FIG 5.-Plan and section of the New Observatory. Plan of the first floor:-1, Passage, magazine; 2, Salon; 3, Staircase; 4, Dining-room; 5, Work room; 6, Guest-chamber; 7, Telegraph; 8 and 9, Bed-rooms. The ground-floor will be used for provisions. storms. After M. Tissandier's visit, our readers may remember, telegraphic communication was again interrupted with the Pic. M. Tissandier bade the General good-bye on the 12th, and during his descent took several sketches. While it took him nine hours to make his ascent, he came down in four. NATURE The improvements contemplated by General de Nansouty comprise an entirely new and much more solid and durable structure at the very summit of the mountain. A few generous friends of science have come to his aid and placed in his hands the means of carrying out the execution of his enterprise. M. Bischoffsheim gives 15,000 francs, the Minister of Public Instruction and the Minister of Public Works each 10,000 francs, the Academy of Sciences 1,200 francs; and large sums have been given by various other societies and individuals while many smaller subscriptions, down to one franc, have been placed at the General's disposal. There is every reason to believe, that though the work will be much more costly than originally expected, it will be thoroughly and promptly completed. Our illustration (Fig. 4) shows the new observatory as it will appear when the works are completed; it is at present half built. To the right is seen, perched on a platform, the shelter for the instruments of observation. In the centre is the dwelling-house, the arrangements of which will be seen in the plan, Fig. 5. To the left is the lightning-rod, intended to protect the structure from the lightning which so frequently strikes the summit of the This lightning-rod, with its cable, which plunges 500 metres lower down in Lak Oncet, has cost 2,800 Pic. francs. The excavation of the hollow in which the structure is built has cost 2,500 francs; so much of the building as has been raised, that is one half, has cost 22,000 francs. No doubt all the necessary funds will be forthcoming; it is said that the Minister of Public Instruction will this year contribute another sum of 10,000 francs. The example of General de Nansouty has already borne fruit in France. General Farre has installed an observatory at the foot of Infernet. In Provence a movement has been set on foot to place one on Mont Ventoux. With the fine observatory of the Puy de Dôme, France will possess an important net-work of high meteorological stations which cannot but render valuable services to a knowledge of atmospheric phenomena, and be of great practical value to national industry. Let us hope that in a very few months our own country will possess at least one of these lofty stations which the French Government, the French people, and French science think it their interest and duty to give substantial encouragement to. GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES AT the meeting of the Geographical Society on Monday evening Sir Rutherford Alcock announced that the Earl of Dufferin had formally resigned the office of president in consequence of his appointment to the St. Petersburg embassy. Mr. Clements R. Markham read a paper on the basin of the River Helmund and the smaller basin of the Abistada Lake, in Western Afghanistan, a region which is classic ground, and is the scene of many of the ancient Persian tales related in the pages of Ferdosi. Mr. Markham gave some interesting particulars respecting the formation of the river of Ghazni, which drains the eastern half of the remarkable isolated basin of Lake Abistada, on the east side of the western Sulimani Range. He afterwards read a paper by Lieut.-General Kaye, on the mountain passes leading to the valley of Bamian, based on that officer's recollections of his visit to the region north of Kabul, nearly forty years ago, supplemented by notes made at the time. With regard to the idols of Bamian, the limit of his journey, General Kaye mentions a curious fact, viz., that between the images and at their sides, peeping over their shoulders-and some even above their heads-were many caves in the cliffside on which they are cut, having intricate connecting approaches and galleries cut within the rock; these formed dwellings for many Bamianchis and also for some camp-followers of the British. The two papers were illustrated by the large diagram of Afghanistan which has just been constructed for the Society. [Feb. 27, 1879 Tanganyika, which announce the death from apoplexy of THE London Missionary Society have received letters down to October 17 from their mission at Ujiji, on Lake well disposed, refuse to allow the missionaries to settle the Rev. Mr. Thomson, the leader of the party after the Rev. Roger Price's departure. The Arabs, though away from Ujiji. Mr. Hore, the scientific member of the mission, has taken several observations with the view of settling the position of Ujiji. subject, Mr. E. F. im Thurn, of Demerara, has begun to IN consequence of the prevailing ignorance on the draw up some notes on the Indians of Guiana. In the first instalment he remarks that the main tests by which to distinguish the various tribes are language, geographical position, physical features, and customs, as expressed in their characters, habits, and legends. these tests to the tribes of British Guiana he thinks In applying best to look first at their geographical position. British Guiana consists of three regions-the coast region nearest again the savannah region, which passes without break the sea, within that the forest region, and within that bited by the Warau Indians, and further south by the into the great savannahs of Brazil. The coast region, in Arawacks, while here and there are settlements and the north, towards the sources of the Orinocco, is inhastrictly synonymous with Caribs. The forest region is families of the Caribisi, a term which appears to be not almost entirely inhabited by the Ackawois, with a very few Carabisi settlements scattered among them. Beginning from the north towards the Orinocco, the chief Savannah region is peopled by a large number of tribes. are the Arecunas, Macusis, Wapianas, and Atorais. Further south are the Tarumas and Woio wais, and the small remnants of the Maopityans, or Frog Indians, and tains to be groups of hybrids between two tribes. Of the the Pianoghottos. Here and there travellers report the existence of other tribes, but these Mr. im Thurn mainMaopityans and the Pianoghottos nothing beyond a few details as to their peculiar personal appearance and manners is known, and of the Woiowais only the name is linguistic peculiarities of the other tribes mentioned, known. Mr. im Thurn next dwells at some length on the excepting the Tarumas, and he afterwards describes the way in which they most probably came into the positions they now occupy. The in the Hyde Park, Sydney, was unveiled on February 25. THE statue of Captain Cook, which has been erected performed by the Governor, Sir Hercules Robinson, in the presence of the Ministry, the public bodies of the The ceremony, which was of an imposing character, was city, detachments of the naval and military forces, and upwards of 20,000 spectators. DR. EDWIN R. HEATH, of whose proposed exploration New York on November 23, and reached Pará on in South America we have already made mention, left December 19. He was to have taken a steamer up the Madeira on the 23rd, and thence to Exaltacion or else across to Reyes, on the Beni River, where he proposed to preparations for descending the river. spend some time in making collections and the necessary longitude of which is well established, and to work his obtain Greenwich time at San Antonio, the latitude and He expected to longitudes by them until arriving at the Beni, where he intended to correct it by "lunars." With a good outfit and apparatus he was to take observations of latitude and longitude at every suitable opportunity, as also to make points. After completing all his preparations at Reyes, records of the thermometer, barometer, and boilingand having his balsa properly constructed and equipped, he proposed to commit himself to the current, and take his chances of what might happen. THE Minister of Public Instruction at Paris has received an interesting communication from Dr. Jules Crevaux (see NATURE, vol. xix. p. 298), written on October 30 from the River Kou, an affluent of the Yary, one of the lower tributaries of the Amazon. When he last wrote he had just crossed the crest of the TumucHumac range. The Rouassir, an affluent of the Kou, was at length reached, after many difficulties, on September 27, but proved to be navigable for less than 250 yards; its course then led through a marshy country, in which it was divided into numerous streams, encumbered with a virgin vegetation, which had to be cut through. The party only reached the confluence of the Kou on December 2. Here Dr. Crevaux met some members of the Roucouyenne tribe whom he had seen before, and who were journeying towards the Oyapock River, in Guiana. They took his letters and some of his collections, while a few of them undertook to remain with him and guide him to the Yary, and thence to the Paru. Ar a recent meeting of the Geographical Society of Lyons, Capt. Baudot read a report on M. Duponchel's project of a railway from Algeria to the Senegal. He characterised the scheme as a dream and an illusion, and basing his remarks on his experiences gained during a long sojourn in Algeria, he enumerated the difficulties which rendered the project incapable of realisation in our time. We have received the first part of a new edition of Stieler's well-known Hand-Atlas, published by Perthes, of Gotha. A large number of new maps are promised; one of these, North-West Africa, is contained in the first part, and seems to us to be well up to date. It is only four years since the last edition was published, but much has happened during the interval to render a new one necessary. A NEW Society of Geography has been established at Nancy, the head town of French Lorraine, and the first meeting took place on February 24. Another Society of Geography for Normandy has also been found at Rouen. AT a recent meeting of the Berlin African Society, the sum of 2,000 reichsmark was awarded to the well-known traveller, Herr Ad. Krause, who is now in Northern Africa, for a special tour to the Ahaggar mountain range. A further sum of 20,000 mark will be distributed amongst several other travellers shortly. In the next part of the Society's Mittheilungen, interesting reports just come to hand from Drs. Gerhard Rohlfs and Buchner, will be published. IT is stated that Major Butler, of the 9th Regiment, has returned to India from Turkestan, after completing a survey of nearly 6,000 miles of the country. In the course of his explorations he visited and held a conference with the Tekké Turcoman chiefs at Kizil Arvad, which was afterwards occupied by the Russians, but from which it is said that General Lomakin has found it necessary to beat a retreat. IN the list of observations for fixing positions on the Amazons, taken by Commander Selfridge, U.S.N., which were recently published in the New York Herald, we learn that by an accidental error the longitude of Pará was given as 48° 59′ 15′′, instead of 48° 29′ 15′′, and that the latter will have to undergo a correction of 50" for the difference between the meridians of the Rio de Janeiro Observatory and Fort Villegagnon, the distance having been erroneously calculated from the latter. UNDER the title of "L'Amérique Equinoxiale" M. Ed. André has just commenced, in the Tour du Monde, a series of admirably illustrated papers on the United States of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, in which he travelled on a scientific mission from the French Government in 1875-6. NOTES FREDERICK SMITH, F.L.S., assistant-keeper of the zoological department of the British Museum, died on the 16th inst. at the age of seventy-three. Mr. Smith had devoted himself to entomology, and was one of the first living authorities on hymenopterous insects. THE first soirée given at the Paris Observatory by Admiral Mouchez took place on February 21, and was very successful. More than a thousand persons belonging to influential circles visited the scientific exhibition of telephones, microphones, electric pens, Feil's new specimens of artificial gems, &c. A lecture was given by M. Wolf illustrating a new projection by electric light; the revolution of a radiometer could be observed for the first time on a screen. Admiral Mouchez had secured the services of the band of the Republican Guard, and a ball terminated the proceedings. Science seems to be somewhat more human and gay in Paris than in London; we do not think this does any harm to science, and is certainly a very effectual method of spreading an interest in it. ENCOURAGING experiments were made at the British Museum on Tuesday night in lighting up the reading-room by means of the electric light. To-night further and more complete experi ments are to be made, and we trust that as the result a considerable extension of working-hours will be possible for the hundreds who make the great room their daily workshop. A week or two ago the enterprising authorities of the Dundee public library made similar experiments with hopeful results. For such purposes there can be no question of the utility of the light, if suitable and safe arrangements could be made. The form of light used at the Museum was the modification of the Jabloch. koff candle introduced by the Société Générale d'Électricité. By way of experiment the electric light has recently been introduced into the Vienna Art Exhibition at the "Künstlerhaus" and has enabled the directors to keep open their picture galleries until late at night. The experiment was a perfect success, and the new light will remain permanently established at the galleries. THE subjects of the Croonian Lectures for this year are announced. Lecture I. will be on the physical basis of auscultation, Lecture II. on tension, Lecture III. on the rate of the heart's hypertrophy. All the lectures will be illustrated by means of physical experiments and oxyhydrogen projection. The lecturer is Dr. W. H. Stone. ON Wednesday, March 5, Prof. Flower will give the first of his nine lectures at the College of Surgeons, on the comparative anatomy of man, in continuation of the course of last year, to be continued on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, at 4 o'clock, to March 24. The following are the heads of Prof. Flower's lectures :-Recapitulation of the best ascertained facts in connection with the subjects treated of in the last course, including the physical characters and geographical distribution of the Aus tralian, Tasmanian, Melanesian, Papuan, Malay, and Polynesian races, with further illustrations from recent additions to the Museum; the inhabitants of the Andaman Islands, briefly touched upon last year, will next be treated of in detail, as typical examples of the Negrito race, and their osteological characters and relations to other races demonstrated from a series of skeletons and crania lately received; the Mongolian type and its various modifications, illustrated as far as the materials in the Museum permit ; ethnology of Eastern and Southern Asia; the Ainos, a non-Mongolian people of Northern Japan; the Eskimos. The lectures are free to all who are interested in the subject. A NEW Society has been created at Paris for aëronautics. It is styled "Académie d'Ascensions météorologiques," and a NATURE museum is being fitted up and will be opened in March for public inspection, admittance free. It contains all the apparatus devised for constructing or directing balloons or taking meteoro. logical observations in the air. WE regret to see from the Times correspondent at Daka, that notwithstanding all that science has done for warfare, the Afghan war has been an unscientific one. "India," he states, "is unprepared for scientific war." "The enemy like ourselves possesses arms of precision and artillery. Their artillery at Ali Musjid and the Peiwar Kotal was probably equal if not superior to our own. Rockets, however, so easily carried over rough mountain roads, and so terrifying to barbarians from their eccentric course, exciting their astonishment more than any other appliances of art except the telegraph, have never been introduced in the campaign. Nor have any steam launches been sent to traverse the navigable Cabul river, explore its windings, and secure the left flank from gatherings of the enemy. No lime-lights or other lights, of which science boasts so many, have ever been supplied to prevent the enemy perpetually harassing | our troops and disturbing their much-needed repose by creeping within range under cover of night and firing into our camp." This is rather disheartening, and we trust that in the campaign against the Zulus more attention will be paid to recent applications of science, and that for example night surprises will be made impossible by the use of one or other form of light which by a little ingenuity might be made to light up all the ground around any position. [Feb. 27, 1879 spices, which sent forth agreeable odours during the progress of the The object of these dishes was supposed to have been to contain cremation. Herr Dahlem, a well known German archæologist, was able to verify this view in the following manner. He had obtained a dish of this kind which was broken, and after cementing it had placed it upon a stove for the purpose of drying the Shortly afterwards he noticed a strong and by no means unpleasant odour proceeding from the heated dish. It seems therefore that the ingredients burnt in the dish some fifteen centuries ago had left traces behind, which announced cement. their presence upon becoming heated. Herr Dahlem remarks that the odour was not unlike that of storax. PROF. C. V. RILEY, entomologist of the U.S. Department of Pacific slope during the year of a new insect that is killing many Agriculture, reports that serious complaints have come from the country. Specimens received from Mr. A. W. Saxe, of Santa of the orchard and ornamental trees in that section of the Clara, California, show it to be a species of Dorthesia, an abnormal bark-louse (family Coccida). (apparently D. characias, Westw.), and has of late years been It is an Australian insect introduced on Australian plants into South Africa, where, according to Mr. Roland Trimen, curator of the South African Museum, it has multiplied at a terrible rate, and become such a evidently been introduced (probably on the blue gum or eucascourge as to attract the attention of the Government. It has lyptus) to California, either direct from Australia or from South Africa, and will doubtless become a great evil, because most introduced insects are brought over without the natural enemies which keep them in check in their native country, and consequently multiply at a prodigious rate. use of kerosene or linseed-oil. The best remedy is a judicious IN the Revue d'Anthropologie for January, 1879, Dr. Gustave Le Bon contributes an important memoir, "Recherches anato An unusually brilliant meteor was seen in the north of England on Monday morning at about twelve minutes to three o'clock. It is described as a pear-shaped ball of fire in the northern heavens, which travelled slowly downwards towards the horizon, and emitting scintillations and a light of great brilliancy almost equal to that of day, so great indeed that it is said the smallest print could have been read. The light having disap.miques et mathématiques sur les Lois des Variations du Volume peared, a sound, described by some as resembling the discharge of heavy cannon, and by others as that of the rumbling of distant thunder, was heard, but in all cases it seems to have been sufficiently violent to rattle windows, &c., and to have raised various speculations as to what could be the cause, some ascribing it to an earthquake, others to lightning, while others who saw the meteor set it to the account of that unearthly visitor. A SMART shock of earthquake, lasting about four seconds, was felt at North Unst Lighthouse, Shetland, on January 4, at five minutes past one o'clock in the afternoon. At 7.45 A.M. on Sunday week, a smart shock was felt at Milan and Brescia. A SIMPLE and convenient way of demonstrating the vibratory movements of chords, is described by M. Schwedoff in a recent number of the Journal de Physique. The stationary waves of the chord are produced by means of an electric trembler (like that used for bells), the chord being attached at one end to the soft iron palette, and caused to vibrate transversely. The other end of the chord is attached to a stretcher for varying the tension. A movable runner allows of varying the length of the vibrating portion. A blackened board with figures on it is supported behind the chord. By last accounts from China we learn that Mr. C. Moreno, the agent of the American projectors of a scheme for connecting China with the west coast of America by a submarine cable, is now at Tientsin for the purpose of soliciting the support of the Chinese Government. The Japanese are said to have promised assistance if the project finds favour at Peking. AN interesting archæological observation has recently been been made quite accidentally. It is well known that the urns found on Roman burial-grounds and containing the bone remains of cremated bodies are often covered with clay cups or dishes. du Cerveau et sur leurs Relations avec l'Intelligence." One of the most interesting of his conclusions is that relating to the cranial differences between the sexes, both in weight of brain English anthropologists, and recently conclusions have notably and dimension of skull. This question has long been studied by been drawn by Mr. Darwin in his chapter on "Difference in the Mental Powers of the Two Sexes," in his "Descent of Man," ditary Genius." Dr. Le Bon states as the result of his investigaand collaterally by Mr. Fras. Galton, in his work on "Heretions that the female brain is not only less in weight than that of man, but that this inferiority exists "à âge égal, à poids égal et à taille égale," and that the cranial differences between the sexes are greater among the cultivated and more highly-developed he ascribes to the fact that the mental activity of civilised society races than among those in the most primitive condition, which is conducted in the aggregate by the male sex. sions are highly corroborative of the views advanced in a paper These conclu(Distant, "On the Mental Differences between the Sexes," read before the Anthropological Institute of London in 1874 Journal of the Anthropological Institute, vol. iv. p. 78). Dr. Le Bon points out also the important fact that though the greater than that of the less-developed ones, still what really average capacity of the crania of the superior races is much civilised races contain necessarily more largely-developed crania constitutes the superiority of one race over the other is that the regards a strong opinion often held as to the superiority in size than can be found among the inferiorly developed races. of the left hemisphere of the brain over that of the right, Dr. Le 287 crania he found inequalities indicated on either side in such Bon can add nothing in confirmation. From a measurement of proportion as to preclude his describing them as anything but a variable character: sérieuses à cette inégalité de développement." sans qu'il soit possible d'assigner des raisons As ONE of the most interesting questions in American archæology has long been that of the age of the "mound-builders." Modern views seem now opposed to a prehistoric date for these people. Amongst other American workers who have inclined to the more recent date of these structures may be mentioned S. F. Haven, who considered the ancestors of the present Indians to have been the authors of these erections, and Dr. P. J. Farnsworth, who believed that the mound-builders were identical in race with the historical Indians of North America. On this subject a paper read before the Congrès International des Américanistes, 1877, by M. F. Force, has just been reprinted in pamphlet form by Clarke and Co., Cincinnati, 1879, entitled "To what Race did the Mound-builders belong?" The following are some of the author's conclusions :—That so far as indications are given by the growth of vegetation, it is not necessary to hold that any of the works were abandoned more than one thousand years ago. That the absence of all tradition concerning the mounds among the recent Indians is no proof of their great antiquity, as Indian tradition is short-lived and evanescent. Although the advent of De Soto with his armed followers, pillaging and ravaging the country, must have been calculated to make a deep impression, yet, when Europeans visited the country a century and a half later, they found not a vestige of a tradition of De Soto. Finally, Mr. Force considers that the mound-builders were tribes of Indians, more advanced than [the Algonquins or the Dakotahs, but much less advanced than the Aztecs or the Peruvians, and on the same plane with the Pueblo Indians, and that they were living in full prosperity in the time of Charlemagne. Mr. Force reviews the evidence as to their antiquity derived from an examination of crania from these mounds, and endeavours to prove that either the skulls were not obtained from the mounds under consideration, or in other instances would not bear the conclusions based on their examination. A CURIOUS thermo-magnetic motor, devoid, probably, of prac tical value, but having some scientific interest, has been devised by Prof. Houston and Thomson (Journal of the Franklin Institute). A disk or ring of thin steel is mounted on a vertical axis so as to be quite free to move with its edges opposite the poles of a horse-shoe magnet. The wheel of course becomes magnetised by induction. On heating a section of it, it begins to move. The reason is, that the heated section has its coercitive force increased, and so, being less powerfully magnetised by the induction of the adjacent pole, than the part next it, the attraction exerted by the pole on this latter part is sufficient to cause motion. A constant source of heat gives continuous rotation. The disk must be sufficiently thin to prevent its acquiring a uniform temperature. The heat may be applied at diametrically opposite parts, with similar effect. What renders the motor of little value is the amount of heat required. being so enormous as compared with the force developed. THE Monats-Berichte der Berliner Akademie (September and October 1878) contain some researches by M. Paalzow on the spectrum of oxygen: as, however, M. Paalzow has fallen into the old and common mistake of taking the spectrum of carbonic oxide for the spectrum of oxygen, he cannot be said to have made any decisive addition to our knowledge. A CEYLON paper furnishes some interesting notes respecting the culture of the cinchona tree in the island. The variety known as C. succirubra yields a large quantity of bark, and is so hardy that, though the proper zone of elevation for its culture is from 2,000 to 4,500 feet, many planters are induced to try it at higher elevations. The zone for C. officinalis is from 4,000 feet upwards, and it has been grown on Dodabetta at a height of 8,000 feet, but in that case the bark of the unmossed tree becomes covered with lichens. C. calisaga will grow wherever the last-named variety does. Cinchona officinalis is highly recommended as a sheltering tree for coffee-shrubs against the effects of wind. THE first number of the Journal of the Russian Physical and Chemical Society (both societies now united) contains an interesting paper by M. Beketoff on the specific heat of hydrogen when compounded with palladium; a paper by M. Ponomareff on derivatives from uric acid; additions and corrections, by Prof. Menschutkin, to his papers on etherisation of secondary alcohols; two papers on organic chemistry by MM. Kiabinine, Saytzeff, and Semlianitzin; and a paper by M. Lermantoff on the chemical and photographic action of light. Many very interesting notes give a very complete account of recent work in chemistry. THE formation of hail and the various causes which contribute to it are still a very obscure question in meteorology. The fol lowing points on which information is desired have lately been indicated by M. Colladon :-1. Dates as exact as possible, and made comparable with the hour at Paris, Berne, or Geneva, of the commencement and end of the hail shower; extent of the surface covered. 2. Average and maximum dimensions of hailstones, their form, the average or maximum number of layers they present. Do the successive layers increase in thickness from the central nucleus? 3. Apparent form and elevation of hail clouds; have they the appearance of a vast continuous gyratory movement, or simply of movements of attraction and repulsion? Multiplicity of flashes, their average number per minute; are they, or not, accompanied by resounding noises and frequent descents of lightning on the ground? or are they mostly mute? Are there notable falls of hail without apparent and well-marked electrical phenomena? 4. Average temperature of the air before or during an electric storm, and temperature of the rain-water accompanying it, at the moment of its fall. M. Colladon has contrived an inexpensive apparatus for measuring the last item (La Nature, February 15). A funnel conducts the rain to a capsule holding the bulb of a minimum thermometer which has the upper part of its stem bent horizontally and a scale attached to this part. IN a note on brewing contained in a report on Sapporo and Ishcari (Japan) we read that the beer is poor, weak stuff that will not keep. In course of time, however, it is fully expected that the art of brewing will succeed, more especially as a native director has spent several years in America and Europe devoting his attention to brewing. The hops used, it seems, are imported, and foreign hop seed has been sown, the plants raised from which appear to be doing well. The wild hops, which are found in great abundance on the road from Morarau to Sapporo, and have been found to be unsuitable for brewing in their wild state, are now being cultivated, as it is supposed that by care and attention they will prove to be as good if not better than foreign hops. Consequently great pains are now being taken with these hop plantations. THE additions to the Zoological Society's Gardens during the past week include a Green Monkey (Cercopithecus callitrichus) from West Africa, presented by Mr. Douglas Murray; a Bennett's Wallaby (Halmaturus bennettii) from Tasmania, presented by Mr. W. E. Windus; a Common Hare (Lepus europaus), British Isles, presented by Mr. Alfred Withers; two Indian Barred Doves (Geopelia striata), a Chinese Turtledove (Turtur chinensis) from India, presented by Capt. H. Braddick; a Tayra (Galictis barbara) from Panama, two Grand Galagos (Galago crassicaudatus) from East Africa, three Australian Wild Ducks (Anas superciliosa) from Australia, two Cardinal Grosbeaks (Cardinalis virginianus) from North America, purchased; a Spotted Eagle Owl (Bubo maculosus) from Africa, deposited; two Prairie Marmots (Cynomys ludovicianus) from North America, received in exchange. |