was a member of the board of revision of the programme of instruction at the U.S. Military academy, in 1860, and on the outbreak of the civil war, he joined the Confederate army; was appointed brigadier Gustavus M. Smith general from Kengeneral from Kentucky, and commanded the 4th brigade, Army of the Shenandoah, under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, at the first battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861. He was promoted major-general in September, 1861; was assigned to the command of the 2d division, Army of the Potomac, Oct. 22, 1861; of the 2d corps, Army of Northern Virginia, March 14, 1862, and of the reserve, Army of Northern Virginia, April 18, 1862. He commanded the left wing of the Confederate army, at the battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862, and succeeded General J. E. Johnston in the command of the Army of Northern Virginia, when the latter was wounded. He was assigned to the command of a division in the Army of Northern Virginia, Aug. 10, 1862, and of the department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia, Sept. 19, 1862. He was acting secretary of war of the Confederate States government, Nov. 17-20, 1862, succeeding George W. Randolph, and was placed in command at Goldsborough, N.C., Dec. 13, 1862. He commanded the 1st division of Georgia militia, July 22-28, 1864; was posted on General Cheatham's right in the battle of Atlanta; was stationed at Macon, Ga., where he resisted Sherman's advance, fighting the battle of Griswoldsville, and was badly defeated by Charles R. Wood's division. He surrendered at Macon, Ga., April 20, 1865, and was held as prisoner of war. He removed to Chattanooga, Tenn., in 1866; was superintendent of the Southwest Iron works, 1866-69; was insurance commissioner for Kentucky, 1870-76, and removed to New York city, in 1876. He is the author of: Notes on Life Insurance; Confederate War Papers (1884); and the Battle of Seven Pines (1891). He died in New York city, June 23, 1896.

SMITH, Hamilton Lamphere, scientist, was born in New London, Conn., Nov. 5, 1818; son of Anson and Amy Crocker (Beckwith) Smith; grandson of Joseph and Sally (Smith) Smith, and of Jason and Elizabeth (Crocker) Beckwith, and a descendant of the Rev. Nehemiah Smith, born in England, 1605, and admitted as freeman, Plymouth, Mass., 1637. He attended Union school, New London, until 1834, and was graduated at Yale, A.B., 1839, A.M., 1842. He was married, in 1847, to Julia, daughter of Roderick and Harriet (Kilbourne) Buttolph of Cleveland, Ohio. He was professor of astronomy and natural philosophy at Kenyon college, 1849-67, and at Hobart college, 1877-1900; was twice president of the American Microscopical society, honorary member of Boston Lyceum of Natural History, of New York Lyceum of Natural History, member of Cleveland Academy of Arts and Sciences, of New York Microscopic society, honorary fellow of the Royal Microscopical society, and honorary member of the Belgian and Edinburgh Microscopical societies. He received the degrees LL.D., Trinity, 1871, L.H.D., Hobart, 1868, and S.D., Hobart, 1900. He edited Annals of Science, 1842-44, a monthly journal, and is the author of Natural Philosophy for Schools and Academies (1842), The World, (1845); First Lessons in Astronomy and Geology, (1848); besides many contributions to scientific magazines.

SMITH, Harlan Ingersoll, anthropologist, was born in East Saginaw, Mich., Feb. 17, 1872; son of Harlan Page and Alice Elvira (Ingersoll) Smith, and grandson of Beriah Gould and Betsey (Gale) Smith, and of Abijah Marvin and Ellen (Fisher) Ingersoll. He attended the public schools and the University of Michigan, until 1893; during his boyhood was engaged in studying the archæology of Saginaw valley; was an assistant in the Peabody Museum at Harvard, 1891, field assistant of the department of anthropology, World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, Ill., 1891-93; explored ancient mounds in Ohio, Kentucky, and other states, 1891-95; was in charge of the anthropological collections in the museum of the University of Michigan, 1891-93; explored ancient garden beds near Kalamazoo, Mich., for the Archæological Institute of America, 1894, and was associated with the American Museum of Natural History, as a special assistant, 1895, as a member of the faculty from Jan. 1, 1896, and as assistant curator of archæology, from Jan. 1, 1901. He was married, Nov. 25, 1897, to Helena Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (McCarry) Oakes of Saginaw, Michigan. Mr. Smith was engaged as American archæologist on the Jesup North Pacific expedition, in 1897, and led three expeditions sent out by the American Museum of Natural History, to study the prehis