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he has also had his Share in the late Turkish War: In his Travels to Italy, he made a Campaign on the Galleys of Malte, and is honoured with a Cross of that Order. He is the politeft Man in the Country, and most improved by his Travels, is magnificent in his Equipage and way of Life, extremely beloved by the Soldiers, and almost adored by the People; he enjoys a vigorous Age at fixty and odd, has Goodnature, Honour, and as much perfonal Valour as any Man, but not Experience enough to act against an Army of regular Troops; he often fuffers under the Favorite's Perfecution, and has more than once defired Leave to lay down his Command, but has always been refused,DA om ko

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There are feveral other Minifters who come into the privy Council, but as they confine themselves to the domeftick Affairs, and have no remarkable Degree of Favour, or Influence in Matters of State, I half not trouble you with their Names or Employments, but proceed to fome small Account of the Czar's Riches.

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Riches.

The Commerce Coin of Muscovy is a fmall Piece of Silver about the Bigness of an English Silver Coin. Penny, called a Copeek.A oldsooryalib of meet

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Formerly there was no Coin but Cone

the other Names were only to

but Copeeks, and

ber, for the Ealinefs of the Tify fuch a Num

Quantities of Specie, Rubles, half

but in 1703, great Rubles, &c. were

made, though the Mafs of Money is fill in Copeeks,

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All great Sums are generally by Rubles, or an hunir dred The intrinfic Value whereof

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be about 4 s. 4 d. English, but in the Courfe of Exchange, is generally reckoned at 6 s. 8d.: And fifteen Years ago was 10s.

mont bata. Kaca 187 An hundred Rubles weighed twelve Pounds in John Bafilowitz's Time, who reigned from

Weight.

1540 to 1584, and were kept up to eleven Pounds till the Reign of his prefent Majesty, but fince the War, and growing Neceffities of the Treafury, have been reduced by Degrees to fix Pounds twelve Ounces and three Quarters, English Weight. An hundred Rubles of old Copecks weighing ten Pounds, are received In the Treafury, at an Allowance of fifteen per cent. and are there melted down wai vrai can „élɔrⱭ siods bsi osl into new Copeeks. batroqmi er-blor) adT (And

Standard.

The Standard fhould Be of the fame Goodnefs with FOTC 216 U. "Lyon Dollars, viz. twelve Ounces fine filver, and four Ounces Alloy to the Pound Weight, but moft that is carried into the Mint is not above It that ten Ounces fine Silver, and being feldom tryed when melted, their Coins are of different Value, as the Run happens to be good or bad, Plate, Dollars,

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and old Copeeks being all melted together, with an additional Alloy of Brafs,

9940020 noon Pew 919 ylem s -nu & doul wing of vigo stew 29msiremo adr The Silver is Cros Dollars, non in C Lyon Dollars, and Albertus Dollars, with unwrought Plate, brought from Holland and Hamburgh, and

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öften

errors. Bremen. Of Dollars yearly from two to three Thoufand, Part to clear the Merchants Cuftoms; Part in return of Brafs Money, which the T h the Treafury ofte advances to Foreigners, to be repaid in Dollars at Years end, and partly for the Advantage of the Exchange, in the Courfe whereof to Holland, a Dollar is only rated from fixty-two to feventy-three Copeeks; but can be fold in Archangel from eighty-five to ninety Copecks. wiT ·xeluralkod muut

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...In 1702, the firft Ducats, were coined with the Czar's Stamp, at twenty-fix Carrats, being 15 VS Gold Coin. the Value of Holland's Ducats; but next six Year the Direction of the Mint was taken from the Foreigners, and the Chinese Gold being only at twenty or twenty-one Carrats from one to three Grains, was left without refining, which utterly 1: 18 decried thofe Ducats, and very few have been coined fince 1706. The Gold is imported in Ingots from China, about three hundred and fixty Pound Weight English Yearly, befides fome thoufand Ducats brought every Summer by the Fleet to Archangel.

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In 1705, the Czar began to coin Brafs Copeeks, Halves and Quarters, thirty-fix Pound of to Bras. Brafs English Weight which is bought in 04

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Mofce

Mofco for feven Rubles, produce twenty when coined; about ten Thousand of these Copeeks are given out Monthly, but no one is obliged to receive them in Payment, except fuch as are in the Czar's Service; 6 3༩1:Zབྱ་.

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they may be negociated againft Silver at two per cent, Lofs. The Brafs comes by the Fleets to Archangel, could d

Trade.

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The Money of this Country, as to the Supplies of much on Trade, that it will be neceflary 9 Silver and Value of the Coin, depends fo 24much to make fome Mention of the chief Branches in this Place

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The Goods chiefly imported from England are all Sorts of Woolen Manufactures, Lead, Importations. Tin, Dying-Woods, Indigo, Pewter Olibanum, Brimftone, Lignum-vitæ: The Hollanc ders and Hamburghers, befides thefe, bring Wines, Paper, Ailum, Glafs-ware, Spices, Dollars, Plate, Gold and Silver Lace, Brocades, Silefia Cloth, and all Sorts of Gallanteries.

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The English export chiefly, Hemp, Flax, Train enchshop/Oil, Linen, Pot-Afh, Rhubarb, IfinExportationsglafs, Wax, Tar, Red Hides and Ca II viar; the two laft to Leghorne. The Hollanders and Hamburghers carry out farther, Wood-Afh, Mafts, Hydes dried" and "falted, Tallow, Sables, Hemps Seed, Mats, and Hogs-Briftles.

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Their Fishery of Seals, or Sea-Dogs, about

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ten Thousand a Year, yield five Thoufand

dns and Oil a

Fibery.

Meatures of Oil; fent to England. Morfes, or Sea-Horfes, from Nova-Zembia, with Blubber, the thirty OFSTE

ufed to load

Teeth are effeemed next to Ivory, but the Trade being monopolized by a COMPANY decays daily. Cod and Stock-Fifh, about three Ships lading Yearly to Denmark; Salmon falted and dried, a Ship's Loading to Bilboa; thefe with the Cod are taken in the North-Sea," about Kilduyn and Cola; but the Ships. bring Salt from St. Ubes.

25

The Foreign Merchants are obliged to pay their Caftoms in Dollars, Specie, at Archangel, which are only reckoned at the ancient Value Cuftoms. of fifty Copeeks when received into the Treafury, and that too by Weight, fourteen to the Pound, which feldom holding, it comes from fourteen, and a Quarter to three Quarters. Foreigners pay five per cent. for all Goods bought and fold by Weight, and four per cent. for those Tale or Measure; they only pay fingle Duties ei her for their Exportations or Importations, whichfoever mount highest at the End of the Trade Time; Goods fent up by Fa reigners to Mofco, or any inland Towns pay ten per cent. in Dollars, and fix per cent. where they buy or felt in Russ Money: The Ruffians pay five per cent. where they fell or buy in the Country, and five per cent. at Archangel. Wine pays a particular Custom of five Dollars an Hogfhead.

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