'Urbem odiis satis est, nec poenam traxe per omnem:
'Reliquias Troiae, cineres atque ossa peremptae
'Insequitur. Causas tanti sciat illa furoris.
'Ipse mihi nuper Libycis tu testis in undis,
Quam molem subito excierit: maria omnia caelo
'Miscuit, Aeoliis nequiquam freta procellis,
'In regnis hoc ausa tuis.

'Per scelus ecce etiam Troianis matribus actis
Exussit foede puppes; et classe subegit
'Amissa socios ignotae linquere terrae.

Quod superest, oro, liceat dare tuta per undas 'Vela tibi, liceat Laurentem attingere Thybrim, 'Si concessa peto, si dant ea moenia Parcae.'

790

795

His ubi laeta deae permulsit pectora dictis,

'Unus erit tantum, amissum quem gurgite quaeres; 'Unum pro multis dabitur caput.'

Tum Saturnius haec domitor maris edidit alti: 'Fas omne est, Cytherea, meis te fidere regnis, 'Unde genus ducis. Merui quoque; saepe furores Compressi et rabiem tantam caelique marisque. 'Nec minor in terris (Xanthum Simoentaque testor) 'Aeneae mihi cura tui. Cum Troia Achilles 'Exanimata sequens inpingeret agmina muris, 'Milia multa daret leto, gemerentque repleti 'Amnes, nec reperire viam atque evolvere posset 'In mare se Xanthus, Pelidae tunc ego forti 'Congressum Aenean nec dis nec viribus aequis 'Nube cava rapui, cuperem cum vertere ab imo 'Structa meis manibus periurae moenia Troiae. 'Nunc quoque mens eadem perstat mihi: pelle timorem. 'Tutus, quos optas, portus accedet Averni.

800

805

810

815

Iungit equos auro genitor, spumantiaque addit

Frena feris, manibusque omnes effundit habenas :
Caeruleo per summa levis volat aequora curru.
Subsidunt undae, tumidumque sub axe tonanti
Sternitur aequor aquis; fugiunt vasto aethere nimbi.
Tum variae comitum facies,-inmania cete,
Et senior Glauci chorus, Inousque Palaemon,
Tritonesque citi, Phorcique exercitus omnis:
Laeva tenent Thetis, et Melite, Panopeaque virgo,

820

825

Nesaee, Spioque, Thaliaque Cymodoceque.

His patris Aeneae suspensam blanda vicissim
Gaudia pertemptant mentem; iubet ocius omnes
Attolli malos, intendi bracchia velis.

Una omnes fecere pedem, pariterque sinistros,
Nunc dextros solvere sinus; una ardua torquent
Cornua detorquentque: ferunt sua flamina classem.
Princeps ante omnes densum Palinurus agebat
Agmen: ad hunc alii cursum contendere iussi.
Iamque fere mediam caeli nox humida metam
Contigerat: placida laxabant membra quiete
Sub remis fusi per dura sedilia nautae;
Cum levis aetheriis delapsus Somnus ab astris
Aera dimovit tenebrosum et dispulit umbras,
Te, Palinure, petens, tibi somnia tristia portans
Insonti: puppique deus consedit in alta,
Phorbanti similis, funditque has ore loquelas :
Iaside Palinure, ferunt ipsa aèquora classem;
'Aequatae spirant aurae; datur hora quieti:
'Pone caput, fessosque oculos furare labori.
'Ipse ego paulisper pro te tua munera inibo.'
Cui vix attollens Palinurus lumina fatur:
'Mene salis placidi voltum fluctusque quietos
Ignorare iubes? mene huic confidere monstro?
'Aenean credam quid enim fallacibus auris
'Et caeli totiens deceptus fraude sereni?'
Talia dicta dabat, clavomque adfixus et haerens
Nusquam amittebat, oculosque sub astra tenebat.
Ecce deus ramum Lethaeo rore madentem
Vique soporatum Stygia super utraque quassat
Tempora, cunctantique natantia lumina solvit.
Vix primos inopina quies laxaverat artus:

Et super incumbens cum puppis parte revolsa
Cumque gubernaclo liquidas proiecit in undas
Praecipitem, ac socios nequiquam saepe vocantem:
Ipse volans tenues se sustulit ales ad auras.
Currit iter tutum non setius aequore classis,
Promissisque patris Neptuni interrita fertur.
Iamque adeo scopulos Sirenum advecta subibat,
Difficiles quondam, multorumque ossibus albos;

830

835

840

845

52

855

860

865

Tum rauca adsiduo longe sale saxa sonabant;
Cum pater amisso fluitantem errare magistro
Sensit, et ipse ratem nocturnis rexit in undis,
Multa gemens, casuque animum concussus amici :
'O nimium caelo et pelago confise sereno,
'Nudus in ignota, Palinure, iacebis arena!

870

NOTES.

[1-34. Aeneas is sailing steadily seaward, when a storm threatens from the west, and they put into the harbour of Eryx in Sicily.]

1.

interea, while Dido was dying, as related in the last book.

2. certus, 'steadfast', in his character as the hero with a fate: though behind him was the burning corpse of his deserted love, and before him the waves 'black with the north wind'. So IV. 554 he was 'certus eundi'.

Aquilone: as his course was north, from Africa to Sicily, the wind was adverse. See note on 21.

3. Elissa, another name of Dido.

5-7. 'The bitter grief of deep love stained, and the thought what woman's frenzy may do, draw the Trojan hearts through sad forebodings'.

The expression is tolerably clear though not quite accurate: the grief is Dido's grief, and it is the thought of this which makes the Trojans anxious.

Observe notum used as a nominative abstract subject. [The use is found in Livy and Tacitus, 'Observatum id antiquitus non terruit Galbam', Tac. H. 1. 18; 'diu non perlitatum tenuerat dictatorem', Liv. VII. 8: see Roby, Lat. Gr. 1411.]

polluere, properly por-luere, 'to wash over', so 'to splash' or 'defile, often used metaphorically, as of hospitium 111. 61, pax VII. 467. 8. pelagus, 'the open sea'

9. occurrit, is in sight'.

as usual.

10. olli, old form of illi. Vergil is fond of this and other archaisms: see Introduction, page 9.

caeruleus imber, 'dark storm-cloud', with Vergil's slight strain of phrase.

II. inhorruit unda tenebris, 'the wave shuddered with the gloom', an imaginative way of describing the roughening effect of the squall.

13. quianam, another archaic expression, see 10. The meaning is 'why?' quia being simply neut. plur. of quis, so that quia-nam quidnam: nam is enclitic, used like TоTé or dʼn in Greek, or 'now', 'then' in English after questions.

14. deinde, 'then', continuing narrative, would naturally come first: but it has a way of getting transposed. So: quae deinde agitet fortuna fateri, III. 609.