Irrigation Systems: Design, Planning and ConstructionOf all the confrontations man has engineered with nature, irrigation systems have had the most widespread and far-reaching impact on the natural environment. Over a quarter of a billion hectares of the planet are irrigated and entire countries depend on irrigation for their survival and existence. Considering the importance of irrigation schemes, it is unfortunate that until recently the technology and principles of design applied to their construction has hardly changed in 4,000 years. Modern thinking on irrigation engineering has benefited from a cross-fertilization of ideas from many other fields including social sciences, control theory, political economics and agriculture. However, these influences have been largely ignored by irrigation engineers. Drawing on almost 40 years of experience of irrigation in the developing world, Laycock introduces new ideas on the design of irrigation systems and combines important issues from the disciplines of social conflict, management, and political thinking. |
Contents
EVOLUTION AND A PRELUDE TO CHANGE | 1 |
ELEMENTS OF IRRIGATION | 18 |
WATER MANAGEMENT | 27 |
By volume | 51 |
Powered or motorised gate operation | 67 |
IRRIGATION WATER DEMANDS | 87 |
CANAL ARCHITECTURE | 111 |
CANAL CONTROL STRUCTURES | 136 |
LOWPRESSURE PIPELINES | 177 |
CANAL LINING | 198 |
CANAL HYDRAULIC DESIGN | 225 |
TROUBLESHOOTING FEEDBACK FROM THE FIELD | 253 |
COSTS AND ECONOMICS | 279 |
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Common terms and phrases
automation bed load canal banks canal lining canal system cent channel compaction construction cost countries crop crop factor cross regulators cumecs damage demand scheduling developed discharge distributary distribution downstream control drainage east Java efficiency engineers farm farmers ferrocement flexible flow flume freeboard gates geotextile Harris valves head loss High Level Canal hydraulic India intermediate storage inverted siphon irrigation schemes Java joints labour land main canal maintenance membrane metres offtake operation outlet Pakistan parabolic segments parent canal Pehur High Level pipe pipeline practice precast concrete precast parabolic pressure problems proportional pump reach rectangular reduced rehabilitation reservoir river SCADA sediment seepage shown in figure silt small canals soil spreadsheet Sri Lanka stone masonry structures Sudan supercritical flow supervision supply schedule surface Swat River tail-end trapezoidal turnout unit fields unlined canals Upper Swat Canal usually velocity water level water management watercourse weir width