"who give thirty-two shillings per bushel for good, clean, Mustard Seed, and in proportion for smaller quantities, at the store of the deceased [most probably the Widow Crathorne, as the place is the same], now of the subscriber, on the south side of Market Street, about half way between Front and Second Streets, where orders from town or country are carefully attended to by John Haworth."

The Philadelphia journals of 1790-2 show active competition in the spice business; and probably Mr. Haworth did not continue it long. In 1792 or '93, James Davenport put in operation at the Globe Mills, machinery patented by him in 1791 for spinning and weaving flax, hemp and tow, by water power. The mill was visited by President Washington and several members of Congress in 1793. Davenport died a few years thereafter, and the machinery was sold in 1798.1 In 1779, John Hewson, a revolutionary soldier, had established linen printing works, using hand printing blocks, at what was afterwards Dyottville, and now the suburb Richmond, receiving £200 aid from the Assembly in 1789. Mrs. Washington frequently wore calico dresses, woven in Philadelphia and printed at this establishment. Bishop mentions [His. of A. M. ii. 100], that John Hewson's print works were removed to the Globe Mills, but does not state in what year. They were there in 1803."

Sarah Masters visited England, Scotland and Ireland in 1795, and while there, married Turner Camac, a scion of one

1 Scharf & Westcott's "His. of Philadelphia," 1884, iii. 2310. Bishop, His. of Amer. Mfrs., ií. 51, also says: "A number of carding machines for cotton and wool were recently (1794) constructed, and eight spinning frames on the Arkwright principle, and several mules were erected at the Globe Mill in the Northern Liberties."

Introduction to vol. iv. page 106, U. S. Census 1860, has the following on this effort: "The labor was done chiefly by boys, each of whom was able to spin in ten hours 97,333 yards of flaxen or hempen thread, using 20 to 40 pounds of hemp according to fineness, and another could weave on the machinery 15 to 20 yards of sail-cloth per diem.”

It is quite possible that for some years his son John Hewson, Jr., continued a print works at or near the former place; for, as late as 1808, he is mentioned in the directory as a calico printer, located or residing in Beach Street above Maiden [Laurel] Street.

of the oldest Irish families, originally of Spanish extraction; he possessed several handsome landed estates, and a valuable copper mine. Miss Masters shortly before her marriage obtained from John Davagne £5000 on mortgage upon her real estate in the Northern Liberties. Some years after their marriage, when Mr. and Mrs. Camac came to reside in the large old house on the west side of Third above Union Street, Philadelphia, and Mr. Devagne having in the mean time died, it became a question how to avoid inconvenience, and by whom to cancel the said mortgage, and thereafter give indefeasible titles to portions of the property sold, at same time protecting the interests of both wife and husband. There would have been no difficulty in obtaining a large sum on mortgage, but that was inadvisable, as the property was becoming very valuable, was wanted, and must be minutely subdivided on sale. The plan adopted was for a friend to buy the whole property at sheriff's sale, consequent on an amicable suit by Devagne's executor, reimburse outlay by sales of lots in his own name, and then reconvey the remainder, unencumbered. Benjamin R. Morgan, one of the most esteemed citizens of Philadelphia (admitted to practice as attorney in 1785, secretary of the Philadelphia Library from 1792 to 1825, and judge of the District Court in 1821), was the disinterested friend who performed this service; and to him all the property was conveyed by sheriff's deed dated April 3, 1809.1 In said deed, among the various tracts described, neither the Governor's Mill, nor the "mill land," nor mill-pond is mentioned. Although anticipatory, it is proper here to mention that Mr. Morgan, after conveyance of the Governor's Mill and other land therewith, about to be mentioned, and the sale of certain other lots of ground, conveyed in 1812, "out of friendship to Turner Camac"-as expressed in the deed-all the residue of the tracts and lots comprising Sarah Masters Camac's estate to two trustees "for the benefit of Turner Camac and Wife." This formed what for many years was known as the Camac Estate.

(To be continued.)

1 Book C, Sup. Ct. Rec., Philadelphia, page 378.

GENERAL SIR FREDERICK HALDIMAND IN
PENNSYLVANIA.

BY G. D. SKULL, OXFORD, ENGLAND.

General Haldimand, like many other British and Swiss officers who served in America before the Revolution, invested most of his spare money in buying up choice and desirable tracts of land throughout the country. In this way the subject of our notice may be said to have identified himself with Pennsylvania, as will be seen by the following letter, addressed to him by his old friend and Swiss compatriot Major Augustin Prevost. General Haldimand owned, besides the Pennsylvania estate alluded to, the extensive seigniory of Pabôs in Canada, which was, in 1772, under the management of his nephew, Pierre Haldimand. This estate had been purchased by him soon after his arrival in America. After the passing of the act of expulsion of the Acadians from Nova Scotia, General Haldimand applied to that government for permission to receive a number of the unfortunate exiles at Pabôs. This estate, once known as Pabôs, is said to be now called by the name of Haldimand, and has been erected either into a township or a county. The following genealogical notes concerning the Swiss family of Haldimand have been furnished by a correspondent in Switzerland. The family derived their descent from "honest" (honniête) Gaspard Haldimand, originally of the bailiwick of Thun, in Canton Berne, who removed to Yverdun, 1st April, 1671, and was admitted to citizenship 26 March, 1694, with his four sons, one of whom François Lois, notary and justiciary of Yverdun (1728–1737), married Marie Madelaine de Traytorrens, and had several sons and one daughter. Frederick Haldimand, said to have been the eldest son of the above François, was born in Yverdun. He entered the military service, and passed many years in America. One of his brothers, Jean Abraham Haldimand, became a banker in

Turin, and married, in 1745, Marie Justine, daughter of J. J. Long, and Marie Bonijal, and had eight children. Their only daughter was named Marie Madelaine Haldimand. Another brother of Frederick Haldimand was François Louis, who was Secretary-bailiff of the valley of Yverdun, and married Esther Chaillet.

Several generations of the family of Haldimand have been settled at Locust Grove, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. They claim to be descended from Jacob, a brother of General Frederick Haldimand. In process of time this American branch seems to have dropped the final "d" in the family name. Jacob Haldimand was born October 7, 1722, and died in Rappo Township, Pennsylvania, where he settled on first coming to America, and purchased a considerable tract of land. His son John settled at Locust Grove (1753-1832), and was succeeded by his eldest son John Breneman Haldiman (1779-1836), from whom the estate passed to his fourth son, Henry Haldiman (1787-1849), who married Frances Stehman (1794-1826), and was the father of the distinguished scientist, the late Samuel Stehman Haldiman, who died September 10, 1880.1

Frederick Haldimand served in the armies of Sardinia and Prussia with his friend Henry Boquet. Commissions of Lieutenant-Colonel were offered them by Sir Joseph Yorke, the English minister at the Hague in 1756. In the following year they went to America. Colonel Haldimand distinguished himself at Ticonderoga in July 8, 1758, and also at the defence of Oswego in 1759 against the French and Indians. He was with General Amhurst at Montreal from 1760 to 1762, and was apponted Colonel, and placed in command of Florida in 1767, on the death there of Colonel Henry Boquet. He was made Major-General May 25, 1772, and succeeded General Gage at New York in 1773. On General Gage's return from England to resume the command, General Haldimand was sent to Boston, where he was in a short time replaced by General Gage in 1774. Being re

1 Memoir of S. S. Haldiman by Charles Henry Hart, 1881.

lieved of his command, he was summoned to England, by the ministry, to act as their adviser on American affairs. Here he remained until his appointment as Governor-General of Quebec and Canada in 1778, succeeding General Guy Carlton. His full official title then was "Captain-General and Governor-in-chief in and over the Provinces of Quebec and the Territories depending thereon in American, ViceAdmiral of the same, General and Commander-in-Chief of his Majesty's Forces in the said Provinces and Frontiers thereof, &c. &c. &c." He was created a Knight of the Bath May 19, 1778. At the close of the year 1784 he retired to England, and succeeded Lord Heathfield July 30, 1787, as Governor-in-chief of Gibralter. He eventually retired to Yverdun, Switzerland, where he died in the house of his brother, June 5, 1791. Antoine François Haldimand, the son of Jean Abraham and of Marie Justine Long, became a banker in London, and eventually inherited the property of his uncle, the General. He married Miss Pickersgill, by whom he had twelve children. One of his sons, William Haldimand, was born in London, September 9, 1784, and died at Lausanne, September 20, 1862. He was the friend of Charles Dickens, and is mentioned in John Foster's Life. He is said to have found the material for his election scene in Pickwick in his friend William Haldimand's election at Ipswich. William Haldimand bequeathed all the papers of General Haldimand, numbering between two and three hundred volumes, to the British Museum. In the above volumes are also bound up all the papers of General Henry Boquet on American affairs, which were left at his death in 1765 to his friend General Haldimand.

Major Augustin Prevost ("of Montgomery, State of Pennsylvania") to General Fred Haldimand (in London) 18 August, 1788.

"I have just returned from the western country, where I called in consequence of seeing that your lands had been again advertized for the Taxes of last year by the Commissioners of Bedford which evinces the great desire they have of availing themselves of every advantage over the absentees