CONTRIBUTED BY JOHN W. JORDAN.

Augustus Gottlieb Spangenberg was born July 15, 1704, in Klettenberg, Saxony, and was the youngest son of the Rev. George Spangenberg, the resident Lutheran pastor. In 1714 he entered the Grammar School at Ilefeld, where he completed his preliminary studies, and in 1722 was admitted at the University of Jena, graduating in 1726. Six years later we find him a Professor in the University at Halle. Uniting with the Moravian Church in 1733, he soon rose to eminent position. Early in the year 1735, he was despatched with a small colony to settle on a tract of 500 acres on the Ogeechee River, granted to Zinzendorf by the Trustees. of Georgia. In the spring of 1736, he sailed for Pennsyl vania to labor among the Schwenk felders, whom Zinzendorf had received on his estate on their banishment from Silesia, and who in 1734 had emigrated and settled within the present limits of Montgomery County. While here he was deputed to hold a visitation on St. Thomas, and sailed for the West Indies in August, returning in November following. After making a visit of four months in 1737 to VOL. VIII.-16

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the colony in Georgia (which was subsequently abandoned after the breaking out of war between England and Spain), he closed his labors among the Schwenkfelders, and was in August of 1739 recalled to Europe. After Zinzendorf's return from his visit to America in 1743, Spangenberg was consecrated a bishop, June 15, 1744, and sent to Pennsylvania for the second time. In October he visited the mission stations in New York and Connecticut, the first established by his church, among the aborigines of America. During the summer of 1745 he also visited the Council at Onondaga to obtain their consent to the contemplated removal of the Indian Mission to the Wyoming Valley. It was while on this journey that his guides Shikellmy and his son Andrew, and Andrew Montour, gave him the name of T'gerhitontie, signifying "a row of standing trees." In this connection it may be also stated that he was familiarly called by his brethren, "Brother Joseph." While a deputation of chiefs of the Six Nations were in Philadelphia, in July of 1749, he held an interview with them in the parsonage of the Moravian church, when the compact made with Zinzendorf in 1742 was renewed, that Moravian missionaries be allowed to reside in Onondaga to perfect themselves in the study of the Indian language. Shortly after he sailed again for Europe, returning to America for the third time in 1751, the shortest of all his visits. In addition to his other duties, in 1752 he visited western North Carolina to inspect the tract of over 90,000 acres which the church had purchased from Earl Granville, on which to build settlements. Spangenberg's fourth and last sojourn in America fell between 1754 and 1762, during a portion of which time Pennsylvania became the scene of contest between the English and the French with their Indian allies, for territorial aggrandizement.

The Indian Mission which had always been an object of special regard by Spangenberg was now placed in a peculiarly trying position. The Indians in the French interests sum

1 For" Spangenberg's Notes of Travel to Onondaga in 1745," refer to PENNA. MAGAZINE, Vol. II. p. 425.