1. Study the picture, and describe it.

2. St. Augustine.- Refresh your memory, if necessary, and tell the story of the establishment of the first permanent settlement in the United States at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565. How did this Spanish settlement fare? Write a short letter, telling a friend about it.

3. St. Augustine To-day. Do you live in Florida, or have you visited St. Augustine? If so, write the class a letter about it. Talk with some one who knows The Gates, and let the class hear what he says.

4. Where Have You Visited? Have you inspected some old Mound Builders ruins? Have you seen the Pueblas in the West? Have you made an automoble trip to one of the many Indian battle fields in Ohio or Indiana? Have you gone to Big Bone Springs, the grave of the mammoths, in Boone County, Kentucky, or to Mammoth Cave? or Manitou Springs, Colorado? Have you not visited somewhere? Write one of your classmates a letter about it. Or describe your own town, as if visiting it.

5. Santa Fé, and the Missions. Have you seen Santa Fé, founded seventeen years later than St. Augustine? Perhaps you were one of a party visiting the Missions. Write your chum a letter about it. Any experiences in New Mexico or California are worth telling.

6. The Old Stone Mill at Newport. - Longfellow celebrates this old ruin in his Skeleton in Armor. Have you seen the tower? If So, write your brother a letter about it.

7. Fort Pitt, Pittsburg. It is there to be seen, if you search for it. If you have looked it up, write your history teacher a letter about it.

8. In your own neighborhood.— There is some spot in every neighborhood to which interest attaches. Tell about it.

9. An Imaginary Visit. Look through the pictures in this book. Think out a visit to some place or building, and tell about it.

10. Where Would You Like to Visit? Have you often thought of visiting some place? Tell why you would like it.

Alaska. Winners of Contests. In this picture a group of successful contestants all seem very proud of their new huntingknives, which were the prizes awarded in one of the contests. They are seated on a reindeer sled. Tell the story of a contest occurring at the Igloo Fair, as if overheard from the lips of one of this group.

The contests at the reindeer fairs include everything that affects in any way the reindeer industry. The packing of sleds for long journeys; the best styles of sleds and harness; races of all kinds; the lassoing of the wild reindeer from the herd for the purposes of slaughtering, or of breaking the sled reindeer. In the wild deer races, the contestants may drag their deer all the way, if they will not go otherwise, and all sorts of comical happenings occur. The Eskimos have a quick sense of humor, and appreciate any ludicrous situation.

CHAPTER XIV

SOCIAL MOTIVES IN EFFECTIVE ENGLISH

Let such pageantry be to the people shown. — DRYDEN.

Pageantry as a High School Project. A high school project that is rich in motives for composition, and will quicken the pulse of the school in every department, is to be found in the presentation of a pageant.1

In undertaking this, the high school may decide on the pageant proper, what is called the community drama; or it may confine its effort to some form of pageantry belonging peculiarly to the high school.

What is Pageantry?— Pageantry is history come to life again upon its native soil. To quote the definition. given by William C. Langdon in the English Journal, it is the drama of a community in which the place is the hero, and its history is the plot.

Famous Pageants. In this sense the Durbar in India, celebrating the enthroning of King George V of England as Emperor of India, was not a pageant. On the other

1 The English Syllabus, Board of Regents, New York, calls attention to the portrayal of historic events for festival occasions" as among what it considers profitable exercises in English. The State Board of New Jersey, in The Teaching of High School English, speaking of “revivals of historic scenes, reproductions of celebrated events, pageants, tableau representations of crucial instances in national and literary history, or contrasts in ancient and modern conditions," says, "Let the teachers coöperate with the pupils; let the music, art, and manual training departments lend a hand. It takes work, but it is worth it.”

hand, the Pageant of the Army, held in 1910 at Fulham Palace, London, for the benefit of the nation's invalided soldiers, and commemorating the deeds of the British army from the earliest history of Great Britain down to the present time, was a fine example of modern pageantry. The Tercentenary Pageant of Quebec, in 1908, celebrating the three hundredth anniversary of the founding of that city, was a true pageant. The Oxford Historical Pageant, held in 1907 at Oxford, England, and the Pageant of London, in 1911, both arranged by Frank Lascelles, who had charge of the Quebec Tercentenary, are noteworthy examples of pageantry abroad.

The Saint Louis Pageant and Masque, 1914, the Champlain Celebration, on Lake Champlain, the Boston Pageant, the Pageant of Philadelphia, the Pageant of the Melting Pot, 1914, in New York City, given by the Drama League of America, the Pageant of Portola, and the Golden Legend of California, the one at San Francisco and the other at Los Angeles, are all worth studying. Percy Mackaye's Caliban, with five thousand people in the cast, was given in the Harvard Stadium in 1917.

As examples of what universities are doing in pageantry, the Joan of Arc Pageant at Cambridge, produced by Harvard students, and the Pageant of the North West, presented by students of the North Dakota University, at Grand Forks, North Dakota, are notable.

The State Normal School at Clarion, Pa., has given a series of annual pageants, among which were In ye Olden Times, portraying the Colonial era; a Plantation Holiday, showing life in Dixie; A Roman Holiday, and Ivanhoe, based on Sir Walter Scott's novel of that name, and introducing Fords and ladies, yeomen and villagers, KnightTemplars, and Robin Hood and his Merry Men. Look up also the Lexington, Massachusetts, Pageant, given in 1915.

In

Different from all so far named was the Pageant of the Odyssey, given in 1913, at Millbury, Massachusetts. the way of musical pageants may be named the Pageant of Hiawatha, at Trenton, New Jersey, and the MacDowell Pageant, at Peterborough, New Hampshire.

School Pageants. — An excellent example of a public school pageant by a small school in a rural community is afforded by the Historical Pageant at New Harmony, Indiana, 1914. Charity Dye, writer of The Book of the Pageant of New Harmony, gives many excellent suggestions. She says that the project gave every child some active part in preparing the great historical event of the founding of the town.

Testimony to the same effect is given by E. H. K. McComb, head of the English department of the Manual Training High School, Indianapolis, Indiana, reported in The English Journal, September, 1914. He states that a Pageant of Chivalry quickened the life of the school and drew all departments closer together, while providing a world of material in English composition.

Pageantry Material. There is no lack of pageantry material. The bulletins and supplements of the American Pageant Association are well prepared, and are on file in many public libraries. It would not be difficult to obtain them for your school library, or for your public library. These bulletins give a list of all important pageants so far held abroad or in America, and of those in preparation, so far as announced. Refer also to the Drama League Monthly.

It would be well to prepare a list for the use of your high school and community, based on all obtainable information. There are a number of magazine articles on pageantry, readily listed by Poole's Index and by the