task of washing the garments, as told by Homer in the Odyssey, naturally presents itself to the mind. While thus playing, she discovers Ulysses asleep after his shipwreck on the shores of her father's kingdom of Phæacia.

The Finding of Moses. Refer to Exodus, chapter ii, and tell the story of the finding of the Hebrew babe, Moses, by the daughter of Pharaoh, as the child lay asleep on the bank of the Nile.

Summary. The high school student should know how to talk, using English correctly and effectively in his ordinary conversation.

He should be able to speak in such a way as to persuade, convince, and move his hearers to think and act as he would have them do.

And he should be able to write so as to say what he intends to say, and impress his meaning upon his hearers.

Skill in composition, whether spoken or written, is important now, but it will be increasingly important in later life.

The ability to talk, speak, and write effectively is not a gift, but the result of painstaking practice, rightly directed.

You study rhetoric for two main reasons: in order (1) to be able to talk, speak, and write effectively; and (2) to be able to discover and enjoy literary beauty in what you hear and read.

One of the first essentials in making your English effective is having the right motivation or incentive. This includes (1) a purpose, or knowing what you want to say; (2) a point of view, or knowing why you want to say it; and (3) an audience, to hear what you have to say.

As a means of success in dealing with other audiences, learn to consider your own sound common sense and your best critical judgment as an audience that you must win

and please. Ask of your own judgment such questions as the following, concerning unity, coherence, and emphasis:

1. Does what I say or write go straight to the mark? 2. Do I say the right thing at the right time? 3. Do I lay most stress on the most important things?

EXERCISES BASED ON PICTURES

Into the Woods. Who could resist the invitation offered in the picture on the preceding page? What a place for playing Indian, or for a picnic lunch! No neighbors but the squirrels and the birds! Imagination can easily people it with a crowd of high school boys and girls, scattering to explore its mysteries.

(a) Botanizing.

On the invitation of the Botany class, the Freshmen go to the woods. Sketch the plan of arrangements for the trip. Where shall you meet, what car line shall you take, and at what hour? And what flowers do you expect to

get?

(b) An Accurate List.

Make an accurate list of the flowers

Make such a list

that are in bloom at the time you write this. several times during the school year, and save the lists for future reference.

Describe a favorite spot

(c) A Corner of Your City Park. in the park, if you live in the city. woods, tell about some bit of woodland. there is a wild grapevine swing?

If you live near the
Do you know where

You took your

(d) A Snapshot on an Automobile Trip. camera along on your trip. Have you a snapshot of some stopping place, or roadside view, perhaps a bit of mountain road, or a glimpse of some little lake? Attach it to your

paper, and tell about it.

(e) Bird Record. - Sit down for an hour or so in some such spot as this, and make a careful record of every bird you see or hear. Give an account of this, for the benefit of the class.

(f) Who Owns the Mountains? Henry. Van Dyke, in Fisherman's Luck, tells that his little son asked him, "Daddy, who

owns the mountains?" The father started to name some of the men he happened to know who owned the mountains round about them. The lad said, "Well, I don't see that it makes much difference. Everybody can look at them." Perhaps you own some mountain, or lake, or sunset that way. Tell about it.

CHAPTER II

THE PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE ENGLISH

The difficulty is not to write, but to write what you mean.

Unity. Unity is that quality which requires that the leading idea have the right of way. You must subordinate everything else to the development of this chief thought.

In arranging your notes for the article you are writing, or the speech you are preparing, there may be some item which you cannot fit in without distracting attention from the main thought running through your article or speech. There is but one thing to do, and that is to cut this item out altogether.

This is perhaps what one writer 1 means when he says that genius consists not so much in knowing what to use, as in being certain what to leave out.

Coherence. Coherence is the principle by which you arrange logically the items you have left after discarding all that hinder the expression of your main thought. It implies consecutiveness. It requires that all the parts follow in proper order. The use of a good outline tends to strengthen the coherence of a piece of composition of any kind.

1"The artist," says Schiller, "may be known rather by what he omits"; and in writing, too, the true artist may be best recognized by his tact of omission. Style, by Walter Pater.