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prietor, led to a stream of intermittent rain-water gradually forming a channel for itself (μâλλov wdoroíel § 11) through a burial-ground' planted with fruit-trees. The plaintiff appears to have contended that the channel thus formed was a water-course within the terms of the law; the defendant relies on the existence of the trees and the tombs to prove that it was not a recognised channel, but part of his private ground, accidentally inundated, and repeatedly traversed by water, more than fifteen years before. It was this damage, he contends, that led to his father building the wall for the protection of his property.

Lastly, we have several points that are curiously suggestive on the state of the country-roads in the hilly districts of Attica; the road itself is assumed to be the natural channel for the drainage of the neighbouring hills, and a proper water-course beside the road is declared a thing unheard of. In fact, like some of the present roads of Attica, as described in a modern writer's amusing sketches of Greek brigandage, the road and the stream were one and the same thing, and, except in dry weather, the former hardly existed2.

1 For purposes of irrigation, Plato would allow the tenant to divert water from streams that were common property by cutting himself a channel anywhere except through a private house or through temples or tombs. Legg. p. 844 A, TŵV ὑδάτων πέρι γεωργοίσι παλαιοὶ

καὶ καλοὶ νόμοι κείμενοι οὐκ ἄξιοι παροχετεύειν λόγοις, ἀλλ' ὁ βουληθεὶς ἐπὶ τὸν αὑτοῦ τόπον ἄγειν ὕδωρ ἀγέτω μὲν ἀρχόμενος ἐκ τῶν κοινών ναμάτων... ᾗ δ ̓ ἂν βούληται ἄγειν, πλὴν δι' οἰκίας ἢ ἱερῶν τι νῶν ἢ καὶ μνημάτων, ἀγέτω.

2 Edmond About, quoted on p. 231.

EXPLANATION OF THE SYMBOLS USED IN

THIS EDITION IN RECORDING

VARIOUS READINGS.

As a general rule, wherever our text (that of W. Dindorf's third Edition) agrees with that of the Zurich editors, we have not thought it necessary to notice any variations in the мss. Where Dindorf differs from the Zurich editors, the difference is in most cases due to the greater weight given by the latter to the readings of the Paris мs 2.

Z stands for the Zurich text of Demosthenes as printed by J. G. Baiter and H. Sauppe in their admirable edition of the Oratores Attici, in one volume (1850).

Bekk. Bekker's Berlin edition of 1824. Bekker's stereotyped edition (Bekker st.) was published at Leipzig in 1854, including a list of all the variations between the two editions, and this list is incorporated in the notes to the present volume, except in the case of Or. 36, where the only variations are the following: § 6, line 2, αὐτὴν (Bekk. st.) for ταύτην τὴν: § 8 τούτους...ἀντιμοιρεί (st.) for τούτοιςτὰς ἀντιμοιρίας: § 24 ἴδηθ' (st.) for εἰδῆθ': § 36 ὀδύρεται (st.) for ὀδυρεῖται and § 60 αὐτὸν (st.) for αὐτὸν ὑμῖν. When Dindorf differs from the Zurich editors, he generally agrees with Bekker. When a note begins with Bekk., it is meant that Dindorf's text is supported by Bekker's Berlin and Leipzig editions; then, after a slight space, follows the reading of the Zurich editors (Z) with the мss supporting it, introduced by the word cum. The мss thus quoted by the Zurich editors are as follows:

2. [Cited by some editors as S.] in the Public Library of Paris (No. 2934), on parchment; century X. This is admitted on all hands to be the best мs, and its readings are very often accepted by Bekker and still more frequently by the Zurich editors. For a protest against excessive deference to its authority, see the Preface of Mr Shilleto's fourth edition of the De falsa legatione, pp. vii, viii, xiv.

F. Codex Marcianus, in the Library of St Mark's, Venice (No. 416), on parchment; century XI. This мs generally agrees with the Codex Bavaricus (B).

9. In the same Library (No. 418), on parchment; century XI. k. In the Public Library of Paris (No. 2998) on cotton paper (bombycinus), forma quadrata; century XIV. Contains Or. 54 (κατὰ Κόνωνος).

r. In the same Library (No. 2936), on parchment forma maxima; century XIII.

A1. Augustanus primus, formerly at Augsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), now at Munich (No. 485), on parchment, paene quadratus; century XI (according to Dindorf), or XII (according to Z).

B. Bavaricus, now at Munich (No. 85), on cotton-paper ('bombycinus') forma maxima; century XIII.

γρ.

A contraction for ypáperaι, used in the мss themselves to introduce the marginal citation of a various reading.

In the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge there is a мs of Demosthenes bequeathed to the University by Mr Kerrich, an account of which has been given by Mr Paley in the Journal of Philology, vol. v. p. 28, and in a collation of the de falsa legatione published by the Philological Society of Cambridge. The readings of the мs appear to correspond to the vulgate before the time of Bekker, and it seems therefore of no great value. It contains the arguments only to the Private Orations to the present volume, and its variations from Dindorf's text are duly recorded under the abbreviation Kerrich ms.

XXXVI.

ΠΑΡΑΓΡΑΦΗ ΥΠΕΡ ΦΟΡΜΙΩΝΟΣ,

ΥΠΟΘΕΣΙΣ.

Πασίων ὁ τραπεζίτης τελευτῶν ἐπὶ δύο παισὶν ἐξ Αρχίππης, Απολλοδώρῳ καὶ Πασικλεῖ, Φορμίωνα οἰκέτην ἑαυτοῦ γενόμενον, τετυχηκότα δὲ ἔτι πρότερον ἐλευθερίας, ἐπίτροπον τοῦ νεωτέρου τῶν παίδων 5 Πασικλέους κατέλιπε, καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτῶν, παλλακὴν ἑαυτοῦ γενομένην, ἔδωκεν ἐπὶ προικὶ γυναῖκα. ̓Απολλόδωρος οὖν νέμεται πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν τὴν πατρῴαν οὐσίαν πλὴν τῆς τραπέζης καὶ τοῦ ἀσπιδοπηγείου· ταῦτα γὰρ Φορμίων ἐμεμίσθωτο παρὰ το Πασίωνος εἰς ὡρισμένον χρόνον τινά. καὶ τέως μὲν ἐλάμβανε τὸ ἥμισυ τῆς μισθώσεως ἑκάτερος, ὕστερον δὲ καὶ αὐτὰ νέμονται, καὶ γίγνεται τὸ μὲν ἀσπιδοπηγεῖον ̓Απολλοδώρου, Πασικλέους δὲ ἡ τράπεζα. ἀποθανούσης δὲ καὶ τῆς μητρὸς ὕστερον, νειμάμενος

Argument. τελευτῶν ἐπὶ δύο παισὶν.] ‘Dying with (in po8session of) two children,' i. e. 'leaving two children behind him at his death;' an idiom not unfrequent in late Greek, e. g. Herodian (fl. A.D. 238) IV. 2. 1, ἔθος ἐστὶ Ρωμαίοις ἐκθει άζειν βασιλέων τοὺς ἐπὶ παισὶ διαδόχοις τελευτήσαντας.

6. ἐπὶ προικὶ.] For the construction cf. Or. 28, Aphob. B, § 16, τὴν ἐμὴν μητέρα ἐγγυῶν ἐπὶ ταῖς

P. S. D. II.

ὀγδοήκοντα μναΐς. The marriage portion of Archippe amounted to five talents, as we learn from the First Speech against Stephanus, Or. 45 § 74, cf. ib. § 28, ἠκούσατε τὸ πλῆθος τῆς προικός, τάλαντον ἐκ Πεπαρήθου, τάλαντον αὐτόθεν, συνοικίαν ἑκατὸν μνῶν, θεραπαίνας καὶ χρυσία κ.τ.λ.

12. αὐτὰ.] They share between them the properties themselves, viz. when Phormio's lease of them had expired.

1

15 καὶ τὴν ἐκείνης οὐσίαν, ἐνεκάλει τῷ Φορμίωνι ὡς πολλὰ ἔχοντι ἑαυτοῦ χρήματα. καθίσαντες οὖν ἑαυ τοὺς διαιτητὰς, ὥς φησι Φορμίων, Απολλοδώρῳ προσήκοντες, Νικίας καὶ Δεινίας καὶ ̓Ανδρομένης, ἔπεισαν ̓Απολλόδωρον διαλύσασθαι πρὸς Φορμίωνα τὰ ἐγ20 κλήματα λαβόντα πεντακισχιλίας. ὁ μὲν οὖν ̓Απολλόδωρος μετὰ ταῦτα πάλιν εἴληχε δίκην Φορμίωνι ἀφορμῆς· ἀφορμὴν δὲ οἱ ̓Αττικοὶ καλοῦσιν ὅπερ ἡμεῖς 944 ἐνθήκην. ὁ δὲ Φορμίων παραγράφεται, νόμον παρεχόμενος τὸν κελεύοντα περὶ ὧν ἂν ἅπαξ ἀφῇ τις καὶ 25 διαλύσηται μηκέτι ἐξεῖναι δικάζεσθαι. ἅπτεται μέντοι

21. είληχε.] In Grammarian's Greek, this stands either for λαγχάνει οι ἔλαχε. So πέπομφε is used in the Argument to Or. 34, line 31, and so πεποίηκεν below. P.]

22. δίκην ἀφορμῆς.] ‘A suit referring to Capital,' 'a suit for the recovery of banking stock.' § 12 ἐγκαλοῦντ ̓ ἀφορμήν.

23. ἐνθήκην.] Harpocrations.v. ἀφορμή· ὅταν τις ἀργύριον δῷ ἐνθήκην, ἀφορμὴ καλεῖται ἰδίως παρὰ τοῖς ̓Αττικοῖς. And similarly Hesychius. For this late Greek equivalent to ἀφορμὴ references are given in Sophocles' Lex. of Rom. and Byzantine Greek to Phrynichus 223 (fl. A.D. 180) and Basilius of Caesarea III. 320 (fl. c. A.D. 379).

παραγράφεται κ.τ.λ.] ‘Phormio raises a special plea in bar of action, by appealing to a statute enacting that, on matters on which a release and quittance has once been granted, no subsequent litigation shall be lawful. See note on § 25 ἀφεὶς καὶ ἀπαλλάξας. Pollux : παραγραφή· ὅταν τις μὴ εἰσαγώγιμον λέγῃ εἶναι τὴν δίκην, ἢ ὡς κεκριμένος, ἢ διαίτης γεγενημένης, ἢ

ὡς ἀφειμένος, ἢ ὡς τῶν χρόνων
ἐξηκόντων (§ 26) ἐν οἷς ἔδει κρίνεσα
θαι· where he enumerates the
four principal circumstances
under which an ordinary action
is not maintainable. (Cf. C. R.
Kennedy, Dem. Vol. 1. Ap-
pendix, Ix. p. 378.)

παρεχόμενος.] adducing,'
προϊσχόμενος. A use of the par-
ticiple analogous to παρέχεσθαι
μάρτυρας (Aphob. Or. 27 § 8),
said of one who is pleading his
own cause, and so, inf. § 54, and
often elsewhere. P.]

25. ἅπτεται τῆς εὐθείας.] Sc. δίκης. ‘Touches on, handles, grapples with, the general issue,' εὐθυδικία being the direct course of an action argued on the merits of the case, as opposed to παραγραφή. Οr. 34 ὑπόθ. 1. 32, and ib. § 4, εὐθυδικίαν εἰσιόντα; Οr. 45 κατὰ Στεφάνου § 6 (where Apollodorus is speaking of the defendant in the present case) προλαβών μου ὥστε πρότερον λέγειν διὰ τὸ παραγραφὴν εἶναι καὶ μὴ εὐθυδικίᾳ (qu. -αν) εἰσιέναι. Isocr. παραγρ. πρὸς Καλλίμαχον §§ 1-3 μηδεὶς θαυμάσῃ ὅτι φεύγων τὴν δίκην πρότερος λέγω τοῦ διώκοντος κ.τ.λ.

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