Biodynamics: Circulation

alveolar sheet amplitude analysis Anliker aorta aortic valve arteriole ascending aorta atrium Biomechanics Biomechanics Fung blood cell blood flow blood pressure boundary conditions boundary layer branches capillary capillary blood vessels cardiac Circulation Res cm H2O coefficient constant cross section curve deformation diastolic distribution elastic tube equation experimental external pressure fibers Figure Fluid Mechanics force frequency function heart hematocrit Hence increases laminar left ventricle length lung measured membrane modulus motion nonlinear obtain p₁ P₂ particles Physiol pressure gradient pulmonary artery pulmonary veins pulsatile pulse waves radius ratio red cells relationship Reproduced by permission Reynolds number sarcomere shear stress shown in Fig shows smooth muscle Sobin solution steady flow streamlines stretch ratio systolic tension tissue transmural pressure turbulent vascular venous ventricular venule vessel diameter vessel wall viscoelastic viscosity volume wave speed Womersley number Young's modulus zero ди