MISCELLANEOUS.

DISSOLUTION OR SUSPENSION OF THE SOCIETY will not tire until it has achieved the universal

FOR THE DIFFUSION OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. education of the people. As employed in effectThe act effecting the above, which we intimated ing their object by printed publications, which to the public above a month ago, has now been are principally addressed to those who have reofficially announced by the committee, which has ceived some mental culture, they have always issued a printed address on the occasion. In this, felt that the door of communication between them a review of their operations during twenty years, and large masses of the community was but a since the foundation in 1826, is put forth, and very little way open. But they have the satismuch merit is claimed for the political, religious, faction of seeing and knowing that at least there and educational fruits produced by them, and also is now no further obstacle to those who have for the improvement in publishing cheap books made the first step, and of feeling that they have The great scheme of the Biographical Diction- been instrumental in removing the subsequent ary" is (as we always said it must be) abandoned; hindrance. The time is coming, they trust, when and the subscribers must be content with the let-all will act upon what most now see, namely, ter▲, finished in seven half-volumes, and which that knowledge, though it adds power to evil, at its pace must have taken far more than half-a-adds tenfold power to good; when there shall be century to complete. A loss of nearly 50001. oc- no part of the community on which this maxim curred on this letter: it would have been a pret-shall not have been verified; and when the Soty sum when the alphabet came to z! A contin-ciety for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge shall gent hope is held out (a hopeless hope, we fear) be co-extensive with society itself."-Literary that the publication may be resumed.

Gazette.

The address proceeds to say :-"With respect to the Society, however, the failure of the Bio- INDIAN VOCABULARY.--To assist such of our graphical Dictionary,' though one of the circum-readers as may be occasionally at a loss in readstances which have led to its present situation, is only to be considered in that light in connection with another of a more material, and much more gratifying, character The Society's work is done, for its greatest object is achieved-fully, fairly, and permanently. The public is supplied with cheap and good literature to an extent which the most sanguine friend of human improvement could not, in 1826, have hoped to have witnessed in twenty yers. The powerful contributors to this great object, who have been taught by the Society how to work without the Society, may almost be reckoned by the hundred, and there is hardly a country in Europe, from Russia to Spain, which has not seen the Society's publications in its own language, and felt their influence on its own system of production.

ing the Indian news, from ignorance of the language, we subjoin the meaning of a few words most commonly in use in the newspapers:Baboo-a Hindoo title, answering to our Esquire; begum--princess; a bungalo-a cottage made of bamboo and mats, with proj cting thatched roof; coolie-a porter; coss-about two miles; cumberland--a sash; cutlaw-a magistrate; dak— the post; decoit-a river pirate; dewan--a prime minister, and sometimes an agent; dhoobe --a letter; dooab-a tract of country between two rivers; dustoor-custom; durbar—the court or council; faki-a religious mendicant; feringee -a European; firman- a royal order; ghat-in the east, a landing place-in the west and south, a pass of a mountain, or a mountain range; guicwar-a sovereign; havildar-an officer in the "In conclusion, the committee congratulate all army; hooka-a pipe; houdah-a seat on an elewho feel as they do upon the spirit of improve-phant; hurkaru-messenger; jaghire-an estate ment now so actively displayed, and trust that it assigned by Government; jungle-a thicket;

*

430

khelat-an honorary dress; lac-one hundred bread (but especially the poor) should be made thousand; maharajah—a great king; marabout-acquainted with these truths, and brought to ina holy man; mahout—an elephant driver; mehur quire whether they do not purchase at too dear & -a gold coin, worth sixteen rupees in Bengal; rate the privilege of indulging in the use of it. musnud-a throne; nullah-a brook, or small The unwise preference given so universally to branch of a river: nuzzar-an offering; paddy-white bread led to the pernicious practice of mixrice in the husk; pagoda-Indian temple; peish- ing alum with the flour, and this again to all sorts wa-sovereign; peon-messenger; pice-a small of adulterations and impositions; for it enabled copper coin; punjaub-five rivers; rance-a princess; ryut-a peasant; sahib-lord; sacesa groom; sepoys-native troops in the British service; serai-Mussulman place of rest for travellers; serang-a master of a vessel; singh-a lion; sircar-a head man or minister; suddur adawlut, and suddar dewannee-courts of justice; subahdar-officer of the highest rank in the army; vakeel-an envoy; vedas-the hindoo scriptures; wuzeer--prime minister; zemindar--the holder of a zemindary, or province. A crore of rupees is a hundred lacs. A rupee is about two shillings. A pice is about the 12th of an anna, or the 192nd part of a rupee.

bakers, who were so disposed, by adding more flour of an inferior grain look like the best or the and more alum, to make bread made from the most costly, and to dispose of it accordingly; at once defrauding the purchaser, and tampering with his health. It is one of the advantages of the effervescing process, that it would put an end to all such practices, as its materials and alum are incompatible.

are the larger portion of the saline substances, "Among the matters removed by the miller which are indispensable to the growth of the bones and teeth, and are required, although in a less degree, for their daily repair. Brown bread should, therefore, be given to nurses, and to the WHOLESOME UNFERMENTED BREAD.-Thirty young or the growing, and should be preferred by years ago Dr. Thomas Thomson, the very able all, of whatever age, whose bones show a tendprofessor of chemistry in Glasgow, recommended ency to bend, or who have weak teeth. It is bea process for making wholesome bread different lieved that brown bread will generally be found from that produced by the common practice of the best by all persons who have sluggish bowels, what is called "raising it" through the means of and stomachs equal to the digestion of the bran. fermentation, which only subserves the But with some it will disagree, for the bran is too purpose of generating carbonic acid. Instead of this, the exciting to irritable bowels, and is dissolved with doctor showed how much better bread could be difficulty in some stomachs. When this happens, made by employing certain proportions of carbo- the bran should be removed, either wholly or in nate of soda and muriatic acid; and the advice part; and by such means the bread may be adaphe then gave had considerable effect upon the ted, with the greatest ease, to all habits and all public. But, like too many useful things, it seems constitutions."-Literary Gazette. to have been lost sight of and abandoned, and old habits to have prevailed in this most essential preparation of human food. A little pamphlet, by "A Physician" (Taylor and Walton), has-1. All names ending in un' have the accent just issued from the press, renewing the instruc- on the last syllable, and the 'an' is sounded like tions and earnestly impressing the value of the the Scotch ah, or nearly aw, thus Moultan is prochange, which we cordially approve. Among nounced Multawn. The same remark applies to the interesting incidental matter touched upon, words terminating in 'ab'—thus the river Chenab that which refers to brown bread seems to us to is sounded Chunawb with the first syllable rapiddeserve the attention of every family in the em-ly uttered, and the full weight of the sound on pire.

PRONUNCIATION OF INDIAN PROPER NAMES.

the aub.' 'Punjawb' is another illustration. 2. Compounds of the words Feroze have the accent on the syllable oze,' not on 'poor' or shah as one often hears it.

in three syllables. 3. I' has the sound of 'ee Ferozepoor must be uttered -Sikh is pronounced' Seek,' not Sheek nor Syke.

"It may not be out of place to observe, that mistaken notions respecting the quality of different sorts of bread have given rise to much waste in another way. The general belief is, that bread made with the finest flour is the best, and that whiteness is the proof of its quality; but both these opinions are popular errors. The whiteness may be, and generally is, communicated by INCREASING STRENGTH OF THE BRITISH NAVY, alum, to the injury of the consumer; and it is-According to the late official known by men of science, that the bread of unre- there are upwards of 100 ships of war now buildreturns, it appears fined flour will sustain life, while that made withing at our different arsenals, among which are no the refined will not. Keep a man on brown less than 35 steam frigates and other war steambread and water, and he will live and enjoy good ers; four 36 gun frigates; ten 50 gun frigates; health; give him white bread and water only, ten ships of the line, averaging from 80 to 84 and he will gradually sicken and die. The meal guns each-viz., the Agamemnon, the Colossus, of which the first is made contains all the in- the Irresistible, the Majestic, the Meeanee, the gredients essential to the composit on or nourish-Brunswick, the Cressy, the Lion, the Mars, and ment of the various structures composing our bodies. Some of these ingredien's are removed by the miller in his efforts to please the public; so that fine flour, instead of being better than the meal, is the least nourishing; and, to make the case worse, it is also the most difficult of digestion. The loss is, therefore, in all respects, a waste; and it seems desirable that the admirers of white

the San Pariel; six ships of the line of 90 guns each-viz the Aboukir, the Exmouth, the Princess Royal, the Algiers, the Hannibal, and the St Jean d'Acre; six ships of the line, first-rates, of 110 guns each-viz, the Marlborough, the Royal Frederick, the Victoria, the Prince of Wales, the Royal Sovereign, and the Windsor Castle; and lastly, the Royal Albert, of 120 guns.

cable.

DETACHED THOUGHTS; FROM JEAN PAUL performed even one, can never be wholly despiRICHTER. A true comforter must often take away from the mourner all ordinary topics of consolation, and lead him where only the highest can be of any avail.

It is our eyes, and not the microscope, that deceives us. It could not create or show what is not. The earth may be infinitely greater.

Let a man be ever so much upon his guard against a flatterer, there are still a few points at which he is accessible.

A man, in the enjoyment of any pleasure, may have only a delight of the senses; but he who beholds that man's enjoyment with a sympathizing eye, has a heart-delight.

He who has about ten things a single original unhackneyed thought, has many such about a hundred things.

A good action shines out upon us in the deceased-it is the precious stone which the Mexicans place amid the ashes of the dead, that it may ture, his knowledge that he has these contradic

represent the heart.

a

It is one in the contradictions of man's na

tions.

of the soul, the element-spirit of the other
Fancy, or the creative power, is the world-soul
powers. Experience, and the varied influences
of the mind, tear but leaves from the book of na-
ture. Fancy forms these parts into a whole.
It brings even
nearer the reach of reason, and renders them
the absolute and the infinite
itself with the future and the past, because no
more discernible to mortal man. It employs
other time can become infinite or totalized. Not
from a room full of air, but from the whole height
formed.
of the atmosphere, is the ethereal blue of heaven

He who is not growing wiser has never been

There are persons who, endowed with higher sense, but with weaker powers than active talent, rec. ive in their soul the great world-spirit, whether in outward life, or in the inner life of fiction and of thought, who remain true and faith-wise. ful to it, as the tender wife to the strong man, but who, when they would express their love, can only utter broken sounds, or speak otherwise than they wish. If the man of talent may be called the merry imitative ape of genius, these are the silent, serious, upright woodmen, to whom fate has denied the power of speech. If, as the Indians think, the animals are the dumb of the earth, these are the dumb of heaven.

perfects, as far as in him lies, all duty and all He who in his sphere, however circumscribed, self-denial, not merely in doing, but in abstaining, needs for his growth in virtue no extraordinary circumstance, no unusual occasion; should such arrive, it finds his already grown.

He who has not courage enough to be a fool in his own way, will scarcely have sufficient to be wise in his own way.

The spirit is as invisible as its speech, but what does there not lie of all that is lofty, all that is life, in a single word? Is it lost when the air on which it has been wafted has passed-by lovely scenery-by the sound of music-by How pensive we are made by a beautiful night away? reflection on the infinite-by the shadowy-tinted cliffs of the future!

We speak of life being taken, when it is only years that are taken.

There is something so great in a single good action, that the man who, in his whole life, has

The greatest sorrow is the loss of the beloved by a death not preceded by illness, or, which is one and the same thing, by death taking place while at a distance from us.

F. A. Wolf's Encyclopädie der Philolo-
gie, Herausgegeben von S. M. Stockman.
Zweite, mit einer Uebersicht der Litera-ben und seiner Lehre geschildert von Geo.
Joh. Th. Law. Leipz. 1845. gr. 8.

Die Glaubenslehre der Evangelisch-reformirten Kirche, aus der Quellen belegt von Dr. Alex. Schweizer. 2 Bd. 1 Abthl. The Book of Costume, or Annals of Zürich. Fashion in all Countries, from the earliest Libri Symbolici Ecclesiæ Evangelicæ period to the present time.

4