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ἀγνοήσειν οἶμαι, ἐὰν ἀκούσητε, “ Διότιμος Διοτίμου Ικαριεύς, ̓Αρχεβιάδης Δημοτέλους ̔Αλαιεὺς, Χαιρέτιμος Χαριμένους" Πιτθεὺς μαρτυροῦσιν ἀπιέναι “ ἀπὸ δείπνου μετὰ Κόνωνος, καὶ προσελθεῖν ἐν ἀγορᾷ μαχομένοις Αρίστωνι καὶ τῷ υἱεὶ τῷ Κόνωνος, καὶ 32 “ μὴ πατάξαι Κόνωνα ̓Αρίστωνα,” ὡς ὑμᾶς εὐθέως πιστεύσοντας, τὸ δ ̓ ἀληθὲς οὐ λυγιουμένους, ὅτι πρῶτον μὲν οὐδέποτ ̓ ἂν οὔθ ̓ ὁ Λυσίστρατος οὔθ ̓ ὁ Πασέας οὔθ ̓ ὁ Νικήρατος οὔθ ̓ ὁ Διόδωρος, οἳ διαρρήδην μεμαρτυρήκασιν ὁρᾶν ὑπὸ Κόνωνος τυπτόμενον ἐμὲ καὶ θοἰμάτιον ἐκδυόμενον καὶ τἄλλα ὅσα ἔπασχον ὑβριζόμενον, ἀγνῶτες ὄντες καὶ ἀπὸ ταὐτομάτου παραγενόμενοι τῷ πράγματι τὰ ψευδῆ μαρτυρεῖν ἠθέλη- 1267 Χαιρήτιος Z cum FΣ; χαιρίτιος Φ. Χαιριμένους Ζ cum ΣrAl.

* Bekk.

w Bekk.

Ικαριεύς...Αλαιεὺς... Πιτθεὺς.] The names of the corresponding demes are (1) 'Ικαρία, belonging to the tribe Aegeis, and placed by Leake in the south part of Diacria, not far from the Marathonian district :' (2) Αλαί, a name common to two seacoast demes, the first 'Alai Aiξωνίδες of the tribe Cecropis S.W. of Athens and N.W. of Cape Zoster; the second 'Αλαί Αραφηνίδες of the tribe Aegeis on the east coast of Attica near Brauron: and (3) Πίθος, of the tribe Cecropis placed by Bursian N.E. of Athens, near the southern spurs of Brilessus. The spelling Πιθεὺς is found in the Paris us Σ, instead of Πιτθεύς of other MSS. The latter is recognised by Harpocr. s. v. Πιτθεύς· δῆμος τῆς Κεκροπίδος ἡ Πιτθός (sic). (Leake's Athens, and Bursian Geogr. 1. 345, quoted by Westermann).-For 'Apxeβιάδης see note on § 34.

μὴ πατάξαι Κόνωνα Αρίστωνα.]
P. S. D. ΙΙ.

The sense shews that Conon is
the subject, Ariston the object.
The order of the words is, in
itself, inconclusive. In ὡς
πιστεύσαντας we have the accu-
sative absolute of the parti-
ciple, used with ὡς, as often
with ὥσπερ (quasi vero).

32. dv] is constructed with
ἠθέλησαν, five lines distant.

Νικήρατος.] possibly the Niceratus to whom Demosthenes pathetically refers in Or. 21 (Meid.) § 165, Νικήρατος ὁ τοῦ Νικίου ἀγαπητὸς παῖς, ὁ παντάπασιν ἀσθενὴς τῷ σώματι. If so, he would be a great-grandson of the Nicias, who commanded in the Sicilian expedition.

θοιμάτιον ἐκδυόμενον.] Lysias Or. 10 § 40 (with reference to the term λωποδύτης) εἴ τις ἀπάγοι τινὰ φάσκων θοιμάτιον ἀποδεδύσθαι ἢ τὸν χιτωνίσκον ἐκδεδύσθαι, where θοιμάτιον (as here) and χιτωνίσκον are the object and not the subject.

τὰ ψευδῆ.] Cf. Οr. 45 § 2

13

σαν, εἰ μὴ ταῦθ ̓ ἑώρων πεπονθότα· ἔπειτ ̓ αὐτὸς ἐγὼ οὐδέποτ ̓ ἂν, μὴ παθὼν ὑπὸ τούτου ταῦτ ̓, ἀφεὶς τοὺς καὶ παρ' αὐτῶν τούτων ὁμολογουμένους τύπτειν ἐμὲ πρὸς τὸν οὐδ ̓ ἁψάμενον πρῶτον εἰσιέναι προειλόμην. 33 τί γὰρ ἄν ; ἀλλ ̓ ὑφ ̓ οὗ γε πρώτου ἐπλήγην καὶ μάλισθ'

ὑβρίσθην, τούτῳ καὶ δικάζομαι καὶ μισῶ καὶ ἐπεξέρ χομαι. καὶ τὰ μὲν παρ' ἐμοῦ πάνθ' οὕτως ἐστὶν ἀληθῆ καὶ φαίνεται· τούτῳ δὲ μὴ παρασχομένῳ τούτους μάρτυρας ἦν δήπου λόγος οὐδεὶς, ἀλλ ̓ ἡλωκέναι παραχρῆμα ὑπῆρχε σιωπῇ. συμπόται δ ̓ ὄντες τούτου καὶ πολλῶν τοιούτων ἔργων κοινωνοὶ εἰκότως τὰ ψευδῆ μεμαρτυρήκασιν. εἰ δ ̓ ἔσται τὸ πρᾶγμα τοιοῦτον, " ἐὰν

u

u

• Reiskius, (ὥστ ̓ ἐὰν ἅπαξ— οὐδὲν εἶναι τῆς ἀληθ. Hoc quidem speciose, sed illud non puto necesse.' Dobree.

'if they had not actually seen the assault, they would never have consented to give false evidence,' i. e. evidence which, on that supposition, would have been false, τὰ ψευδῆ ἂν ὄντα εἰ μὴ ταῦθ ̓ ἑώρων.

ἔπειτ ̓ αὐτὸς ἐγὼ] refers to ὅτι πρῶτον μὲν (οἱ μάρτυρες) and still subordinate to the distant ὅτι.

πρῶτον.] adverb, to be taken with εἰσιέναι, contrasted with ὑφ' οὗ πρώτου ἐπλήγην. I prosecute first the man who struck me first of all the assailants.' This seems better than to take it with ἁψάμενον, him who did not even touch me first.'

εἰσιέναι.] εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον. See note on Or. 45 §7. Reiske's index shews that this verb is used in Dem. of either litigant or both, or again of the cause itself, or even with δίκην or γραφήν as accusative after it.

33. τί γὰρ αν;]‘Why should I? The мss have the interpolation, ἢ διὰ τί ; probably a mere explanation of Tí; as equivalent to διὰ τί;

δικάζομαι ... μισῶ ἐπεξέρχο μαι.] "Sue...abhor... prosecute (visit with vengeance'), 'he it is whom I sue and prosecute as my enemy.' The collocation of μισώ, expressive of inward feeling, between δικάζομαι and ἐπεξέρχομαι, indicating outward acts, is curious. The latter word is probably immediately suggested by μισώ ' not only do I hate him in my heart, but I carry out that hatred to its practical issue by prosecuting him.'

φαίνεται] sc. ἀληθῆ ὄντα, not appears,' but 'is proved to be,' is clearly true.'-un παρασχόμενος = εἰ μὴ παρέσχετο.

εἰκότως.] to be taken with τὰ ψευδή μεμαρτύρηκασι, not with κοινωνοί.

εἰ δ ̓ ἔσται κ.τ.λ.] 'If it comes to such a pass, if once certain persons are lost to all sense of shame and openly dare to give false evidence, and (consequently) truth has no advantage, it will be an atrocious state of things.' The simple construction would have been

u

ἅπαξ ἀπαναισχυντήσωσί τινες καὶ τὰ ψευδῆ φανερῶς τολμήσωσι μαρτυρεῖν, οὐδὲν δὲ τῆς ἀληθείας ὄφελος, 34 πάνδεινον ἔσται πρᾶγμα. ἀλλὰ νὴ Δία οὐκ εἰσὶ τοιοῦ τοι. ἀλλ ̓ ἴσασιν ὑμῶν, ὡς ἐγὼ νομίζω, πολλοὶ καὶ τὸν Διότιμον καὶ τὸν ̓Αρχεβιάδην καὶ τὸν Χαιρέτιμον* τὸν

* Bekk.

Χαιρήτιον Ζ cum FΣΦ. Cf. § 31.

as follows: ἐὰν δὲ ἅπαξ ἀπαναι σχυντήσωσί τινες καὶ τὰ ψευδῆ φανερῶς τολμήσωσι μαρτυρεῖν, οὐδὲν ἔσται τῆς ἀληθείας ὄφελος εἰ δὲ ἔσται τὸ πρᾶγμα τοιοῦτον,

πάνδεινον ἔσται.

As it is, Demosthenes, by writing τοιοῦτον in the early part of the sentence, leads us to expect ώστε, which however never comes; we have instead, the clause ἐὰν, κ.τ.λ., exegetical of τοιοῦτον ; again οὐδὲν τῆς ἀληθείας ὄφελος is in sense the apodosis of ἐὰν τὰ ψευδῆ τολμήσωσι μαρτυρεῖν, but in construction is made part of the protasis. πάνδεινον ἔσται πρᾶγμα is left to do duty as an apodosis and πράγμα is necessarily repeated owing to the long interval that separates the apodosis from τὸ πρᾶγμα in the protasis.

For el-ovdèv, see note on Or. 34 § 48.

ἀπαναισχυντήσωσι] used of unblushing effrontery. Cf. ἀπο αυθαδίζεσθαι. Or. 29 § 20, τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἀπηναισχύντει, τοῦ δὲ διαιτητοῦ κελεύοντος μαρτυρεῖν ἢ ἐξομύνειν, ἐμαρτύρησε πάνυ μόλις.

34. ἀλλὰ νή Δία] used, as often, like at enim, to introduce emphatically an anticipated rejoinder on the part of the opponents. ‘Oh but, good heavens ! they are not such characters as I make them out.' The phrase may be seen in its fullest form in Or. 20 § 3 ἀλλὰ νὴ Δί ̓ ἐκεῖνο ἂν ἴσως εἴποι πρὸς ταῦτα.

SS 34-37. Many of you know the characters of the witnesses for the defence,-men who, in the daytime, affect an austerity which is very inconsistent with their conduct when they meet together. They will unscrupulously contradict the evidence on our side, but you will remember that I rely on medical witnesses, whereas my opponents have no independent testimony, and, but for themselves, could get no evidence at all against me. People who break into houses, and assault persons in the streets, would surely have no scruple about putting down false evidence on a paltry piece of paper.

34. ̓Αρχεβιάδην.] This worthy, who has already been men. tioned among the witnesses in §§ 7 and 31, and must not be confounded with the still less known Αρχεβιάδης ὁ Λαμπτρεύς (Or. 52 § 3), was evidently quite a 'character,' judging from Plutarch's description of him as 'a man of sour countenance who always wore a coarse cloak and had grown a prodigious beard.' Phocion. x init. ŵv dé τις ̓Αρχεβιάδης ἐπικαλούμενος Λακωνιστής, πώγωνά τε και θειμένος ὑπερφυή μεγέθει καὶ τρίβωνα φορῶν ἀεὶ καὶ σκυθρωπάζων τοῦτον ἐν βουλῇ θορυβούμενος ὁ Φωκίων ἐπεκαλεῖτο τῷ λόγῳ μάρτυν ἅμα καὶ βοηθόν. ὡς δὲ ἀναστὰς ἐκεῖνος ἃ πρὸς χάριν ἦν τοῖς ̓Αθηναίοις συνεβού

ἐπιπόλιον τουτονὶ, οἳ μεθ ̓ ἡμέραν μὲν ἐσκυθρωπάκασι καὶ λακωνίζειν φασὶ καὶ τρίβωνας ἔχουσι καὶ ἁπλᾶς ὑποδέδενται, ἐπειδὰν δὲ συλλεγῶσι καὶ μετ ̓ ἀλλήλων 35 γένωνται, κακῶν καὶ αἰσχρῶν οὐδὲν ἐλλείπουσι· καὶ ταῦτα τὰ λαμπρὰ καὶ νεανικά ἐστιν αὐτῶν “ οὐ γὰρ

λευεν, ἁψάμενος αὐτοῦ τῶν γενείων “ ὦ Αρχεβιάδη” εἶπε “ τί οὖν οὐκ ἀπεκείρω ;” It will be observed that Plutarch's anecdote contains several points of coincidence with the passage before us.

τὸν ἐπιπόλιον] 'the greyheaded man yonder' (present in court). Aristot. Gen. anim. v. 5. 3 ἐπιπολιοῦνται αἱ τρίχες • the hair grows grizzled. [ἐπιπόλιος is perhaps much the same as the Homeric μεσαιπόλιος, ΙΙ. ΧΙΙΙ. 361, whether the sense is 'grey on the top,' or 'half grey,' 'grizzled.' P.]

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ἐσκυθρωπάκασι] i.e. assume a sour expression and a frowning brow.' Cf. Or. 45 § 68.

λακωνίζειν φασι] i. e. ‘pretend to imitate the Laconians.' Plato Protag. 342 Β, οἱ μὲν (sc. ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι λακωνίζοντες) τά τε κατάγνυνται (i. e. get their ears battered in boxing) μιμούμενοι αὐτοὺς, καὶ ἱμάντας περιειλίττονται καὶ φιλογυμναστοῦσι καὶ βρα χείας αναβολὰς φορούσιν, ὡς δὴ τούτοις κρατοῦντας τῶν Ἑλ λήνων τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους. Αr. Aves 1281 έλακωνομάνουν ἅπαντες ἄνθρωποι τότε | ἐκόμων, ἐπείνων, ἐρρύπων, ἐσωκράτουν, | ἐσκυταλιοφόρουν(v. Becker's Charicles p. 63 with n. 8).

τρίβωνας.] Sometimes mentioned as characteristic of Laconians. Plutarch Nicias 19: τοὺς Σικελιώτας ..σκώπτοντας εἰς τὸν τρίβωνα καὶ τὴν κόμην (of Gylippus the Spartan general)...èv τῇ βακτηρίᾳ καὶ τῷ τρίβωνι τὸ

σύμβολον καὶ τὸ ἀξίωμα τῆς Σπάρτ της καθορώντες... Athenaeus XII. 50, p. 535 (quoting the historian Douris) Παυσανίας ὁ τῶν Σπαρτιατῶν βασιλεὺς, καταθέμενος τὸν πάτριον τρίβωνα, τὴν Περσικὴν ἐνεδύετο στολήν. [At the same time, the regular dress of the old Athenian dicast or ecclesiast was the τρίβων and the βακτηρία, both often mentioned in Aristoph. P.] 6 wear

ἁπλᾶς ὑποδέδενται] single-soled shoes sc. ἐμβάδας. Harpocration ἁπλᾶς· Δημ. κατὰ Κόνωνος. Καλλίστρατός φησι τὰ μονόπελμα τῶν ὑποδημάτων οὕτω καλεῖσθαι. Στράττις Λημνομέδα · ὑποδήματα σαυτῷ πρίασθαι τῶν ἁπλῶν. Hesychius, ἁπλαῖ ὑποδήματος εἶδος. They had only one thickness of sole and were apparently more like slippers than shoes. (Becker, Charicles, p. 449.) There was also a more elaborate kind of shoes known as Λακωνικαί. For the general drift of the sentence cf. Isaeus Or. 5 § 11 ὀνειδίζει καὶ ἐγκαλεῖ αὐτῷ ὅτι ἐμβάδας καὶ τριβώνια φορεῖ ὥσπερ ἀδικούμενός τι εἰ ἐμβάδας Κηφισόδοτος φορεῖ, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀδικῶν ὅτι ἀφελόμενος αὐτὸν τὰ ὄντα πόνηρα πεποίηκεν.

συλλεγώσι] sc. νυκτός, contrasted with μεθ' ἡμεραν μέν. κακῶν καὶ αἰσχρῶν] “wickedness and indecency.'

35. τὰ λαμπρὰ καὶ νεανικά] 'their splendid and spirited pleas.'

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οὐ γὰρ κ.τ.λ.] What! sha'n't we, &c.' quidni igitur?

σε

“ ἡμεῖς μαρτυρήσομεν ἀλλήλοις; οὐ γὰρ ταῦθ ̓ ἑταίρων “ ἐστὶ καὶ φίλων; τί δὲ καὶ δεινόν ἐστιν ὧν παρέξεται “ κατὰ σοῦ; τυπτόμενόν φασί τινες ὁρᾶν; ἡμεῖς δὲ μηδ' ἦφθαι τὸ παράπαν μαρτυρήσομεν. ἐκδεδύσθαι 1268 θοἰμάτιον; τοῦτ ̓ ἐκείνους πρότερον πεποιηκέναι ἡμεῖς

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· μαρτυρήσομεν. τὸ χεῖλος ἐρράφθαι; τὴν κεφαλὴν δέ 36 “ γ' ἡμεῖς ἢ ἕτερόν τι κατεαγέναι φήσομεν.” ἀλλὰ καὶ μάρτυρας ἰατροὺς παρέχομαι. τοῦτ ̓ οὐκ ἔστιν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, παρὰ τούτοις· ὅσα γὰρ μὴ δι' αὐτῶν, οὐδενὸς μάρτυρος καθ' ἡμῶν εὐπορήσουσιν. ἡ δ ̓ ἀπ' αὐτῶν ἑτοιμότης οὐδ ̓ ἂν εἰπεῖν μὰ τοὺς θεοὺς δυ ναίμην ὅση καὶ οἵα πρὸς τὸ ποιεῖν ὁτιοῦν ὑπάρχει. ἵνα δ ̓ εἰδῆτε οἷα καὶ διαπραττόμενοι περιέρχονται, λέγε αὐτοῖς ταυτασὶ τὰς μαρτυρίας, σὺ δ ̓ ἐπίλαβε τὸ ὕδωρ.

ὧν παρέξεται.] constr. τί δὲ καὶ δεινόν ἐστιν ἐκ τούτων ἃ παρέξεται ὁ ̓Αρίστων κατὰ σοῦ; ‘is there any serious harm, anything really worth fearing?'

ήφθαι] passive, referring to Ariston, like τυπτόμενον just before. 'ήμμαι is pf. mid. in Soph. Τr. 1009 (ἧπται) and Pl. Phaedr. 260 (ήφθαι) (we may add Dem. Or. 51 § 5, ήφθαι τῆς τριήρους τούτους); ‘pf. passive in Eur. Hel. 107, Ar. Pl. 301 and Thuc. IV. 100.' Veitch, Greek Verbs.

ἐρράφθαι] § 41, τὸ χεῖλος διακοπεὶς οὕτως ώστε ῥαφῆναι. This was doubtless part of the surgeon's evidence in § 10.

κατεαγέναι] second perfect in passive sense. For other constructions, cf. Pl. Gorg. 469 D, τῆς κεφαλῆς κατεαγέναι and Lys. Οr. 3 § 40 καταγεὶς τὴν κεφαλὴν ὑπ ̓ αὐτοῦ.

36. ὅσα μὴ] except what is (deposed) by means of themselves;' nam nisi quod sibi ipsi testa

6

buntur nullum adversus nos tes-
tem habebunt. Plutarch Timol.
3, προς διαφερόντως ὅσα μὴ μι
σοτύραννος εἶναι καὶ μισοπόνηρος.
G. H. Schaefer.

ὅση καὶ οἵα] quanta et qualis.
'In heaven's name I could not
tell you the extent and the cha-
racter of the readiness existing
on their part to perpetrate any-
thing in the world.' Cf. the
common collocation τοσοῦτος καὶ
τοιοῦτος (e.g. § 37), which may
often be conveniently para-
phrased as above.

ἵνα εἰδῆτε.] The speaker uses the plural in addressing the diκασταί, and passes off to the singular λέγε, on turning to the clerk of the court.

ἐπίλαβε τὸ ὕδωρ.] Or. 45 § 8 etc. The κλεψύδρα (Becker's Charicles, p. 212 n.) was always stopped by the functionary in charge of it (ὁ ἐφ' ὕδωρ) during the recitation of documents: it was only the duration of the

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