1166. dir ist verziehen: verzeihen, like all verbs governing the dat., can be used in the passive only impersonally (Eve, 179, Aue, 297). The impers. subject es is required only when it directly precedes the finite verb at the head of the sentence (cf. 574, n.).

1168. einen Kreis schließen, to 'close,' hence simply to form, a circle.

1174. Sagt meiner Frau,...sie soll (cf. 37, n.)... In 1734 the subj. is used, as simply giving a message to be delivered; the use of the indic., in the oratio directa, conveys at the same time more or less of direct assertion or command. It therefore sometimes serves to express energy of will or desire.

1175. Witwenthum, cf. 74, n. Witwenstand (1227) is the word in most general use for widowhood.-mein vergeffen: the gens. mein, dein, sein (1863) are chiefly poetical, cf. Vergißmeinnicht. vergessen usually takes the acc. in prose.

1176. Ward's euch ausgerichtet? Was (it, i.e.) the message delivered to you? etw. ausrichten (Aufträge, Grüße, Befehle), to 'execute,' or 'deliver.'

1177. Mein Friede war...dahin, cf. 22, n.

1179. War mir's, als krampfte sich...: cf. 732, n. sich krampfen an... (Krampf, crainp, spasm), to cling convulsively to....

1183. Nach St. Georgen (sc. Kloster). Georgen is an old genitive. 1186. Zum heil'gen Grabe, to the Holy Sepulchre.—wallte, cf. 251, n. 1197. Distinguish between the sep. durchbringen, which is always intrans., and the insep. durchdringen, which is trans., to penetrate, i.e., permeate and fill.

1198. Klausnerhaus = Klause (through L. Lat. fr. Lat. claudere), a hermitage. Klausner, a hermit, 'recluse.'

1199. die Straße, acc. of space or direction, 'as I wandered along the road.' Most frequent with advs. and compd. verbs, den Weg hinauf [ziehen], &c.

I 200. Siebelei (ultimately fr. Lat. sedere), a settlement, here = Cin. siedelei (ein adj. =allein, cf. Einöde), a hermitage.

1205. des Weges, adverbial gen., along the road, as in the phrases des Weges gehen or kommen, and feines Weges or seiner Wege (also feinen Weg or seine Wege, cf. 1199, n.) gehen, to go one's way.

1207. Prunkgemach, not 'state-room,' as most of the dictionaries render, but simply a sumptuous apartment.

1208-11. In reference to the popular belief that the dead cannot find rest, so long as their last wish remains unfulfilled.

1217. Die Herren (cf. 850, n.) des Landes, the chief nobles of the country, i.e. of Swabia.

1218. Daß meinem Sohne,... | Ein zweiter Vater werde, cf. 82, n.-Note that der zum Schuß...sei, and der bevogte (107, n.) are adjective final sentences damit or daß er.....sei und... bevogte. Eve, 248.

1227. Witwenstand, (Stand, rank, class or condition), cf. 1175, n. 1233. Landesherr is now used only=Landesfürst, for the sovereign prince of a country. It was formerly applied to the chief noble in a certain district, in distinction from the sovereign ruler. Here it seems to be used simply as a variation for die Herren des Landes, as above, 1217.

1234. follten, debebant, i.e., 'whose duty it then was...,' used instead of hätten vertheidigen sollen, 'who ought to have...,' cf. 1340. This use of the imperf. ind. in place of the pluperf. subj. (perf. cond., Aue) is not unusual in the 'verbs of mood' können, müssen and dürfen, (Das mußtest du thun=hättest du thun müssen), but it seldom occurs with sollen or mögen, on account of the ambiguity that would often be caused.— jubelten der...Entführung zu, greeted with cries of delight.

1237. Vermeßner Sinn. vermessen (again in 1545) is a part. used as adj., from sich vermessen (cf. sich verwägen, 985, n.), to measure one's forces and make a bold resolve, to dare; then (ver having the same force as in sich verrechnen, to calculate falsely, to miscalculate, &c.), to be presumptuously bold through taking a false estimate of one's own powers. Hence vermessen as adj., presumptuous, arrogantly audacious; cf. verwegen, 985, n.

1239. Den du den Hort...geglaubt: a rare construction in German, and admissible only in poetry, though it differs from that noticed at the end of the note on 1. 15 only in that here the complement of the omitted verb to be is a subst., and there an adverb or adverbial expression.— Hort (Eng. hoard), orig., treasure; used by Luther for the object of confidence and trust, 'rock' of refuge, salvation, &c. After becoming obsolete, it was revived as a general and poetical expression for that which affords sheltering protection, applied chiefly to persons, but also to things and places; cf. 1788.

1242. Inmitten doppelseitigen Verbands, placed between a twofold tie, i.e., bound and drawn in one direction by the conjugal, in the other by the maternal bond.

1244. stiefmütterlich, adv., (cf. 482, 1301), in stepmotherly wise, as if you were his stepmother.

1246. Ein Warner komm' ich dir: in prose Als ein Warner (cf. 29, n.).

1248. In prose zürnen usually takes a dat. only of a person or of something more or less personified.

1249. des Kunrads: it is unusual to inflect proper names when used with the def. art.

1254. um zu warnen..., | Daß du entsagest... This construction of warnen, and its use in the sense of ermahnen, to admonish to do something, are only archaic and poetical. The usual meaning of warnen is to put one on one's guard against something, to warn him not to do something. Cf. 482, n. Possibly warnen is here used absolutely, daß du, &c. being a final or consecutive sentence.-mit dem leßten Hauch des Sterbenden, &c.: a somewhat bold figure, with the last breath of the dying man (Duke Ernest), which I drew in-inhaled.'

1260. Em. etw. vorwerfen, to cast before, in anger or reproach; to reproach or upbraid with. The object of vorwerfen is always the offence, or ground of reproach; in the present passage it is only apparently otherwise, the construction being a pregnant one, 'You reproach me with what no woman ever endured (sc. to be reproached with).'

1263-4. War meine..., | Die Liebe doch..., cf. 57, n.- -Einsicht, lit., 'insight,' discernment. If my judgment was short-sighted....' 1266. So hab' ich...drum gebüßt; in prose, ihn or dafür gebüßt.

1270. Sprache.

deutsche Zunge..., poetic or higher style for, bie deutsche

1272. Pflegehäuser, houses where the sick may be gepflegt (99, n.), =Krankenhäuser, hospitals.

1273. Der Armuth (671) spend' (672) ich meiner Kammern Schaß, 'the treasures of my store-rooms,' i.e. food and clothing.

1277. Vermittlerin (in prose, eine Verm., cf. Intr. Note) bin ich: cf. 126, n.

1279. Du..., der du...trittst: cf. 217, n.-strafend: cf. 248, n.

1282. Was thatest du, imperf. for perf. (cf. 277, n.); berechtigte, imperf. subj. as conditional, 'which would, or could, give you a right' (viz., if brought to the test), das dich berechtigte forming an adj. clause containing a qualification that is implicitly negatived, cf. 975. 'What have you done that gives you-or, to give you-a right...?'

1293. Hall usually denotes a more or less reverberating sound; it might here be rendered by 'echo.'

1303. Ritterpflicht und That: Nitter must be understood with That. This might be indicated in prose by writing Ritterpflicht und -that.

1309. The oath is compared to a lock, closing the lips.

1310. verschüttet mein lebend’ger Quell. schütten, to pour or throw down.

ver has in many compounds the force of closing up, shutting out, as in verschließen, verbauen (1594), vernageln, &c.; hence verschütten, to block up, choke. The living spring of maternal love is said to be choked up, because it is prevented by her oath from welling forth towards her son. 1312. Note the use of wollte, not würde, in order to convey distinctly the idea of will. On the order of words, cf. 57, n.

1316. Und bersten sollte mir.... The dat. is here not simply a ‘dat. of relation,' or a dativus commodi (237, n.), but indicates (cf. 190, n.) that the action takes place under the constraining power or influence of the person or thing indicated by it. It serves here to express more fully the force that already lies in follte, it should...,' i.e., I would make it...

1317. Wie ist mir geschehen? Etw. geschieht Em. (cf. 166, n.), something is done to or happens to one; often impersonally, Es ist ihm recht geschehen, it (i.e., his ill-fortune, according to context) has happened to him as was right it should, he is rightly served.' So, Ich wußte nicht, wie mir geschah, lit., I did not know how things were going on with regard to me, what was happening to me, 'I scarcely knew where I was,' 'I did not know what to make of it,' &c. Here we might render, 'What has come over me?'

1320. der Delberg, the Mount of Olives.

1322. An mir gethan (cf. 204, n.), wrought upon me. This example may serve to show the fundamental idea from which the wider uses cited in 204, n. have proceeded.—vermocht: vermögen is very commonly used with ellipse of zu thun, 'to be able to do.'

1324. Der Schuld...bin ich los: los is in prose now generally used with the accusative. The use of the gen. gives to the otherwise somewhat familiar expression the dignity suitable to poetry. So 1806.

1327. entsühnen (ent, cf. 272, n., fühnen, 446), to take away (einen Fluch), but also, as here, to free from the curse, or purify, by expiation. ---The subject of entsühnte is the subst. clause in the following line, emphatically pointed out beforehand by the demonstr. vas.

1328. wund gerungen (wund adj., cognate to Wunde, a wound), wrung it sore, so as to wound it.

1332. wascht: the more usual and correcter form is wäscht.

Vierter Aufzug.

Erste Scene.

Im Vorgrund, more usually Vordergrund, foreground.

1338. sich mir angeschmiegt. sich schmiegen (an, in, durch, &c.), to wind or creep, pressing so as to fit in or adapt oneself to the object, to nestle. sich anschmiegen takes the dat., or an with the accusative.

1351. Schmerzenszug: Zug fr. ziehen, to draw, a line, 'trait'; thus the lines of feature expressive of feeling or character, 'expression.'

1358. der Erblaßte: erblassen (cf. Prol. 20, n.), to grow pale, poetical for sterben....his pale and lifeless form.'

1359. Tritt sacht auf: auftreten, to set down the foot, 'tread.' The force of the prefix is different in auftreten in stage-directions, &c.,-to step up, on to (the stage, &c.), forward, to make one's appearance.

1360. Wacht, now usually Wache, but still Wachtmeister, „Die Wacht am Rhein," &c.

1364. Adalbert vom Falkenstein. Cf. the name of the great Prussian minister, Freiherr vom (not von) Stein.

1371. Das eben soll..., 'Just that it is that shall.'-Aechter, cf. 502, n. 1373. Horst, the nest or eyrie of large birds of prey, cf. 1801.

1384. auf wohnlich Dach. wohnlich is more than wohnbar, habitable; it means, affording a convenient and comfortable habitation. It might here be rendered by 'hospitable.' Dach has in the comparison here made a double sense, meaning literally, 'roof,' on which the vulture alights, and metonymically, house, dwelling, into which the outlaws dare not enter.

1385. behegt: behegen for the more usual hegen (cf. 454, n.). On be in such compds., cf. Eve, p. 83, Y.

1386. Schluft, the original and true H. G. form (fr. schliefen, to creep, glide), which has been superseded by the L. G. form Schlucht (1852), gorge, ravine.-birgt,...Herberge, cf. 714, n., and 723, n.

1392. beutst, old form for bietest, fr. bieten, to offer.

1394. Der seinen Herzog in die Seite warf, who struck his duke in the side, viz. with a spear, see 1150; 'who pierced his duke's side.' werfen, to 'throw,' is used metonymically with an acc. of the object struck, Einen mit Steinen werfen, to 'hit' or pelt one with stones.