Soil Dynamics

acceleration amplitude analysis anvil applied ASCE base bearing capacity block causing liquefaction clay compression computed confining pressure constant curve cyclic stress damping deflection deformation dense sand depth determined displacement dynamic loads earth pressure Earthquake Engineering eccentricity elastic equation factor of safety Figure footing force hammer horizontal increase Indian Standard inertia initial liquefaction initial relative density k₁ k₂ kg/cm² lateral load liquefied loose sand machine foundations maximum Nandkumaran natural frequency number of cycles oscillator percent pile plotted pore pressure pore-water pressure Prakash Proc pulses relative density resistance retaining wall Richart Roorkee rotation sample Saran Seed settlement shear modulus shear stress shear tests shown in Fig simple shear soil dynamics Soil Liquefaction Soil Mech soil modulus soil reaction solution strength stress condition stress cycles stress ratio structures surface Table transient triaxial University of Roorkee values velocity void ratio weight Zmax