And from the Turks, 210. Persian
war, 225. His negotiations with Chos-
roes, 241. His alliance with the Abys-
sinians, 245. Neglects the Italian war
under Belisarius, 259. Settles the
government of Italy under the exarch
of Ravenna, 284. Disgrace and death
of Belisarius, 290. His death and cha-
racter, 291. Comets and calamities in
his reign, 293. His Code, Pandects,
and Institutes, 302. His theological
character and government, vi. 39.
His persecuting spirit, 41. His ortho-
doxy, 43. Died a heretic, 46.
Justinian II. emperor of Constantinople,
Justinian, the son of Germanus, his con-
spiracy with the empress Sophia, and
successes against the Persians, v. 397.
Juvenal, his remarks on the crowded state
of the inhabitants of Rome, iv. 107.
Khan, import of this title in the northern
parts of Asia, iii. 322. iv. 54.
King, the title of, conferred by Constan-
tine the Great on his nephew Hanni-
balianus, ii. 300.
Kindred, degrees of, according to the Ro-
man civil law, v. 353.
Knighthood, how originally conferred, and
its obligations, vii. 216.
Koran of Mahomet, account and charac-
ter of, vi. 252.
Koreish, the tribe of, acquire the custody
of the Caaba at Mecca, vi. 239. Pedi-
gree of Mahomet, 243. They oppose
his pretensions to a prophetical charac-
ter, 265. Flight of Mahomet, 266.
Battle of Beder, 273. Battle of Ohud,
274. Mecca surrendered to Mahomet,
278.
Labarum, or standard of the cross, in the
army of Constantine the Great, de-
scribed, ii. 400.
Labeo, the civilian, his diligence in busi-
ness and composition, v. 318. His pro-
fessional character, 322.
Lactantius, difficulties in ascertaining the
date of his Divine Institutions, ii. 387.
note. His flattering prediction of the
influence of Christianity among man-
kind, 393. Inculcates the divine right
of Constantine to the empire, 396.
Ladislaus, king of Hungary and Poland,
leads an army against the Turks, viii.
103. His breach of faith with them,
104.
Ladislaus, king of Naples, harasses
Rome during the schism of the papa-
cy, viii. 274.
Lætus, prætorian præfect, conspires the
death of Commodus, and confers the
empire on Pertinax, i. 109.
Laity, when first distinguished from the
clergy, ii. 109.
Lampadius, a Roman senator, boldly
condemns the treaty with Alaric the
Goth, iv. 72.
Lance, holy, narrative of the miraculous
discovery of, vii. 238.
Land, how assessed by the Roman em-
perors, ii. 278. How divided by the
Barbarians, iv. 450. Allodial, and
Salic, distinguished, 452. Of Italy,
how partitioned by Theodoric the Os-
trogoth, v. 13.
Laodicea, its ancient splendour, i. 56.
Lascaris, Theodore, establishes an empire
at Nice, vii. 356. His character, 391.
Lascaris, Theodore II. his character, vii.
393.
Lascaris, Janus, the Greek grammarian,
his character, viii. 85.
Latin church, occasion of its separation
from the Greek church, vii. 300. Cor-
ruption and schism of, viii. 60. Re-
union of, with the Greek church, 73.
The subsequent Greek schism, 95.
Latium, the right of, explained, i. 41.
Laura, in monkish history, explained, iv.
388.
Law, review of the profession of, under
the emperors, ii. 255.
Laws of Rome, review of, v.302. Those
of the kings, 304. Of the twelve tables,
305. Of the people, 309. Decrees of
the senate, and edicts of the prætors,
310. Constitutions of the emperors,
312. Their rescripts, 315. The three
codes of, ibid. The forms of, ibid.
Succession of civil lawyers, 317. Re-
formation of, by Justinian, 324. Abo-
lition and revival of the penal laws,
366.
Lazi, the tribe of, in Colchos, account
of, v. 234.
Le Clerc, character of his ecclesiastical
history, vi. 2. note.
Legacies and inheritances taxed by Au
gustus, i. 182. How regulated by the
Roman law, v. 356.
Legion, in the Roman army under the
emperors, described, i. 14. General
distribution of the legions, 19. The size
of, reduced by Constantine the Great,
ii. 262.
Leo of Thrace is made emperor of the
East, by his master Aspar iv 337.
Was the first Christian potentate who
was crowned by a priest, 338. Con-
fers the empire of the West on Anthe-
mius, 339. His armament against the
Vandals in Africa, 343. Murders As-
par and his sons, v. 3.
Leo III. emperor of Constantinople, vi.
93. His edicts against images in
churches, 158. Revolt of Italy, 167.
Leo IV.emperor of Constantinople, vi. 96.
Leo V. emperor of Constantinople, vi.
Leo VI. the philosopher, emperor of
Constantinople, vi. 113. Extinguishes
the power of the senate, vii. 28.
Leo, bishop of Rome, his character and
embassy from Valentinian III. to At-
tila king of the Huns, iv. 296. Inter-
cedes with Genseric king of the Van-
dals for clemency to the city of Rome,
310. Calls the council of Chalcedon,
vi. 29.
Leo III. pope, his miraculous recovery
from the assault of assassins, vi. 191.
Crowns Charlemagne emperor of the
Romans, 192.
Leo IV. pope, his reign, vi. 449. Founds
the Leonine city, 451.
Leo IX. pope, his expedition against the
Normans of Apulia, vii. 115. His
treaty with them, 116.
Leo, archbishop of Thessalonica, one of
the restorers of Greek learning, vii.
43.
Leo, general of the East, under the em-
peror Arcadius, his character. iv. 177.
Leo Pilatus, first Greek pr fessor at Flo-
rence, and in the West, his character,
viii. 81.
Leo, the Jew proselyte, history of his
family, viii. 207.
Leonas, the quæstor, his embassy from
Constantius to Julian, iii. 90.
Leonine city at Rome founded, vi. 451.
Leontius is taken from prison, and cho.
sen emperor of Constantinople, on the
deposition of Jus.iaian II. vi. 89.
Leovigild Gothic king of Spain, his char-
acter, iv. 410. Revolt and death of
his son Hermenegild. 411.
Letters, a knowledge of, the test of civi-
lization in a people, i. 244.
Lewis the Pious, emperor of the Ro-
mans, vi. 201.
Lewis II. emperor of the Romans vi.
201. His epistle to the Greek empe-
ror Basil I. vii 102.
Libanius, his account of the private life
of the emperor Julian, iii. 102. And
of his divine visions, 129. Applauds
the dissimulation of Julian, 131. His
character, 181. His eulogium on the
emperor Valens, 363.
Liberius bishop of Rome, is banished by
the emperor Constantius, for refusing
to concur in deposing Athanasius, iii.
52. 61.
Liberty, public, the only sure guardians
of, against an aspiring prince, i. 67.
Licinius is invested with the purple by the
emperor Galerius, ii. 17. His alliance
with Constantine the Great, 37. De-
feats Maximin, 38. His cruelty, 39.
Is defeated by Constantine at Cibalis,
43. And at Mardia, 44. Peace con-
cluded with Constantine, 45. Second
civil war with Constantine, 50. His
humiliation and death, 54.
———, fate of his son, ii. 296. Concur-
red with Constantine in publishing the
edict of Milan, 391. Violated this en-
gagement by oppressing the Christians,
397. Cæcilius's account of his vision,
403.
Lieutenant, Imperial, his office and rank,
Lightning, superstition of the Romans
with reference to persons and places
struck with, i. 384.
Limigantes, Sarmatian slaves, expel their
masters, and usurp possession of their
country, ii. 307. Extinction of, by Con-
stantius, 359.
Literature, revival of, in Italy, viii. 78.
Ancient use and abuse of, 91.
Lithuania, its late conversion to Chisti-
amy, vii. 98.
Litorius, count, is defeated and taken
captive in Gaul by Theodoric, iv. 272.
Liutprand, king of the Lombards, attacks
the city of Rome, vi. 173
Liutprand. bishop of Cremona, ambassa-
dor to Constantinople, ceremony of his
audience with the emperor, vii. 21.
Logos, Plato's doctrine of ii 8. Is ex-
pounded by St. John the Evangelist,
9. Athanasius confesses himself un-
able to comprehend it, 13. Contro-
ver ies on the eternity of, 17.
Legothete, great, his office under the
Greck emperors, vii. 19.
Lombardy, ancient, described, i. 24.
Conquest of, by Charlemagne, vi. 176.
Lombards, derivation of their name, and
review of their history, v. 197. Are
employed by the emperor Justinian to
check the Gepida, 198. Actions of
their king Alboin, 382. They reduce
the Gepida, 385. They over-run that
part of Italy now called Lombardy,
389. Extent of their kingdom, 404.
Language and manners of the Lom-
bards, ibid. Government and laws,
409, 410.
Longinus, his representation of the de-
generacy of his age, i. 66. Is put to
death by Aurelian, 347.
is sent to supersede Narses, as
exarch of Ravenna, v. 388. Receives
Rosamond the fugitive queen of the
Lombards, 393.
Lothaire I. emperor of the Romans, vi.
201.
Louis VII. of France is rescued from the
treachery of the Greeks by Roger king
of Sicily, vii. 147. Undertakes the se-
cond crusade, 259. His disastrous ex-
pedition, 264.
Louis IX. of France, his crusades to the
Holy Land, vii. 293. His death, 297.
Procured a valuable stock of relics from
Constantinople, 372.
Lucian, the severity of his satire against
the heathen mythology accounted for,
i. 34.
Lucian, count of the East, under the em-
peror Arcadius, his cruel treatment by
the præfect Rufinus, iv. 7.
Lucian, presbyter of Jerusalem, his mi-
raculous discovery of the body of St.
Stephen, the first Christian martyr,
iii. 475.
Lucilian, governor of Illyricum, is sur-
prised, and kindly treated by Julian,
iii. 95. His death, 238.
Lucilla, sister of the emperor Commo-
dus, her attempt to get him assassina-
ted, i. 98.
Lucius II. and III. popes, their disastrous
reigns, viii. 176.
Lucrine lake described, with its late de-
struction, iv. 95. note.
Lucullan villa in Campania, its descrip-
tion and history, iv. 364.
Lupercalia, the feast of, described, and
continued under the Christian empe-
rors, iv. 341.
Lupicinus, the Roman governor of
Thrace, oppresses the Gothic emi-
grants there, iii. 344. Rashly provokes
them to hostilities, 347. Is defeated
by them, 348.
Lustral contribution in the Roman em-
pire, explained, ii. 284.
Luther, Martin, his character as a re-
former, vii. 64.
Luxury the only means of correcting the
unequal distribution of property, i. 61.
Lygians, a formidable German nation,
account of, i. 370..
Lyons, battle of, between the competitors
Severus and Albinus, i. 133.
Macedonius, the Arian bishop of Con-
stantinople, his contests with his com-
petitor Paul, iii. 63. Fatal consequen-
ces on his removing the body of the
emperor Constantine to the church of
St. Acacius, 65. His cruel persecu-
tions of the Catholics and Novatians,
66. His exile, vi. 38.
Macrianus, prætorian præfect under the
emperor Valerian, his character, i. 303.
Macrianus, a prince of the Alemanni,
his steady alliance with the emperor
Valentinian, iii. 276.
Macrinus, his succession to the empire
predicted by an African, i. 154. Ac-
celerates the completion of the pro-
phecy, ibid. Purchases a peace with
Parthia, 231.
Madayn, capital of Persia, sacked by the
Saracens, vi. 319.
Meonius of Palmyra assassinates his un-
cle Odenathus, i. 341.
Mesia, its situation, i. 26.
Magi, the worship of, in Persia, reform-
ed by Artaxerxes, i. 221. Abridgment
of the Persian theology, 222. Sim-
plicity of their worship, 224. Cere-
monies and moral precepts, 225. Their
power, 226.
Magic, severe prosecution of persons for
the crime of, at Rome and Antioch,
iii. 251.
Magnentius assumes the empire in Gaul,
ii. 324. Death of Constans, ibid.
Sends an embassy to Constantius, 325.
Makes war against Constantius, 329.
Is defeated at the battle of Mursa, 331.
Kills himself, 335.
Mahmud, the Gaznevide, his twelve ex-
peditions into Hindostan, vii. 159. His
character, 160.
Mahomet, the prophet, his embassy to
Chosroes II. king of Persia, v. 458.
His genealogy, birth, and edu-
cation, vi. 243. His person and char-
acter, 244. Assumes his prophetical
mission, 248. Inculcated the unity of
God, 249. His reverential mention of
Jesus Christ, 251. His Koran, 252.
His miracles, 254. His precepts, 256.
His Hell, and Paradise, 260. The best
authorities for his history, 263. note.
Converts his own family, 264. Preach-
es publicly at Mecca, 265. Escapes
from the Koreishites there, 266. Is re-
ceived as prince of Medina, 268. His
regal dignity, and sacerdotal office, 269.
Declares war against infidels, 270. Bat-
tle of Beder, 273. Battle of Ohud,
274. Subdues the Jews of Arabia, 276.
Submission of Mecca to him, 278. He
conquers Arabia, 280. His sickness
and death, 285. His character, 287.
His private life, 290. His wives, 291.
His children, 293. His posterity, 305.
Remarks on the great spread and per-
manency of his religion, 307.
Mahomet, the son of Bajazet, his reign,
viii. 33.
Mahomet II. sultan of the Turks, his
character, viii. 120. His reign, 122,
Indications of his hostile intentions a-
gainst the Greeks, 123. He besieges
Constantinople, 131. Takes the city
by storm, 152. His entry into the city,
157. Makes it his capital, 160. His
death, 167.
Mahometanism, by what means propa-
gated, vi. 400. Toleration of Chris-
tianity under, ibid.
Majorian, his history, character, and ele-
vation to the Western empire, iv. 322.
His epistle to the senate, 323. His sa-
lutary laws, 324. His preparations to
invade Africa, 328. His fleet destroy-
ed by Genseric, 331. His death, 332.
Malaterra, his character of the Nor-
mans, vii, 112.
Malek Shah, sultan of the Turks, his
prosperous reign, vii. 177. Reforms
the Eastern calendar, 179. His death,
180.
Mallius Theodorus, the great civil honours
to which he attained, ii. 256. note.
Mamalukes, their origin and character,
vii. 296. Their establishment in Egypt
297.
Mamaa, mother of the young emperor
Alexander Severus, acts as regent of
the empire, i. 167. Is put to death
with him, 192. Her conference with
Origen, ii. 185.
Mamgo, an Armenian noble, his histo-
ry, i. 414.
Man, the only animal that can accomo.
date himself to all climates, i. 243. note.
Mancipium, in the Roman law, explain-
ed, v. 351.
Manichæans are devoted to death, by the
edict of Theodosius against heretics,
iii. 409.
Manuel Comnenus, emperor of Constan-
tinople, vi. 135. He repulses the Nor-
mans, vii. 147. But fails in his scheme
of subduing the Western empire, 150.
His ill treatment of the crusaders, 261.
Maogamalcha, a city of Assyria, redu
ced and destroyed by the emperor Ju-
lian, iii. 195.
Marble, the four species of, most esteem-
ed by the Romans, i. 196. note.
Marcellinus, count of the sacred largesses
under the emperor Constans in Gaul,
assists the usurpation of Magnentius,
ii. 324. His embassy to Constantius,
325. Was killed in the battle of Mur-
sa, 335.
Marcellinus, his revolt in Dalmatia, and
character, iv. 333. Joins the empe-
ror Anthemius, and expels the Vandals
from Sardinia, 344. His death, 347.
Marcellinus, son of the præfect Maximin
his treacherous murder of Gabinius king
of the Quadi, iii. 306.
Marcellus the centurion martyred for de-
sertion, ii. 195.
Marcellus, bishop of Rome, exiled to re-
store peace to the city, ii. 207.
Marcellus, bishop of Apamea in Syria,
loses his life in destroying the Pagan
temples, iii. 460.
Marcia, the concubine of the emperor
Commodus, a patroness of the Chris-
tians, ii. 183.
Marcian, senator of Constantinople, mar-
ries the empress Pulcheria, and is ac-
knowledged emperor, iv. 265. His
temperate refusal of the demands of
Attila the Hun, 266.
Marcianapolis, the city of, taken by the
Goths, i. 277.
Marcomanni are subdued and punished
by Marcus Antoninus, i. 264. Alli-
ance made with, by the emperor Gal-
lienus, 292.
Marcus elected bishop of the Nazarenes,
ii. 67,
Mardia, battle of, between Constantine
Margus, battle of, between Diocletian
the Great and Licinius, ii. 44.
and Carinus, i. 393.
Margus, bishop of, betrays his episcopal
city into the hands of the Huns, iv,
241.
Maria, daughter of Eudæmon of Car-
thage, her remarkable adventures, iv.'
227.
Mariana, his account of the misfortunes
of Spain, by an irruption of the barba-
rous nations, iv 152.
Marinus, a subaltern officer, chosen em-
peror by the legions of Masia, i. 268.
Marius the armourer, a candidate for the
purple among the competitors against
Gallienus, his character, i. 310.
Mark, bishop of Arethusa, is cruelly
treated by the emperor Julian, iii.
157.
Maronga, engagement there between the
emperor Julian, and Sapor king of
Persia, iii. 212.
Maronites of the East, character and his-
tory of, vi. 63.
Marozia, a Roman prostitute, the mo-
ther, grandmother, and great-grand-
mother, of three popes, vi. 207.
Marriage, regulations of, by the Roman
laws, v. 341. Of Roman citizens with
strangers, proscribed by their jurispru-
dence, vii. 25.
Martel, Charles, duke of the Franks, his
character, vi. 423. His politic conduct
on the Saracen invasion of France,
424. Defeats the Saracens, ibid. Why
he was consigned over to hell flames
by the clergy, 425.
Martin, bishop of Tours, destroys the
idols and Pagan temples in Gaul, iii.
459. His monkish institutions there,
iv. 375.
Martina marries her uncle, the emperor
Heraclius, vi. 82. Endeavours to share
the Imperial dignity with her sons, 83.
Her fate, 85.
Martinianus receives the title of Cæsar,
from the emperor Licinius, ii. 54.
Martyrs, primitive, an inquiry into the
true history of, ii. 138. The several in-
ducements to martyrdom, 175. Three
methods of escaping it, 179. Marks
by which learned Catholics distinguish
the relics of the martyrs, 170. note.
The worship of, and their relics, intro-
duced, iii. 472.
Mary, Virgin, her immaculate concep-
tion, borrowed from the Koran, vi.
251.
Mascazel, the persecuted brother of Gil-
do the Moor, takes refuge in the Im-
perial court of Honorius, iv. 22. Is in-
trusted with troops to reduce Gildo,
ibid. Defeats him, 24. His suspicious
death, 25.
Master of the offices under Constantine
the Great, his functions, ii. 267.
Maternus, his revolt and conspiracy a
gainst the emperor Commodus, i. 100.
Matthew, St. his gospel originally com-
posed in Hebrew, ii. 121. note. vi. 3.
Maurice, his birth, character, and pro-
motion to the Eastern empire, v. 399.
Restores Chosroes II. king of Persia,
433. His war against the Avars, 440.
State of his armies, 442. His abdica-
tion and death, 447.
Mauritania, ancient, its situation and ex-
tent, i. 29. Character of the native
Moors of, iv. 216.
Maxentius, the son of Maximian, declared
emperor at Rome, ii. 11. His tyranny
in Italy and Africa, 23. The military
force he had to oppose Constantine,
26. His defeat and death, 33. His po
litic humanity to the Christians, 207.
Maximian, associate in the empire with
Diocletian, his character, i. 396. Tri-
umphs with Diocletian, 424. Holds
his court at Milan, 426. Abdicates the
empire along with Diocletian, 437.
He resumes the purple, ii. 11. Redu-
ces Severus, and puts him to death,
12. His second resignation and unfor
tunate end, 18. 20. His aversion to the
Christians accounted for, 195.
Maximilianus, the African, a Christian
martyr, ii. 195.
Maximin, his birth, fortune, and eleva-
tion to the empire of Rome, i. 189.
Why deemed a persecutor of the
Christians, 313.
Maximin is declared Cæsar, on the abdi.
cation of Diocletian, ii. 3. Obtains the
rank of Augustus from Galerius, 17.
His defeat and death, 38. Renewed
the persecution of the Christians after
the toleration granted by Galerius, 211.
Maximin, the cruel minister of the em-
peror Valentinian, promoted to the
præfecture of Gaul, iii. 255.
Maximin, his embassy from Theodosius
the Younger, to Attila king of the
Huns, iv. 253.
Maximus and Balbinus, elected joint em
perors by the senate, on the deaths of
the two Gordians, i. 2010
Maximus, his character and revolt in
Britain, iii. 390. His treaty with the
emperor Theodosius, 393. Persecutes
the Priscillianists, 409. His invasion
of Italy, 418. His defeat and death,
422.
|